UNIT-III KANI’S METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF

INDETERMINATESTRUCTURES:
SUMMARY:

This method was developed by Dr. Gasper Kani of Germany in 1947. This
method offers an iterative scheme for applying slope deflection method. We shall now
see the application of Kani’s method for differentcases.

I. Beams with no translation ofjoints:

Let AB represent a beam in a frame, or a continuous structure under transverse

loading, as show in fig. 1 (a) let the M AB& MBA be the end moment at ends A & B
respectively.

Sign convention used will be: clockwise moment +ve and anticlockwise moment –ve.

The end moments in member AB may be thought of as moments developed due

to a superposition of the following three components ofdeformation.
1. The member ‘AB’ is regarded as completely fixed. (Fig. 1 b). The fixedend
moments for this condition are written as MFAB& MFBA, at ends A & B respectively.
'
2. The end A only is rotated through an angle A by a moment2 M AB inducinga
'
momentM AB
at fixed endB.
3. Next rotating the end B only through an angle Bbymoment 2M 'BA whilekeeping
'
end ‘A’ as fixed. This inducesamoment M BA at endA.

Thus the final moment MAB& MBA can be expressed as super position of three
moments

' '
MAB = MFAB+2M  M BA
AB
'
+ M 'AB ………(1)
MBA = MFBA+2M BA

For member AB we refer end ‘A’ as near end and end ‘B’ as far end. Similarly
when we refer to moment MBA, B is referred as near end and end A as far end.

Hence above equations can be stated as follows. The moment at the near end of a
member is the algebraic sum of (a) fixed end moment at near end. (b) Twice the rotation
moment of the near end (c) rotation moment of the far end.

Rotation factors:
Fig. 2 shows a multistoried frame.

Consider various members meeting at joint A. If no translations of joints occur,

applying equation (1), for the end moments at A for the various members meeting at A
are givenby:
 MAB = MFAB+2M
'
AB  M 'BA
'
MAC = MFAC+2M AC + M 'CA
'
MAD = MFAD +2M AD + M 'DA
' '
MAE = MFAE+2M AE + M EA
For equilibrium of joint A, MA = 0
'
MFAB+ 2 M AB + M' =0 ………………….(2)
BA
where ,
MFAB =Algebraic sum of fixed end moments at A of all members meeting at A.

M 'AB = Algebraic sum of rotation moments at A of all member meeting atA.

M 'BA = Algebraic sum of rotation moments of far ends of the members meeting atA.
from equation (2)
M =
' 1
 MFAB  M BA ……………… (3)
' 
AB
 2
'
We know that 2M 4EIAB
= A = 4EKABA
AB L

AB
Where KAB =
IAB
, relative stiffness of member AB
L AB
'
M AB = 2EKABA..............................(4)
'
M AB = 2EAKAB …………….(5) (At rigid joint A all the members undergo same
rotation A )

Dividing Equation (4)/(5) gives

'
M K
AB AB
=
M '
AB K AB
' K AB '
M AB = M AB ……………(5)
KAB
'
 1 value of M AB from (3)
Substituting in (5)
'
M  

KAB 
M
M
'
 
AB
2  K FAB BA

 AB


= UAB M FAB M' BA ………………(6) 
1
where UAB = - K AB
is called as rotation factor for member AB at joint A.
2 KAB
Analysis Method:
In equation (6) MFAB is a known quantity. To start with the far end rotation
'
momentsM BA are not known and hence they may be taken as zero. By asimilar
approximation the rotation moments at other joints are also determined. With the
approximate values of rotation moments computed, it is possible to again determine a
more correct value of the rotation moment at A from member AB using equation (6).

The process is carried out for sufficient number of cycles until the desired degree
of accuracy is achieved.

The final end moments are calculated using equation (1).

 QUESTION BANK

1. What is the value of rotation moment at a fixed end considered in Kani’s

method?

𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 2𝐸 𝐾𝐴𝐵 𝜃𝐴
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 2𝐸 𝐾𝐵𝐴 𝜃𝐵

2. What are the fundamental equations of Kani’s method?

∑𝑀𝑖𝑗 = ∑𝑀𝐹𝑖𝑗 + 2 ∑𝑀′ + ∑𝑀
𝑖𝑗 𝑗𝑖
=0

3. What are the limitations of Kani’s method?

 Gasper Kani of Germany gave another distribution procedure in which instead
of distributing entire moment in successive steps, only the rotation contributions
are distributed
 Basic unknown like displacements which are not found directly

4. What are the advantages of Kani’s method?

 Hardy Cross method distributed only the unbalanced moments at joints, whereas
Kani’s method distributes the total joint moment at any stage of iteration
 The more significant feature of Kani’s method is that the process is self- corrective.
Any error at any stage of iteration is corrected in subsequent steps
  Framed structures are rarely symmetric and subjected to side sway, hence Kani’s
method is best and much simpler than other methods like moment distribution
method and slope displacement method

5. Define rotation factor.

Rotation factor in Kani’s method is akin to distribution factor in moment
distribution method.
6. Define displacement factor.
∆𝑖𝑗 Is the “displacement factor” for each column, similar to 𝑢𝑖𝑗 we adopted
7. Brief about Kani’s method of analysis.
Kani’s method of analyzing indeterminate structures, particularly, building frames was
developed in Germany in the year 1947 by Dr. Gasper Kani. Like moment distribution it is a
method of solving slope deflection equations by an iterative method. Hence, this will fall under
the category of stiffness method wherein the level of difficulty would be decided by the degrees
of freedom (and not the degree of redundancy).
8. Define Kani’s method and how it is better than MDM.
Kani’s method is similar to the MDM in that both these methods use Gauss Seidel
iteration procedure to solve the slope deflection equations, without explicitly writing them down.
However the difference between Kani’s method and the MDM is that Kani’s method iterates the
member end moments themselves rather than iterating their increment Kani’s method essentially
consists of a single simple numerical operation performed repeatedly at the joints of a structure,
in a chosen sequence.

9. Write the procedure for Kani’s method.

While solving structures by this method the following steps may be kept in mind.

 Compute the fixed end moments

 Compute and tabulate all rotation factors for all joints that would have rotation.
 Fixed ends will not have rotation factors. Nor rotation contributions either to the same
(fixed end) or to the opposite end.
 Extreme simply supported ends will initially get a fixed end moment.
 Iterative process can be formed.
(Or)
 Fixed end moment
 Rotation factor
 Resultant restraint moment
 Iteration cycle
 Final moment
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Kani’s method for beams without translation of joints, is illustrated in following

examples:

Ex: 1 Analyze the beam show in fig 3 (a) by Kani’s method and draw bending

moment diagram

Solution:
a) Fixed endmoments:
2
105
MFAB =
12 = - 20.83 kNm

MFBA= + 20.83kNm2
 2531
MFBC= = - 4.69 kNm
2
4
2
MFCB= 253 1 = 14.06 kNm
42
MFCD =  40 x 5
=  25 kNm
8
MFDC = 25 kNm

b) Rotation Factors:

Relative
Jt. Member K Rotation Factor
stiffness (K)
 1 K
=- x
2 K
B BA I/5 = 0.2I -0.14
BC 2I/4 = 0.5I 0.7I -0.36
C CB 2I/4 = 0.5I -0.36
CD I/5 = 0.2I 0.7I -0.14

c) Sum fixed end moment atjoints:

MFB = 20.83 – 4.69 = 16.14 kNm
MFC = 14.06 – 25 = 10.94 kNm

The scheme for proceeding with method of rotation contribution is shown in

figure 3 (b). The FEM, rotation factors and sum of fixed end moments are entered in
appropriate places as shown in figure 3 (b).

d) IterationProcess:
Rotation contribution values at fixed ends A &D are zero. Rotation contributions
at joints B & C are initially assumed as zero arbitrarily. These values will be improved in
iteration cycles until desired degree of accuracy is achieved.

