21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES

AND THE WORLD

First Quarter: Week 2
Name: _________________________ Grade Level: ________________
Section: ________________________ Date: ______________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Various Literary Genres of Philippine Literature in Different Periods

Background Information

Literature reflects the history of a nation. It is interesting to know the development of

our literature from the past centuries up to the current times. The development of
Philippine literature consists of seven (7) periods. Namely:

1. Pre-Colonial Period
2. Spanish Colonization Period
3. Nationalistic/Propaganda and Revolutionary Period
4. American Colonial Period
5. Japanese Occupation
6. Modern Period
7. Post-modern/contemporary period

These periods are presented in a summarized form using a chart. It is the 'capsulized'
form to see the whole concepts of the different periods of our literature with regards to
their time frame, characteristics, prominent Filipino writers, and their literary works.
 CHART OF THE DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
PROMINENT
WRITERS &
CHARACTERISTIC FORMS OF
PERIOD THEIR
S LITERATURE
LITERARY
WORKS
1.Pre-Colonial Period • Oral traditions ➢ Riddles-tricky ✓ No writers
(B.C. - 1565 A.D.) • Mythology question with were known
• Animism & corresponding witty in this period.
Superstitions answer ✓ There was no
➢ Proverbs-wise piece of
sayings used as food literary works
for thought preserved.
➢ Folk songs-folk lyric The only
which expresses remaining
hopes and forms of
aspirations and the literature
people's lifestyle were
➢ Folk tales-explain preserved
how the world was orally.
created (Salindila)
➢ Legends – explain ✓ This was
the origin of things probably the
➢ Fable-use of animals result of
as characters confiscation
➢ Epic- mythological of literary
narration of works that
supernatural events were burned
or heroic deeds and
destroyed by
the Spanish
colonizers.

2.Spanish Colonization • Religious ➢ Religious literatures ✓ Aquino De

Period • Secular 'Doctrina Cristiana'- Belen
( 1565-1863) (Non-religious) oldest book about -"ang mahal
• Spanish Catholic beliefs na Pasyon ni
language was ➢ Cenakulo & Pasyon- Jesu
introduced songs about the Kristong
passion & crucifixion Panginoong
of Christ natin"
➢ Novena ✓ Francisco
➢ -lengthy Catholic Balagtas
prayers with the use (father of
of Rosary Balagtasan
➢ Novel-long stories and tagalog
➢ Awit literature)
➢ colorful tales of "Florante at
chivalry Laura"
 ➢ Korido ✓ Joaquin
➢ -metric tales Tuazon
➢ Prose narratives "Ang bagong
➢ Moro-Moro Robinson"
➢ -depicts the conflict ✓ Modesto
between Spanish Castro
colonizers and the "Urbana at
moslems Felisa"
➢ Sta Cruzan -street ✓ Pedro
play Bukaneg
(blind poet,
father of
Bukanegan
& Ilocano
literature,ep
ic "Biag-ni-
Lam-ang"
3.Nationalistic/Propagan • Writing was ➢ Propaganda ✓ Graciano
da and Revolutionary used to literature (leaflets, Lopez Jaena
Period (1864- propagate newspapers, -editor of" La
1896) nationalism. ➢ Novels about Solidaridad"
• Shift from Spanish atrocities) ✓ Marcelo H.
Spanish to the ➢ Political essays Del Pilar-
used of Tagalog ➢ Satire-humorous editor of
writings "Diyaryong
➢ Patriotic poems Tagalog"
➢ Short stories ✓ Jose Rizal
-"Noli Me
Tangere & El
Filibusterism
o"
✓ Andres
Bonifacio
-Poem (Pag-
ibig sa
tinubuang
Lupa)
✓ Apolinario
Mabini
-"Katapusang
hibik ng
Pilipinas"
✓ Emilio
Jacinto
-"Liwanag at
Dilim"
4.American Colonial • The use of ➢ Poems, short stories ✓ Paz Marquez
Period English ,novels Benitez-
(1910-1945) language is "Dead Stars"
introduced (short story)
✓ Zoilo Galang
 • Short stories –"Child of
became the most sorrow"
prevalent literary ✓ Juan
forms. Crisostomo
Sotto (father
of Crisotan &
Kapampanga
n literature)
-"Y Miss
Phatuphats"
✓ Jose Corazon
De Jesus
(Joseng
Batute) –
"Bayon Ko"
lyrics sang
and
popularized by
Fredie Aguilar

