Application For Obtaining Evidence
Application For Obtaining Evidence
Application For Obtaining Evidence
DILLIAN WHYTE, )
)
Petitioner, ) Civil Case No. 1:21-MC-23271-DPG
)
v. )
)
WORLD BOXING COUNCIL, INC., )
)
Respondent. )
)
_____________________________________ )
Applicant Dillian Whyte, a highly ranked professional boxer, and the World Boxing Council,
submits this Application for an order for discovery pursuant to 28 U.S.C. section 1782 (“the
Application”) from WBC, which resides in this district, for the limited purpose of obtaining
information and evidence for use in an arbitration proceeding currently pending before the Court
of Arbitration for Sport (“CAS”) in Lausanne, Switzerland concerning a contract between Mr.
Whyte and the WBC that the WBC has breached as well as in potential future proceedings between
the parties which are pending at a preliminary stage but may end with a CAS arbitration. Mr. Whyte
needs this relief on an expedited basis because of the pendency of deadlines in the CAS arbitration
1
The factual background is set forth in the simultaneously submitted declarations of Mr. Whyte,
Mr. Whyte’s counsel in the CAS proceeding, Nicholas Zbinden, Esq., and Mr. Whyte’s counsel in
this Application, Victoria Brieant, Esq. The declarations of Messrs. Whyte and Zbinden and of Ms.
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The discovery requested is narrowly tailored. Mr. Whyte seeks two individual depositions of
WBC officers, and one Rule 30(b)(6) deposition of the WBC. Mr. Whyte also seeks responses to
ten requests for production of documents. The WBC is found within this District so the Court has
jurisdiction over it and Mr. Whyte has otherwise met the requirements of the statute authorizing
THE PARTIES
Mr. Whyte
Mr. Whyte is a professional boxer of considerably high standing. He is one of the most
accomplished heavyweight boxers actively fighting in the world today and is consistently ranked
at the very top of the tables. See generally Whyte Decl. paras. 1-8.
Mr. Whyte is Jamaican by birth and moved to the United Kingdom at a young age. He used
combat sports as a way to deal with an economically challenged childhood living in rough
neighborhoods in Jamaica and South London. His dedication to this craft has proven fruitful; Mr.
Whyte is a successful combat athlete by any measure, whether as a boxer, a former kickboxer, or
a mixed martial artist. His professional boxing record is 28 wins (of which 19 were knockouts and
three were over former World Champions) and 2 losses, which followed a brief but successful
amateur career in which he won all seven of his fights, including, in his very first boxing match,
an emphatic victory over current unified world heavyweight champion, Anthony Joshua. He has
held the WBC interim world heavyweight title since March 2021, having previously held the title
from 2019 to 2020, prior to which he held the WBC silver world title from 2017.
At the regional level, he has held multiple heavyweight boxing titles, including all the other
Brieant will be referred to herein as “Whyte Decl.”, “Zbinden Decl.” and “Brieant Decl.”,
respectively, followed by the pertinent paragraph number of the cited declaration and the pertinent
exhibit attached to that declaration if appropriate.
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WBC titles which he was eligible for and, from 2016 to 2017, the prestigious British “Lonsdale
Belt”. Mr. Whyte has been continuously ranked as a top 10 heavyweight by Ring Magazine in
their widely respected rankings for over 240 weeks. Currently, Ring Magazine ranks him as the
number 3 heavyweight in the world, having previously ranked him as high as number 2. The
website www.boxrec.com, widely used by those in the boxing industry and in fact relied upon by
the WBC for its own rankings, has Mr. Whyte ranked as the number 2 heavyweight fighter in the
world, and has delisted Tyson Fury and Deontay Wilder because of their failure to fight at all
since February 2020 (more on this later). The Transnational Boxing Rankings Board rates him the
number 3 heavyweight in the world. Although as a WBC champion, most of the other sanctioning
bodies do not currently include him within their rankings, the one such body that does, the
International Boxing Organization, has him at number one (pursuant to their “objective,
comprehensive, computerized rankings” which they maintain “are the most reliable in the sport”).
