Faculty of Business Studies

MBA (Evening) Program

Fall 2019

Term Paper
On
Role of Management in achieving organization’s Goal

Course Name: Principles of Management

Course no.: EMIS-502

Submitted to:
Dr. Md. Abdul Hannan Mia
Professor
Department of Management Information Systems (MIS)
Faculty of Business Studies
University of Dhaka

Submitted by:

Md. Tanvir Islam,

ID: 619-43-36-006
Role of Management in achieving organization’s Goal
Organization refers to a collection of people, who are involved in shadowing defined
objectives. It can be explained as a system which encompasses all formal human
relationships. The organization comprises division of work among employees and alignment
of tasks towards the utmost goal of the company. All organizations have a management
structure that regulate relationships betwixt the contrasting activities and the members, and
subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to accomplish different tasks.
Organizations are open systems, so they affect and are affected by their habitat. Organization
is a goal-oriented process, which focuses at achieving them, through proper planning and
systemization betwixt activities. It depends on the concept of division of work and set up
authority and responsibility relationship amid the members of the organization.

Organization Goals
Goals are censored to the success of the company because they represent the workers as a
goal and they work to achieve it. There are three different criteria for organizational goals:
level, area, and time frame.
Level: Organizational target varies in the structure or hierarchy tier of the organization. The
composition of the company is composed of top-level, mid-level and lower-level or first-line
managers. The goals should be different and more realistic for each level; acceptable for the
level. "Improve income and market share" is an effective aim for managers at the top level,
but not for managers at the lower level. "Improving efficiency by 12 percent" is a reasonable
aim for managers at the lower level.
Area: Organizations often set different goals in different areas, most precisely for different
departments. Within its structure, a company may have many departments; marketing,
accounting, logistics, payroll, human resources, legal, and more. Every department should
have a different objective; which informs the departments regarding their mission but is
consistent with the purpose of the entire organization.
Strategic goals: These are defined by and by the highest leadership of the company. By
working on broad general issues, these aims are met. Strategic goals or strategies are usually
long-term, and other deadlines are set in different timeframes and areas of this aim.
Tactical Goals: For mid-level managers, tactical goals are to focus on the actions required to
achieve the organizational goals. Such priorities concentrate on how steps needed to achieve
the strategic goals can be operationalized. In addition, mid-level executives from different
departments are responsible for their achievement.
Functional Goals: Functional goals are set by and for administrators at the lower level.
Functional targets are for lower-level managers to address strategic goals-related short-term
problems and lower-level managers are responsible for their accomplishment.

Term Paper EMIS-502 (Principles of Management) Fall-2019, 6194336006 1

Management of an Organization
Management can be characterized as the method of managing and regulating the
organization's affairs, regardless of their origin, form, structure and scale. It is an act of
creating and maintaining such a business environment in which the company members can
work together efficiently and effectively to accomplish business goals.
Management serves as a reference to a group of people working within the organization and
organizing their efforts to achieve the common goal. In other words, it is dealing with the
optimum use of people, computer, material, money and procedures, and this can only be done
if the systems and practices are appropriately guided, organized and implemented.
A manager in the organization is a person who guides other people's activities. The managers
do their work at various levels and are called by different names. First line managers are
usually referred to as supervisors or may be called foremen in a production. Middle-level
administrators include all leadership levels between the tier of oversight and the
organization's top level. Such administrators can be called operational directors, heads of
facilities, and supervisors of programs. There may be top managers close to the top of the
pyramid who are responsible for strategic assessments then setting priorities then plans that
impact all the organization's facets. Such persons may be named vice-president, managing
director, chief executive or board member, etc.
The role of a manager in an organization is very critical. He's a strategist, producer, manager,
and marketer. An organization's success will depend on the manager's caliber to use the
resources to achieve business goals. A manger is a key figure in the role of wealth creation.
Technology, production methods, marketing techniques, financial set-up are rapidly changing
and the director should be able to cope with the changes. A manager is required to perform
tasks such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. All of these tasks is vital to the
smooth running of an organization and the accomplishment of business goals.
A manager is responsible for overseeing a division or group of employees within a particular
organization or corporation, tasked with a leadership role. Managers are used in each industry
and their guidance and ability to operationalize the management structure depends on the
business model. Working as a manager is an achievement because it reveals the ability of a
professional to successfully manage, oversee multiple business operations, manage stress,
and effectively communicate with employees.
Managers across all industries contribute significantly to companies, resulting in corporate
profits, organization, and the general productivity of the workforce. Management skills can
be described as certain qualities or abilities that an employee should have to perform specific
tasks within an organization. These include an organization's ability to perform
administrative functions while preventing crisis situations and resolving issues quickly when
these arise. Management skills can be developed as a manager by learning and practical
experience. The skills help the boss to communicate with his fellow employees and to know
how to handle their subordinates properly, which makes it easy to work.