The calculations for two iteration cycles have been shown in following table. The
remaining iteration cycle values for rotation contributions along with these two have been
shown directly in figure 3 (c).

Jt B C
Rotation
M'CB M'CD
Contributio M'BA M'BC
n
Iteration 1 -0.14 (16.14+ -0.36 (16.14 +0) -0.36 (-10.94– -0.14 (-10.94 – 5.81)
0) =-2.26 = -5.81 5.81) = 2.35
 =6.03
Iteration 2 -0.36 (-10.94– -0.14 (-10.94 – 7.98)
-0.14 (16.14+ -0.36 (16.14 + 6.03)
7.98) = 2.65
6.03) =-3.1 = -7.98
= 6.81

e) Finalmoments:
MAB = - 20.83 + 0 – 3.22 = -24.05 kNm
MBA = 20.83 + 2  (-3.22) + 0 = 14.39 kNm

MBC = 4.69 + 2  (-8.3) + 6.93 =  14.36 kNm

MCB = 14.06 + (2  6.93) – 8.3 = 19.62 kNm
MCD = 25 + (2  2.69) + 0 = -19.62 kNm
MDC = 25 + 0 + 2.69 = 27.69 kNm
Ex 2: Analyze the continuous beam shown in fig. 4 (a)

Solution:
a) Fixed endmoments:
b3a  l 2.5 31.5  4
MFAB=  24 = 1.88 kNm
M  2
l
2 o
4
a3b l 1.532.5  4
MFBA = 2 M o   24  7.88kNm
l 2
4
 MFBC = 32
Mo = 8 kNm
4= 4
MFCB = Mo = 8 kNm
4 2
361 2
MFCD =  = -16 kNm
32
2
361 2
MFDC = = 8 kNm
2
3

b) Modification in fixed endmoments:

Actually end ‘D’ is a simply supported. Hence moment at D should be zero. To
make moment at D as zero apply –8 kNm at D and perform the corresponding carryover
toCD.
Modified MFDC = 8 – 8 = 0
Modified MFCD= 16 + 1 (-8) = 20 kNm
2
Now joint D will not enter the iteration process.

c) RotationFactors:
Rotation Factor
Relative 1 K
Joint Member K U=- x
stiffness (K)
2 K
B BA I/4 = 0.25I 0.5 I  0.25
BC I/4 = 0.25I 0.25
C CB I/4 = 0.25I 0.25
CD 3 I
 = 0.25I 0.5I 0.25
4 3

d) Sum of fixed end moments atjoints:

MFB = 7.88 + 8 = 15.88 kNm
MFC = 8  20 = 12kNm
 e) Iterationprocess

Joint B C
Rotation
M'CB M'CD
M'BA M'BC
Contribution
Rotation 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
factorIteration 0.25  (15.88 + 0.25  (15.88 + 0 0.25  (-12–3.97 0.25  (-12 –3.97 +
1 started atB 0 + 0) = -3.97 + 0) = -3.97 + 0) =3.97 0) = 3.97
'
assumingM
CB

= 0 &taking
'
M =0
AB
'
M =0.
DC

Iteration2 0.25  (15.88 + 0.25  (-124.96 0.25 (12 4.96 +

0 + 3.97) =  0.25  (15.88 + 0 + 0) =4.24 0)
+ 3.97) =  4.96 = 4.24
4.96

Iteration3 0.25 (12 5.03 +

0.25 (15.88 +0 0.25 (-12
0.25 (15.88 + 0 + 0)
+ 4.24) =5.03 5.03+ 0) =4.26
4.24) = 5.03 = 4.26