His knockout-to-win percentage stands at 68%. Mr. Whyte is also a former kickboxing champion,
having held the BIKMA British super-heavyweight title and the European K1 title, and he has
professional athlete, a veteran pugilist, and a superior heavyweight boxer in the highest class and of
THE WBC
The WBC is one of several sanctioning bodies in professional boxing that offer titles and
belts in various weight classes and have assumed for themselves the ability to order fighters to
fight in accordance with their directives for the titles and belts that they offer. Mr. Whyte has been
a loyal fighter within the WBC system, relying on and adhering to the WBC Rules and
Regulations and the WBC Constitution, which is how he has achieved success and the WBC’s
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Internal Revenue Service, has its principal place of business, as listed in its annual publicly
available filing with the Internal Revenue Service (its required IRS Form 990), at 2688 SW 137th
Ave., Miami, FL 33175, which address is within this district. Brieant Decl. para. 2, and Exhibit
(“Ex.”) A. The WBC designates that same address as its principal place of business and as the
address for its registered agent for service of process on its corporate formation and annual report
documents on file with the Florida Secretary of State. Brieant Decl. para. 3, and Exs. B & C. For
all times relevant hereto, the WBC was and is found within this district.
In this Application, Mr. Whyte and the WBC shall be referred to singularly as “Party” and
collectively as “Parties”.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
In June 2020, after many years of patiently waiting to be ordered as the mandatory fight for
the WBC heavyweight division, and watching the WBC act arbitrarily and capriciously with
respect to him despite his objective record, obvious success, and other facts, Mr. Whyte filed a
grievance against the WBC relating to its failure to order him, as the long-standing number one
ranked and designated mandatory challenger as well as the then interim champion of the WBC
heavyweight division, to be the mandatory fight for the then-WBC heavyweight champion (“the
June 2020 Grievance”). Under the WBC Rules and Regulations, Mr. Whyte was required to file
Mr. Whyte first became the number one ranked heavyweight in the WBC rankings in early
November 2017, which status should have afforded Mr. Whyte the opportunity to fight the
champion within a year. Instead, in highly irregular fashion, the WBC 1) leapfrogged Mr. Whyte
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in favour of a lesser contender in Dominic Breazeale, and then after finally confirming Mr. Whyte
as the mandatory challenger, sidelined Mr. Whyte by ceding his position to another less deserving
contender in Tyson Fury. Mr. Whyte alleged, among other things, that the WBC had improperly
refused to order the then heavyweight division champion of the WBC to fight Mr. Whyte over a
As a result of his mistreatment by the WBC, Mr. Whyte sought the following relief in the
a. That the decision of the WBC to not confirm Mr. Whyte’s rights and to suggest
bases for postponement, as set forth in the letter from Alberto Leon, Esq. . . ., dated
May 27, 2020, be annulled; and
b. That the relief requested in [the] letter to Mr. Sulaiman of May 15, 2020 be
granted, specifically that:
i. The WBC will promptly confirm in writing that Mr. Whyte shall have
his fight as mandatory challenger no later than February 2021;
ii. The WBC will notify the promoters involved in the speculated Fury,
Joshua, and Wilder fights that no WBC sanction will be granted for their fights
unless such a proposed bout occurs on or before October 31, 2020, is a voluntary
defense of the WBC title, and allows for no rematch;
iii. That the WBC will order that the then WBC champion must then fight
Mr. Whyte no later than February 28, 2021; and
iv. That the WBC will order that the then WBC Champion enter
negotiations for the mandatory defense against Mr. Whyte on November 1, 2020 to
be concluded by November 30, 2020 with purse bids to follow immediately after if
no agreement is reached, with such bid deadlines timed to ensure that Mr. Whyte’s
mandatory fight shall occur no later than February 2021.”
Mr. Whyte also sought copies of certain documents that were specifically identified in the
June 2020 Grievance (Mr. Whyte never received the requested documents and in fact as late as a
few weeks ago the WBC has insisted it has no obligation to provide the requested documents or
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///
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Before it went to a hearing or determination, the parties were able to settle the June 2020
Grievance on the basis of an agreement between them. That settlement agreement, dated 19 July
PREAMBLE
This document sets out the agreement between the World Boxing Council ("WBC")
and Mr. Dillian Whyte, and includes the Order that the WBC Board of Governors
will consider and vote upon in connection with the status of the WBC Heavyweight
Division.
