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    Toxicology: CH153 Q3 AY2021

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    Astra Beckett
    Toxicology is defined as the qualitative and quantitative study of the adverse effects of toxicants, or poisons, on biological organisms. Toxicants can enter organisms through various routes including ingestion, inhalation, injection, and dermal absorption. They are then eliminated through excretion pathways like the kidneys, liver, and lungs or through detoxification processes. Toxicants can cause both reversible and irreversible effects on organisms, impacting organs like the skin, blood, liver, kidneys, nervous system, lungs, and reproductive system.

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    Toxicology: CH153 Q3 AY2021

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    Astra Beckett
    25 views11 pages
    Toxicology is defined as the qualitative and quantitative study of the adverse effects of toxicants, or poisons, on biological organisms. Toxicants can enter organisms through various routes including ingestion, inhalation, injection, and dermal absorption. They are then eliminated through excretion pathways like the kidneys, liver, and lungs or through detoxification processes. Toxicants can cause both reversible and irreversible effects on organisms, impacting organs like the skin, blood, liver, kidneys, nervous system, lungs, and reproductive system.

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    02-1-Toxicolgy Introduction

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    Toxicology is defined as the qualitative and quantitative study of the adverse effects of toxicants, or poisons, on biological organisms. Toxicants can enter organisms through various routes including ingestion, inhalation, injection, and dermal absorption. They are then eliminated through excretion pathways like the kidneys, liver, and lungs or through detoxification processes. Toxicants can cause both reversible and irreversible effects on organisms, impacting organs like the skin, blood, liver, kidneys, nervous system, lungs, and reproductive system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    25 views11 pages

    Toxicology: CH153 Q3 AY2021

    Uploaded by

    Astra Beckett
    Toxicology is defined as the qualitative and quantitative study of the adverse effects of toxicants, or poisons, on biological organisms. Toxicants can enter organisms through various routes including ingestion, inhalation, injection, and dermal absorption. They are then eliminated through excretion pathways like the kidneys, liver, and lungs or through detoxification processes. Toxicants can cause both reversible and irreversible effects on organisms, impacting organs like the skin, blood, liver, kidneys, nervous system, lungs, and reproductive system.

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    of 11

    TOXICOLOGY

    CH153
    Q3 AY2021

    1
    Toxicology
    Toxicology is the science of poisons.
    Quantity and variety
    of chemicals All substances are poisons; there is none which is
    not a poison. The right dose differentiates a
    poison and a remedy.
    - Paracelsus, 1500s
    the way the way the effects methods to
    1

    4
    toxicants toxicants of toxicants prevent or
    enter are on reduce the
    biological eliminated biological entry of
    organisms from organisms toxicants
    biological into
    organisms biological
    organisms

    2
    Toxicology defined
    There are no harmless substances, only harmless ways of using substances.
    Toxicology is the qualitative and quantitative
    study of the adverse effects of toxicants on
    biological organisms.
    Toxicity
    • a property of the agent describing its effect on biological
    organisms

    Toxic Hazard
    • the likelihood of damage to biological organisms based on
    exposure resulting from transport and other physical factors
    of usage

    3
    4
    How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms

    5
    How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms
    Entry Route Remarks Method for Control
    Ingestion Enforcement of rules on
    (Mouth or • Modified and excreted in bile eating, drinking and
    Stomach) smoking
    • Most significant to industrial facilities
    Ventilation, respirators,
    Inhalation • Easiest to quantify
    hoods and other
    (Mouth or Nose) • Result in the toxicant entering the
    bloodstream unaltered
    PPEs

    • Result in the toxicant entering the


    Injection Proper protective
    bloodstream unaltered
    (Cuts on the Skin) clothing
    • Difficult to measure and quantify

    • Most significant to industrial facilities


    Dermal Absorption • Result in the toxicant entering the Proper protective
    (Skin) bloodstream unaltered clothing
    • Difficult to measure and quantify
    6
    How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms

    Toxic blood level


    concentration as a
    function of route
    exposure

    7
    How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms

    8
    How Toxicants are Eliminated from Biological Organisms

    Excretion Detoxification Storage

    • kidney • biotransformation • fatty tissue


    • liver • bones
    • lungs • liver
    • other organs • kidney

    9
    Effects of Toxicants on Biological Organisms

    IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS MAY OR MAY NOT BE REVERSIBLE


    Carcinogen causes cancer Dermatotoxic affects skin
    Mutagen causes chromosome Hemotoxic affects the blood
    damage Hepatotoxic affects the liver
    Reproductive causes damage to Nephrotoxic affects the kidneys
    Hazard the reproductive Neurotoxic affects the nervous
    system system
    Teratogen causes birth defects Pulmonotoxic affects the lungs

    10
    END OF THIS PART

    CH153
    Q3 AY2021

    11

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