Iteration4 0.25 (12 5.03 +

0.25 (15.88 +0 0.25 (-12
0.25 (15.88 + 0 + 0)
+ 4.26) =5.04 5.03+ 0) =4.26
4.26) = 5.04 = 4.26
Iteration process has been stopped after 4th cycle since rotation contribution values are becoming almost
constant. Values of fixed end moments, sum of fixed end moments, rotation factors along with rotation
contribution values after end of each cycle in

FINAL MOMENTS
Final moments
Member
FEM MFij (kNm)
'
2M (kNm)
ij
1
M (kNm)
ji
M 2M' M'
Fij ij ji
(ij)
(kNm)
AB 1.88 0 -5.04 -3.16
BA 7.88 2 (-5.04) = 10.08 0 -2.2
BC 8 2 (-504) = 10.08 4.26 +2.2
CB 8 2  4.26 = 8.52 -5.04 11.48
CD -20 2 x 4.26 = 8.52 0 -11.48

BMD is shown below:

Ex 3: Analyze the continuous beam shown in fig. 5 (a) and draw BMD & SFD (VTU

January 2005 exam)

Solution:

a) Fixed endmoments:
2
5 4
MFAB=   6.67 kNm
12
MFBA = + 6.67 kNm
2
53
MFBC =  3.75 kNm
12
MFCB = + 3.75 kNm
MCD = 2.5 x 2 = 5 kNm

b) Modification in fixed endmoments:

Since MCD =  5 kNm; MCB = + 5kNm, for this add 1.25 kNm to MFCB and do the
corresponding carry over to MFBC

 Now MCB = 5 kNm

Modified MFBC = 3.75 + 1 (1.25) = 3.13 kNm
2
Now joint C will not enter in the iteration process.
c) Rotationfactors:

Rotation Factor
Relative stiffness 1 K
Jt. Member K U=- x
(K)
2 K
B BA I/4 = 0.25I  0.2
BC 3 1.5I 0.625I 0.3
 = 0. 375I
4 3
C CB 1.5I/3 = 0.5I 0.5
CD 0 0.5I 0

d) Sum of fixed end moments atjoints:

MFB = 6.67 –3.13 = 3.54 kNm

e) IterationProcess

Joint B
' '
Rotation Contribution M (kNm) M (kNm)
BA BC

Rotation factor  0.2 0.3

Iteration 1 started at B
'
takingM =0 0.2  (3.54 + 0 + 0) = 0.71  0.3  (3.54 + 0 + 0) = 1.06
AB
'
&M =0
CB

Since ‘B’ is the only joint needing rotation correction, the iteration process will
stop after first iteration. Value of FEMs, sum of FEM at joint, rotation factors along with
rotation contribution values in appropriate places is shown in fig. 5 (b)

Fig.5(b)
 (f) Final moments:

Final moments
Member
FEM MFij (kNm)
'
2M (kNm)
ij
1
M (kNm)
ji
M 2M' M'
Fij ij ji
(ij)
(kNm)
AB  6.67 0 0.71 7.38
BA 6.67 2  (-0.71) = 0 5.25
BC 3.13 2  (1.06) 0 5.25
CB +5
CD - - - 5
DC 0

FBD of each span along with reaction values which have been calculated from statics are
shown below:
BMD and SFD are shown below

II. Kani’s method for members with translatoryjoints:

Fig. 6 shows a member AB in a frame which has undergone lateral displacement
at A & B so that the relative displacement is  = BA
If ends A & B are restrained from rotation FEM corresponding to this displacement are

M ''AB M ''BA 6EI(7)

L2

When translation of joints occurs along with rotations the true end moments are given by
'
MAB = MFAB + 2M AB + M 'BA + M ''AB
'
MBA = MFBA + 2M + M 'AB + M ''BA
BA

If ‘A’ happens to be a joint where two or more members meet then from
equilibrium of joint we have
 MAB = 0
'
MFAB + 2M AB + M' +  M''AB= 0
BA
1
M
'
 M = M AB ……………(8)
' ''
AB FAB M BA
2
we know from equation (5)
K AB
M 'AB = M 'AB
KAB

Using equation (8) M

' 1
AB
= K AB

2 KAB  FAB
' ''
M BA M AB
M
= UAB
MFA M' M'' 
BA AB

= UBAM M AB M BA ……………..(9)

Similarly M 'BA FB ' ''

Using the above relationships rotation contributions can be determined by

iterative procedure. If lateral displacements are known the displacement moments can be
determined from equation (7). If lateral displacements are unknown then additional
equations have to be developed for analyzing themember.