BACKGROUND
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RULING
2. The day after the Fury v. Wilder III bout or, if this has not
occurred by then, on December 21, 2020, the WBC will issue an order
starting a 30-day free negotiation period for the mandatory bout between the
then WBC World Champion and the Mandatory Challenger Dillian Whyte,
consistent with Rule 2.8 of the WBC Rules & Regulations. The WBC shall
not grant any extension of any deadline set forth in that rule (or any other rule
in the Purse Offer Procedures section of the WBC Rules & Regulations)
without the express agreement in writing of the WBC World Champion and
the Mandatory Challenger.
5. The promoter who earns the right to promote the mandatory bout
as a result of the purse offer shall adhere strictly to the post-purse offer
ceremony activities and deadlines set forth in the WBC Rules & Regulations.
6. In the event that the then WBC World Champion fails to obey, or
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takes any steps inconsistent with, the WBC order to fulfill his mandatory
obligation as set forth herein and in the WBC Rules & Regulations, then the
WBC shall (1) determine that the WBC World Champion has automatically
forfeited his title, which title shall become vacant, and (2) immediately name
Mr. Whyte as the WBC World Heavyweight Champion.
8. The WBC will honor its public position that it will not consider
a request to designate anyone in the Heavyweight Division as Franchise
Champion before the division's current mandatory obligations are met.
10. The WBC and Mr. Whyte have agreed to take all available
reasonable steps to ensure that the contents of this Order of the Board of
Governors agreement is fulfilled and followed as written, failing which each side
reserves all rights, including, in the case of Mr. Whyte, the right to reinstate his
grievance without needing to pay the fee set out in rule 5.2 again.”
Brieant Decl. para. __ and Ex. __. The effect of the Settlement Agreement was to bestow the next
mandatory fight on Mr. Whyte come what may in recognition of the poor treatment Mr. Whyte had
suffered at the hands of the WBC previously. Mr. Whyte spent over 1000 days at the top of the
WBC rankings, the highest ranked contender as unassailable number 1, without being afforded the
right to fight the champion. This was the context for and effect of the Settlement Agreement.
In an effort to remain active as a fighter, and consistent with his spirit of not shying away
from fighting but always seeking new opportunities in the ring, Mr. Whyte agreed to fight
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Alexander Povetkin in August 2020 in England. Mr. Whyte was not required to do this fight, nor
was it contemplated to have any effect under the Settlement Agreement (it is not even mentioned).
This fight was known to the WBC well before Mr. Whyte filed his grievance, and certainly during
the Parties’ negotiations over the Settlement Agreement. This fight had been scheduled and
announced for May 2020 (before the filing of the grievance) but then had to be moved to a later
date as a result of the pandemic. The WBC was well-aware of the existence of this fight because
while the parties were negotiating the Settlement Agreement the WBC was inquiring of Mr.
Whyte’s team on the status of the promoter Matchroom Boxing’s request for the WBC sanction
for this fight. At no time was any condition placed in the Settlement Agreement, and Mr. Whyte’s
rights thereunder, relating to the Whyte-Povetkin fight or depending on its outcome. In fact, the
Settlement Agreement was silent on anything relating to the previously scheduled but later
Mr. Whyte fought Mr. Povetkin in August 2020 and despite leading for the first 4 rounds (with
multiple knockdowns of Mr. Povetkin), Mr. Whyte was knocked out by a single punch from Mr.
Povetkin at the start of the fifth round, despite Mr. Whyte leading through the first four rounds.