5. Japanese period • New tagalog ➢ Free verse poem ✓ Macario

(1942-1944) poets ➢ Fiction/short stories Pineda
emerged -"Suyuan sa
• Use of tubigan" (
simple short story)
language ✓ Narciso
and free Reyes
verse "Lupang
instead of tinubuan"
the ✓ Liwayway
measured Arceo
• Fiction -"tigang na
prevailed lupa"
over poetry ✓ Jose Garcia
Villa
(National
Artist )
"Footnote to
youth"
✓ Nick Joaquin
(National
Artist) "the
woman who
had two
navels"
✓ Bienvenido
Santos –
(National
Artist) "the
praying man"
6. Modern period • New writers ➢ Poems, short stories ✓ F. Jose
(1960-1999) emerged, critical ,essays,theater Sionil
to Marcos shows (National
administration Artist) "My
• The used of brother my
symbolism and Executioner"
allegories ✓ Teodoro
• The used of Agoncillo
theater was -The "History
prevalent. of the Filipino
(Philippine People"
Educational ✓ Virgilio
Theater Almario
Association/PET -children's
A & UP theater story "Ibong
Adarna," and
Filipino
translations
of Jose
Rizal's "Noli
Me Tangere"
and "El
filibusterismo
."
✓ Carlos Ojeda
Aureus
-(Carlos
Palanca
Awardee)
“The
Latecomer”
✓ David C.
Martinez
(Palanca
Awardee) –
“The Amulet”
8. Post ➢ Essay, novels, short ✓ Teodoro
Modern/contemporary • Writers with stories Locsin-
period wide range of ➢ Hybrid literature- speech
topics/ focus 'textula' an app that writer,
• Integration of gives quick access essayist
social media to poems on social "Teoditorial"
media ✓ Ambet
➢ -eBooks, Ocampo
Wattpad,fliptop,spok "Bones of
en poetry Contention"
book about
Bonifacio
✓ Lualhati
Bautista-
(novelist)
 "Bata,Bata,
Paano ka
ginawa?" &
"Gapo"
✓ Jhoanna
Lynn V.
Cruzs
(essayist)
“Sapay
Koma” &
“Agua de
Viuda”

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the ones from the
earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and traditions EN12Lit-Id-25

ACTIVITIES & DIRECTIONS/INSTRUCTIONS

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the possible reason why there were no remaining pre-Spanish literature in
Philippines?

a. Writing materials that were used were not durable

b. Negligence of ancient Filipino's literary works
c. Spanish colonizers burned and destroyed the Filipino ancient literary works
d. None of the given choices

2. A literary form that narrates a mythological hero who possesses supernatural strength
is____.

a. Epic b. Riddle c. Proverbs d. Folk tale

3. Which among the given is NOT related to the observance of the death and passion of
Christ?
a. Pasion b. Cenakulo c. Salubong d. Zarzuela

4. Who among the following writers belong to the American colonial period?
a. Aquino De Belen, Graciano Lopez, Paz Marquez Benitez
b. Aquino De Belen, Virgilio Almario, Bienvenido Santos
c. Aquino De Belen, Franciso Balagtas, Joaquin Tuazon
d. Aquino De Belen, Teodoro Locsin,Graciano Lopez

5. Which among the given has the right pair with regards to the author and his literary
works?
a. Marcelo H. Del Pilar-“Pag-ibig sa tinubuang Lupa”
b. Jose Corazon De Jesus- lyrics of "Bayan Ko"
c. Francisco Balagtas –“Biag ni Lam-ang”
 d. Juan Crisostomo Sotto- “Florante at Laura

B. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct. Write
FALSE if it is wrong and underline the incorrect word/phrase, then write the appropriate
word/phrase at the end of the sentence.

Ex. FALSE -Literature doesn't reflect the history of a nation. -does reflect

________1. The only remaining literary forms of the pre-Spanish era were mostly oral
traditions.
________2. The literary forms during the Spanish colonial period, were no doubt, secular
in general.
________3. The aim of the Revolutionary writers was to cover up Spanish abuses in the
Philippines.
________4. Short stories were the most common literary forms during the American
colonial period.
________5. Measured literary forms were commonly accepted during the Japanese Era.

C. DIY-DO IT YOURSELF: Create a timeline/diagram (ex. Fishbone, tree diagram ) based on

the given chart about the different periods of Philippine literature.

Rubrics for the D-I-Y ( timeline/diagram)

Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs

Improvement
10 8 6
3

Facts were accurate Facts were accurate Facts were accurate Facts were often
for all events for almost all events for most (~75%) of inaccurate for the
Content/Facts reported on the reported on the the events reported events that were
timeline. timeline. on the timeline. reported on the
timeline.
All information are Most l information Some information Some information
clearly presented are clearly are clearly are clearly
Clarity & Creativity with best design presented with presented with good presented simple
better design design design

Reflection: Answer these questions based on your own opinion.

1. What is the relationship between literature and history?

2. What is the latest literary piece that you have read or seen in social media?

3. What makes wattpad interesting to young readers?

4. Describe fliptop and spoken poetry as a unique form of literature.

Answer Keys

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
B. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
1. TRUE
2. FALSE, SECULAR- RELIGIOUS
3. FALSE, COVER UP-EXPOSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE, MEASURED-FREE VERSE/ OR COMMONLY ACCEPTED -
REJECTED
C. RUBRICS FOR DIY-TIMELINE/DIAGRAM

Content/Facts = 10 pts
Clarity & Creativity = 10 pts
Total = 20 pts

Prepared by:

CHRISTOPHER CAPULONG
Master Teacher I - ACNTS

REFERENCES:

Enriquez Delia C.2003. Philippine Literature, a regional approach, Navotas Press

Lumbera Bienvenido and Lumbera Cynthia. 2003. Philippine Literature Revised edition, Anvil

Publishing incorporated

"Different Periods of Philippines Literature." n.d. Infogram. Accessed August 17, 2020.

https://infogram.com/different-periods-of-philippine-literature-1g0q3plyvx5n21g.

Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. July 23, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org./.