Ex 4: In a continuous beam shown in fig.7(a). The support ‘B’ sinks by 10mm.

Determine the moments by Kani’s method & drawBMD.

Take I = 1.2 x 104 mm4& E = 2 x 105 N/mm²

Solution:

(a) Calculation of FEM:

2 5 4 12
206 6210 1.210 10 10
MFAB =  
12 6000 210 6
= 60 40
= 100 kNm
 MFBA = +60 40= 20 kNm

MFBC =  503 22 5 4
6 210 1.210 10 10
12


52
5000210 6
= 24 + 57.6
= 33.6 kNm
2 5 4 12
503  2 6 210 1.210 10 10
MFCB = + 
52 5000210 6
= 36 + 57.6
= 93.6 kNm
C & D are at same level
2
20 4
 MFCD=  26.67
kNm12
MFDC = + 26.67 kNm

b) Modification in fixed endmoments:

Since end ‘D’ is a simply supported, moment at ‘D’ is zero. To make moment at
D as zero apply a moment of  26.67 kNm at end D and perform the corresponding carry
over toCD.

 Modified MFDC = + 26.67 26.67 = 0

Modified MFCD =  26.67 + 1 (26.67)
2
= 40 kNm

Other FEMs will be same as calculated earlier. Now joint ‘D’ will not enter the iteration
process.

c) Rotationfactors:

Rotation Factor
Relative stiffness 1 K
Joint Member K U=- x
(K)
2 K
B BA I/6 = 0.17 I 0.23
0.37 I
BC I/5 = 0.2 I 0.27
C CB I/5 = 0.2I 0.26
CD 3 0.39I
x I/4 = 0.19 I 0.24
4
 d) Sum of fixed endmoments:

MFB = 20 + 33.6 = 53.6 kNm

MFC= 93.6 40 = 53.6 kNm

e) Iterationprocess:

Joint B C
' '
Rotation ' ' M (kNm) M (kNm)
M (kNm) M (kNm) CB CD
BA BC
Contribution
Rotationfactor 0.23 0.27 0.26 0.24
Iteration 1 0.23  (53.6 + 0.27 x (53.6 + 0.26(53.6– 0.24 (53.6  14.47)
(Started at Bby 0 + 0) = 12.33 0+0)=14.47
takingM
'
=0 14.47+ 0) =10.17 10.96= 9.39
AB
and assuming
'
M =0
CB
Iteration2 0.23 (53.6  0.26 (53.611.73) 0.24 (53.6 11.73)
0.27 (53.6 10.17)
10.17) = 10.00 = 11.73 =10.05
=10.89
0.23 0.24 (53.6 11.53)
Iteration3 0.26 (53.611.53)
(53.610.89) 0.27 (53.6 10.89) =10.10
=10.94
= 9.82 =11.53
0.23 (53.6 0.24 (53.6 11.52)
Iteration4 0.26 (53.611.52)
10.94) 0.27 (53.6 10.94) = 10.1
=10.94
= 9.81 = 11.52

Iteration process has been stopped after fourth cycle since rotation contribution values are
becoming almost constant. Values of FEMs, sum of fixed end moments, rotation factors
along with rotation contribution values after end of each cycle in appropriate places has
been shown in Fig. 7 (b).
Final moments
Final moments
Member FEM MFij '
2M (kNm)
ij
1
M (kNm)
ji
M 2M M 
' '