Relying on this, the WBC later failed to honor the commitments it made in the Settlement
Agreement, when, in December 2020, on the dates set forth in the Settlement Agreement, it failed
to undertake the contractually required acts to initiate the mandatory fight between Mr. Whyte
and the then WBC heavyweight champion. Mr. Whyte later beat Mr. Povetkin in a brutal early
Mr. Whyte brought the WBC’s breach of the Settlement Agreement to the attention of the
WBC in December 2020, and the parties engaged in efforts to attempt to resolve matters from then
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As a result of the Parties’ inability to resolve their dispute, the CAS, based in Switzerland,
is the dispute resolution mechanism identified for disputes with the WBC as recognized as such
in the WBC Rules and Regulations (the WBC has not disputed the CAS’ jurisdiction in the CAS
The three-person arbitration panel has been established by the CAS (the parties each were
able to select one and those two were able to select the third), and no objections to the panel’s
composition have been made. Zbinden Decl. ¶ 2. The CAS Code of Sport-related Arbitration
(“CAS Rules”) require the parties to maintain the confidentiality of proceedings before it (Zbinden
Decl. ¶ 11); as a result, Mr. Whyte is not filing here the CAS-filed documents of the parties but
would be pleased to provide them at an evidentiary hearing with the Court or to file those
documents under seal should the Court seek to review those documents.
In addition, Mr. Whyte has filed a grievance with the WBC based on the WBC’s refusal to
grant his petition seeking that the WBC champion, Mr. Tyson Fury, be put in recess for not
fighting with the frequency required by the WBC Rules and Regulations and that Mr. Whyte be
elevated to either the champion status or to be ordered to a fight with Deontay Wilder to determine
Article III of the WBC Rules and Regulations provides in pertinent part that:
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3.2 Recognition Subject to Forfeit. A champion who does not defend his title
within the periods set forth herein shall forfeit his title…. Further, the WBC may
also withdraw recognition of a mandatory or qualifying challenger for inactivity or
failure to engage in any bout ordered by the WBC. A WBC champion may not
compete for [or] hold a championship of another organization unless permitted by
the WBC in its sole discretion.” (emphasis added).
*Cite [Emphasis added.] In these sections of Article III, the clearly articulated WBC policy
provides that champions must keep fighting on a regular schedule at least 3 times per year, or every
120 days unless the WBC gives special dispensation. We have seen no evidence that the WBC has
apparently given that dispensation to Fury and can think of no legitimate reason why it would. The
second part of the rule makes clear that a champion who does not fight the requisite number of
times per year “shall forfeit his title”, unless the WBC otherwise permits. Mr. Fury has not fought
in nearly 17 months. By the time that the rescheduled Wilder-Fury III bout occurs, if it ever does
(d) other controversy or circumstances whether or not beyond the control of the
boxer or the WBC.
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title defense obligations. In the event that a champion fails to notify the WBC in a
timely manner of such circumstances, the WBC may take appropriate actions
including vacating the title or imposing other penalties.” (emphasis added).
*CITE* In sum, this rule empowers – if not effectively, particularly in view of numerous
precedents (discussed in detail below), obliges - the WBC to declare the championship vacant and
order a bout or bouts to fill the newly vacant title, or in the particular circumstances of this case to
Article III continues, providing an alternate designation for a champion who is unable to
3.21 Champion in Recess. In certain cases, under the preceding Rule, the WBC
may in its discretion designate a Champion as a “Champion in Recess,” such
that upon the boxer’s return, he will qualify to box for the championship as an elite
contender for the new champion, or as the returning champion. The WBC may order
or permit a returning Champion in Recess to box directly for the title in a mandatory
or voluntary contest, or to box one or more Qualified Challengers in order to retain
his status as Champion in Recess. A Champion in Recess may return as a mandatory
challenger, but only upon the specific determination and written approval of such
status by the WBC Board of Governors, which may approve or deny such request
in its sole discretion.” (emphasis added).
These rules are not merely words, they provide substantive rights to boxers upon which they come
to reasonably rely and upon which they expect to be able to rely, and upon which courts have found
they should be able to rely, in the conduct of their very limited, difficult, and dangerous careers.
In Duva v. WBA, 548 F. Supp 710 (D.N.J. 1982), a case which changed the playing field
entirely with respect to the mandatory rights of Boxers, the court wrote:
There is no question that a professional boxer like Ayala is entitled to rely on his ranking
and on the benefits that go with it under the WBA Regulations. Nothing can obscure the
fact that Ayala’s position as the third-ranked fighter in his weight class was earned only
after a grueling struggle. No court can be oblivious to the kind of day in and day out
punishment to which boxers subject themselves in order to become champions.