Term Paper EMIS-502 (Principles of Management) Fall-2019, 6194336006 2

Levels of Management
The three management levels form the management hierarchy that represents the position and
rank of executives and managers.
Top-Level Management: This is the organizational hierarchy's highest level, which
includes; board of directors and chief executives. It is their responsibility to define goals,
formulate plans, strategies and policies.
Middle-Level Management: It is the corporate ladder's second and most significant tier, as
it provides a bridge between top and bottom level management. It includes heads and
managers from departments and divisions who are responsible for implementing and
controlling plans and strategies that the top executives formulate.
Lower Level Management: Also named administration at the technical or organizational
level. This requires leaders of the first section, foreman, and supervisors. As lower-level
management deals directly with the workers, it plays a crucial role in the enterprise as it helps
to reduce employees ' downtime and idle time, increasing production quality and quantity.

Characteristics of Management
Universal: All organizations are required to manage their activities, whether it is profit-
making or not. By fact, thus, it is universal.
Goal Oriented: Each company is set up with a specific purpose and leadership aims to
achieve these goals in a timely and efficient manner.
Continuous process: it is an ongoing process that aims to continue as long as there is an
entity. Whether it is development, human resource, finance or advertising, it is needed in
every sector of the organization
Multi-dimensional: Management is not limited to people management alone, but it also
oversees jobs, procedures and activities, making it a multidisciplinary practice.
Group activity: An organization is made up of different individuals with different needs,
aspirations and values. Each person joins the organization with a different purpose, but they
strive to achieve the same goal after becoming a part of the organization.
Dynamic function: In a business environment, an entity exists that has different factors such
as cultural, financial, legal, technological and economic. A slight change in either of these
parameters can impact the development and success of the company.
Intangible force: Management cannot be seen or reached, but in the way the organization
works, one can sense its presence.
In reality, all of the organization's tasks, operations and processes are intertwined with each
other. And it is the management's task to bring them together to help achieve the intended
outcome. Management is the method by which organizational objectives are achieved. This is
the process of directing the development, maintenance, and resource distribution to achieve
organizational goals.

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Functions of Management
There are four functional key areas of the organization:
Planning: It is the first and main leadership method, i.e. to decide what to do in the future in
advance. This requires rule creation, goal selection, intervention planning, and so on.
Organizing: The next step, once the schedules are formulated, is to coordinate the operations
and assets, such as defining the tasks, classifying them, assigning duties to subordinates and
allocation of resources.
Leading: It is the manager's task to guide, oversee, lead and encourage the employees to
make sure they work in the appropriate direction so as far as organization's goals are
concerned. This requires hiring staff to carry out the organization's various activities. It's
about making sure the right person is assigned to the right job.
Controlling: Management's monitoring role requires a variety of steps to be taken to ensure
that workers ' productivity is in accordance with the schedules. This requires setting standards
for performance and comparing them to the actual performance. In the case of any deviations,
it is important to take the necessary steps to fix them.
Cooperation is an important management feature that involves integrating the organization's
activities, processes and operations and configuring efforts to achieve that each aspect of the
organization leads to its progress.

Management Skill & Scope

Technical Skills: Technical skills include abilities that allow managers to use a variety of
techniques to achieve their goals. These skills include not only functioning devices and
software, manufacturing tools, and hardware parts, but also the qualifications are needed to
boost sales, design various types of products and services, and business products and
services.
Conceptual Skills: In terms of experience and capacity for critical thinking and formulating
concepts, all include the qualities managers possess. The boss can see a whole idea, evaluate
and identify a problem, and find creative solutions. This helps the director to accurately
anticipate obstacles that might be faced by their team or the whole company.
Human or Interpersonal Skills: Human or communication skills are the abilities that reflect
the capacity of managers to communicate efficiently with others, work or connect to them.
Such capabilities help managers to leverage the company's human potential and inspire
workers to achieve better results.
Political Skills: Political skills includes impulse control, skillfully communicate with their
bosses, higher ups and so on, effective influence to others, powers of perception, effective
networking levels of integrity, authenticity, sincerity and genuineness. Political skills were
positively related to task performance because of the personal reputation and self-efficacy of
the individual, showing partial-mediation.