(ij) (kNm) Fij ij ji

(kNm)
AB  100 0 9.81 109.81
BA 20 2  (-9.81)= -19.62 0 +0.38
BC 33.6 2 11.52) = 23.04 10.94 0.38
CB 93.6 2  (10.94) = 21.88 11.52 60.2
CD 40 2  (10.1) = 20.2 0 60.2
DC 0 0 0 0

f) BMD is shownbelow:

109.81

60.2

0.38

50x3x2/5 = 60
20x6² / 8 = 90 20x4²/8 = 40KNM
KNM
KNM
III) Analysis of frames with no translation ofjoints:
The frames, in which lateral translations are prevented, are analyzed in the same
way as continuous beams. The lateral sway is prevented either due to symmetry of frame
and loading or due to support conditions. The procedure is illustrated in following
example.
Example-5. Analyze the frame shown in Figure 8 (a) by Kani’s method. Draw BMD.
(VTU Jan 2005 Exam).

Fig-8(a)
Solution:
(a) Fixed endmoments:
MFAB = MFBA = MFCD = MFDC = 0
2
- 40x6
MFBC= = -120kNm.
12
MFCB = +120kNm.

(b) Rotation factors:

Rotation factor
Joint Member Relative Stiffness (k) k
= -½k/k
B BC 3I/6 =0.5I 0.83I -0.3
BA I/3 =0.33I -0.2
C CB 3I/6 =0.5I 0.83I -0.3
CD I/3 =0.33I -0.2
(c) Sum ofFEM:
MFB = -120+0 =-120
MFC = 120+0 =+120
(d) Iteration process:
Joint B C
Rotation
M’BA M’BC M’CB M’CD
Contribution
Rotation
-0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2
Factor
Iteration 1 -0.2(-120+0) -0.3(-120+0) -0.2(120+36+0) -0.2(120+36+0)
stated with =24 =36 = -46.8 = -31.2
end B taking
M’AB=0 and
assuming
M’CB=0
Iteration 2 -0.2(-120-46.8) -0.3(-120-46.8) -0.3(120+50.04) -0.2(120+50.04)
=33.6 =50.04 = -51.01 = -34.01
Iteration 3 -0.2(-120-51.01) -0.3(-120-51.01) -0.3(120+51.3) -0.2 (120+51.3)
=34.2 =51.3 = -51.39 = -34.26
Iteration 4 -0.2(-120-51.39) -0.3(-120-51.39) -0.3(120+51.42) -0.2 (120+51.42)
=34.28 =51.42 = -51.43 =-34.28

The fixed end moments, sum of fixed and moments, rotation factors along with
rotation contribution values at the end of each cycle in appropriate places is shown in
figure 8(b).

Fig-8(b)
(e) Finalmoments:
Member (kNm) Final moment =
MFij 2M’ij (kNm) M’ji (kNm)
(ij) MFij + 2M’ij + M’ji
AB 0 0 34.28 34.28
BA 0 2 x 34.28 0 68.56
BC -120 2 x 51.42 -51.43 -68.59
CB 120 2 x (-51.43) 51.42 68.56
CD 0 2 x (-34.28) 0 -68.56
DC 0 0 -34.28 -34.28

BMD is shown below in figure-8 (c)

Fig-8 (c)
 IV) Analysis of symmetrical frames under symmetricalloading:
Considerable calculation work can be saved if we make use of symmetry of
frames and loading especially when analysis is done manually. Two cases of symmetry
arise, namely, frames in which the axis of symmetry passes through the centerline of the
beams and frames with the axis of symmetry passing through columnline.

Case-1: (Axis of symmetry passes through center of beams):

Let AB be a horizontal member of the frame through whose center, axis of
symmetry passes. Let Mab and Mba be the end moments. Due to symmetry of deformation
Mab and Mba are numerically equal but are opposite in theirsense.