Demonstrating the most demanding kind of physical discipline, they literally pound away,
at great physical danger, in a single-minded effort to move up in the rankings. The WBA’s
ranking of plaintiff as the Number Three contender is its recognition of his dedication and
success in advancing within the ranks. In the truest sense, Ayala has earned his ranking by
sweat and blood.
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Regulation 6 of the WBA Regulations is a means of guaranteeing that the ranking that a
fighter has struggled to achieve means something. Regulation 6 is the WBA’s commitment
to the athletes it oversees that the road to the top will be fair; that, under the circumstances
under which Moore holds his title, mandatory title defenses will go to fighters in the order
in which they are ranked. This reading of Regulation 6 can come as no surprise to anyone,
and least of all to the WBA. The preamble to its Regulations dedicates itself to ensuring
that “all those boxers” who “by their contributions of time, effort, risk and resources sustain
the profession in existence” have the benefit of a ‘firm, intelligent and objectively
administered control of the World Championships of boxing.’ Regulations, Preamble, ¶¶ 3,
4.
The language of Regulation 6 is clear and unambiguous: it means that plaintiff Ayala should
be able to rely on the fact that as the third-ranked contender, two and only two men now
stand between him and his turn for the title. This Court has no doubt that Ayala has a
protectible property interest, as created by the WBA in Regulation 6, in having the
opportunity to fight for the championship before any lower-ranked boxer.” (emphasis
added).
The Duva court focused on the rights of boxers to their rankings and the rights, based on reliance
on the rule and expectancy coming from those rules, which come with those rankings. Just as Ayala
earned his ranking by “sweat and blood”, so too has Mr. Whyte, albeit far more compellingly.
In Schultz v. Botha, IBF, 105 F3rd 127 (1997), the rights of a mandatory contender where
a champion had taken steroids in the prior bout were at issue. That case held that there was a
common law right through the law of private associations for fighters to be treated fairly by ranking
organizations (this ruling based on US law is consistent with Swiss law principles, and numerous
Court of Arbitration for Sport precedents, on private associations and how those private
associations must relate to their athletes and members (and the WBC has adopted Swiss law and
the Court of Arbitration for Sport’s jurisdiction in the WBC Rules and Regulations as a result of
As a result of these two cases, numerous, later champion, fighters got their title
opportunities when Courts (or arbitrators) upheld their rights, including Evander Holyfield, Lennox
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Mr. Whyte’s dispute is not the WBC’s first brush with the law as a result of it not following
its own rules. For example, in Rocchigiani v. World Boxing Council, Inc., 131 F. Supp. 2d 527
(S.D.N.Y. 2001), the court noted that, “Although the old adage is that one should roll with the
punches, the wholly arbitrary and unfair conduct of the defendant in this case would leave anyone
down for the proverbial count”, finding that the WBC, led by Jose Sulaiman the father of the
current WBC President, failed to apply its rules reasonably. The verdict in this case was so high
that it threatened to bankrupt the WBC until the WBC was able to reach a settlement with Mr.
RELIEF REQUESTED
Pursuant to 1782 of Title 28 of the U.S. Code, Mr. Whyte respectfully requests that
this Court enter an Order compelling the issuance of subpoenas for the production of the
documents listed in Exhibit F to the Brieant Decl. within thirty (30) days of service of a
deposition(s) requested in Exhibit E to the Brieant Decl. within ten (10) days after the
deadline for WBC’s production of the documents; and further ordering WBC to preserve
the evidence sought by Mr. Whyte in its original form in order to insure that the evidence
CONCLUSION
WHEREFORE, For the reasons set forth in this Petition and as explained in the
Zbinden given that all of the relevant legal requirements have been met, Mr. Whyte
respectfully requests that the Court grant this Application pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1782,
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compelling the production of the documents listed in Exhibit F to the Brieant Decl., within
thirty (30) days of service of a subpoena commanding the production of documents by the
WBC, permitting the depositions requested in Exhibit E to the Brieant Decl., within eleven
(11) days after the deadline for the production of the documents by WBC; and directing WBC
to duly preserve all evidence related to the subject matter of this Application.
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