Term Paper EMIS-502 (Principles of Management) Fall-2019, 6194336006 4

There is a wide variety of expertise that management should have to effectively run an
organization. The following are six essential management skills that any manager should
have in order to fulfill his duties:
Planning: In an organization, planning is a crucial aspect. Planning is the capacity to plan
events in compliance with established guidelines while staying within the constraints of
available resources such as energy, money and labor. The planning process involves defining
and setting goals that can be accomplished, designing appropriate plans, and outlining the
objectives and deadlines for achieving the goals identified.
Communication: It is important for a director to possess great communication skills. It can
decide how well a team exchanges data, making sure the organization works as a cohesive
workforce. How well a director interacts with the rest of his / her staff always dictates how
well the protocols outlined can be implemented, how well the projects and events can be done
and how effective an organization will be.
Decision-making: Decision-making is another crucial skill in management. Managers make
multiple decisions, whether intentionally or not, and decision-making is a key component of
the effectiveness of a manager. Making the right and reasonable decisions results in the
organization's achievement, while error or mediocre performance may lead to wrong or bad
decisions.
Delegation: Delegation is the act of transferring tasks and/or authorities relating to the work
to other staff or subordinates. This means allowing your or other workers' duties to be
reassigned or reassigned to other staff based on the current workload. A director with strong
management skills is able to redirect duties efficiently and effectively and give the right
workers power. This helps to achieve quick and easy outcomes when collaboration is
effectively executed. Coordination helps administrators avoid wasting time, maximizing
performance, and ensuring workers feel responsible and accountable.
Problem-solving: Another important talent is solving problems. A good manager must be
able to address and fix the frequent problems that may occur in a typical working day.
Management problem-solving requires defining a specific problem or situation and then
determining the best way to deal with the problem and determine the best response.
Motivating: Another important skill within a company is the capacity to inspire. Managers
can use increasing motivating strategies, and selecting the right ones will rely on factors such
as organizational and group culture, staff dynamics, and more. A leader can use two main
forms of inspiration. Such motives are inherent and extrinsic.

Term Paper EMIS-502 (Principles of Management) Fall-2019, 6194336006 5

Importance of Management for an Organization
Management helps to achieve the goals of the Group: Organization is made up of a
number of people working as a group. Management aims to accomplish team goals by
presenting the individual effort with a shared path.
For example, the goal of a worker is to obtain full compensation while optimizing production
is the organizational objective. Employees can achieve their goals by optimizing production
that also helps achieve corporate objectives. This is what leadership is trying to accomplish.
Management Increases the efficacy of an organization: Every manager in any
organization has the main objective of minimizing costs and increasing output through
effective planning, organization, management, staffing, controlling, etc. Efficiency increases
when less resources (i.e. inputs) are used and more benefit or output is achieved. Input
resources are men, money, materials, and machinery in any organization. Management
efficiently uses these inputs by properly allocating them to reduce waste, which ultimately
reduces costs and thus leads to higher profits.
Management Establishes a Dynamic organization: The system in which an organization
works is subject to constant transition and the individuals in the organization are fighting
change because they do not want to switch from a safe and secure environment to a different
one. An organization, according to the demands and desires of the community, must adapt
itself and its aim. To be effective, management needs to respond to these changes.
Management helps achieve personal goals: Management helps not only meet the corporate
objectives, but also the workers ' personal goals. With the aid of strategies of self-motivation
and leadership, management helps people build a spirit of cooperation, dedication and team
spirit, etc. that also helps them accomplish their personal goals.
Management supports the Society's development: An organization has a lot of
responsibilities to different groups that make it up. The cycle of achieving all the goals will
enable the organization as well as society to grow and develop. For example, providing better
quality goods and services, generating opportunities for employment, growing the nation's
wealth, providing workers with fair wages, etc. Effective management helps the organization
to fulfil all these obligations.
Management is the base for a good plan. The organization has to consider the ongoing
development carefully. In order to generate up a plan, its applicability needs to be considered,
especially in terms of time. A plan should have a long-term strategy and should include many
aspects such as external and internal environment, material and capital resources, political
issue, technology improvement, and demand and supply on the market. Therefore, for an
organization, a long-term and complicated strategy is very necessary, it defines the course of
growth of the organization. So many issues for different managers need to be prepared and
debated. If the project has shifted and doesn't mean a detailed and structured sequence of
five-year or ten-year plans anymore, the plan can't be perfect to make the corporation profit.
In many small and large organizations, so many leadership gurus and senior managers still
provide considerable support for long-term planning.

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