A = Slope due to Mab + slope due to Mba

Mabl Mbal Mabl
= 3EI + 6EI = 2EI

Let this member be replaced by member AB’ whose end A will undergo the
rotation A due to moment Mab applied at A, the end B’ being fixed.

Mabl'
A =
4EI'

Hence for equality of rotations between original member AB and the substitute
member AB’
Mabl Mabl'
2EI  4EI'
I 2I'
l = l'
 K = 2K’
K
 K’ =
2

Thus if K is the relative stiffness of original member AB, this member can be
replaced by substitute member AB’ having relative stiffness K
. With this substitute
2
member, the analysis need to be carried out for only, one half of the frame considering
line of symmetry as fixed.
Example-6: Analyze the frame given in example-5 by using symmetry conditionby
Kani’s method.
Solution:
Since symmetry axis passes through center of beam only one half of frame as
shown in figure 9 (a) will be considered

Fig-9(a)

 Rotation factors
UBA = - 1 x (0.33I / 0.33I + 0.25I) =-0.28
2
1
UBC = - x (0.25I / 0.33I + 0.25I) =-0.22
2
The calculation of rotation contribution values is shown directly in figure-9(b)

Fig-9(b)
 Here we can see that rotation contributions are obtained in the first iteration only.
The final moments for half the frame are shown in figure 9(c) and for full frame are
shown in figure 9(d).

Fig-9(c)

Fig-9(d)

Example-7: Analyze the frame shown in figure 10(a) by Kani’s method.

Fig-10(a)

Solution:
Analysis will be carried out taking the advantage of symmetry
(a) Fixed endmoments:
MFcd = -[(20 x 1 x 32 / 42) + (20 x 3 x 12 / 42)] = -15kNm
MFbe = -24 x 42 / 12 = -32 kNm.
 The substitute frame is shown in figure 10(b)
D’
KCD’ = 1 x 2I = I
244

Fig-10(b)

2I =I
Kba =
42

(b) Rotation factors:

1K
Joint Member Relative Stiffness K k Rotation factors = –
2 ΣK
B BA 2I/4 5I/4 -1/5
BE’ 1 4I -1/5
x =I / 2
2 4
BC I/4 1
- 10
C CB I/4 2I/4 -1/4
CD’ 1 2I I -1/4
2x 4= 4

Rotation contributions calculated by iteration process are directly shown in figure-10(c).

'

Fig-10(c)
'
The calculation of final moments for the substitute frame is shown in figure-10(d)

Fig-10(d)

Figure-10(e) shows final end moments for the entire frame.

Fig-10(e)
Case 2: When the axis of symmetry passes through the column:
This case occurs when the number of bays is an even number. Due to symmetry
of the loading and frame, the joints on the axis of symmetry will not rotate. Hence it is
sufficient if half the frame is analyzed. The following example illustrates theprocedure.

Example-8: Analyze the frame shown in figure-11(a) by Kani’s method, taking advantage
of symmetry and loading.

Fig-11(a)
Solution:
Only half frame as shown in figure-11(b) will be considered for the analysis.

Fig-11(b)
(a) Fixed endmoments: 2
120 x 6
MFBE= - = - 360kNm
12
2
120 x6
MFCD = - = - 360kNm
12
(b) Rotation factors:
Rotation factors = –
Relative 1 K
Joint Member k
Stiffness k
2 ΣK
B BA I/3 7I/6 -1/7
BE 3I/6 = I/2 -3/14
BC I/3 -1/7
C CB I/3 5I/6 -1/5
CD 3I/6 = I/2 -3/10

(c) Iteration process:

The iteration process for calculation of rotation contribution values at C & B was
carried up to four cycles and values for each cycle are shown in figure-11(c).

Fig-11(c)
 Final moments calculations for half the frame are shown in figure-11(d) and final
end moments of all the members of the frame are shown in figure-11(e).

Fig-4(d)

Fig-11(d)

Fig-11(e)