01-2-Accident and Loss Statistics

ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS
CH153
Q3 AY 2020-2021
1
PERSONNEL SAFETY VS PROCESS SAFETY
Personnel Safety Process Safety
Accident prevention through use of Loss prevention through hazard identification,
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) technical evaluation and design of new
engineering features to prevent loss
Measured by Lagging and Leading Indicators Measured by Personnel Injury Statistics
Lagging Indicators • rely on events that have occurred

• i.e., occurrence of fires, explosions, equipment failures
Leading Indicators • predict the likelihood of an accident before it occurs
• i.e., % overdue equipment inspections
Personnel Injury • OSHA Incidence Rate

Statistics • Fatal Incidence Rate
• Fatality Rate
2
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Definitions
First Aid Incident Rate

One-time treatment and follow up Number of occupational injuries
visits for the purpose of and/or illnesses or lost workdays
observation of minor scratches, per 100 full-time employees
cuts, burns, splinters that do not
require medical care Lost Work Days
Medical Treatment Number of days not including the
day of injury or illness which the
Treatment administered by a
employee would have worked but
physician, does not include first aid
could not do so because of
treatment
occupational injury or illness
3
Occupational Injury Recordable Cases

Any injury (cut, sprain or burn) that Cases involving an occupational
results from a work accident or injury or illness
from a single instantaneous
exposure in the work environment Recordable Fatality Cases
Injuries that result in death,
Occupational Illness regardless of the time between the
Any abnormal condition or injury and death or the length of
disorder caused by exposure to the illness
environmental factors associated
with employment
4
Recordable Non Fatal Cases Recordable Lost Workday Cases

Without Lost Workdays Due to Restricted Duty
Cases of occupational injury or Injuries that result in the injured
illness that do not involve fatalities person not being able to perform
or lost workdays but do result in their regular duties but being able
(1) transfer to another job or to perform duties consistent with
termination of employment or (2) their normal work
medical treatment other than first
did or (3) diagnosis of occupational Recordable Cases with Days Away
illness or (4) loss of consciousness from Work
Injuries that result in the injured
person not being able to return to
work on their next regular workday
5
Examples of statistical methods to characterize accident and loss performance
• OSHA incidence rate
• FAR
• Fatality rate, or deaths per person per year
Note: These methods only provide averages and do not reflect the potential for single
episodes involving substantial losses. NO single method is capable of measuring all
required aspects.
6
OSHA Incidence Rate (based on injuries and illnesses)
No. of injuries and illness ´ 200,000

OSHA incidence rate (based on illness and injuries) =
Total hr worked by all employees
during period covered
OSHA Incidence Rate (based on lost workdays)
No. of lost workdays ´ 200,000

OSHA incidence rate (based on lost workdays) =
Total hr worked by all employees
during period covered
7
Fatal Accident Rate
No. of fatalities ´108

FAR =
Total hr worked by all employeesduring period covered
Fatality Rate
No. of fatalities per year

Fatality rate =
Total number of people in applicable population
8
An employee works in a chemical plant with a FAR of 4. If this employee works a 4-hour shift, 200
days per year, what is the expected deaths per person per year?
9
A university has 1,200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-
time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Calculate the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries
and lost workdays.
10
11
The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)
12
The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)
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ACCEPTABLE RISK
Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!
Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

certain amount of risk associated decided if the risks are
with it. “acceptable”.
Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

within the economic constraints of the process!!!
14
ACCEPTABLE RISK
Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!
Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

certain amount of risk associated decided if the risks are
with it. “acceptable”.
Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

within the economic constraints of the process!!!
15
INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY
CH153
Q3 AY 2020-2021
16

01-2-Accident and Loss Statistics

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ACCIDENT AND LOSS STATISTICS

Lagging Indicators • rely on events that have occurred

Personnel Injury • OSHA Incidence Rate

First Aid Incident Rate

Occupational Injury Recordable Cases

Recordable Non Fatal Cases Recordable Lost Workday Cases

No. of injuries and illness ´ 200,000

OSHA Incidence Rate (based on lost workdays)

No. of lost workdays ´ 200,000

No. of fatalities ´108

No. of fatalities per year

The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)

The Accident Pyramid (Heinrich’s Triangle)

Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!

Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

Risks cannot be eliminated entirely!

Every chemical process has a In the design stage, it has to be

Engineers must make every effort to minimize risks

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