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    The Rizal Retraction

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    ian meris
    This document discusses Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of his writings and reconciliation with the Catholic Church prior to his execution. It presents accounts from two Jesuit priests, Fr. Vicente Balaguer and Fr. Pio Pi, who claimed to witness Rizal's retraction. It also shares critical analyses of this event from historians Rafael Palma and Austin Coates, who argue the retraction was likely fraudulent based on the Church's treatment of Rizal after his death and inconsistencies in the Jesuit accounts. The document analyzes both primary source perspectives and historians' interpretations to discuss whether Rizal genuinely reconciled with the Catholic Church in his final hours.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Rizal Retraction

    Uploaded by

    ian meris
    90 views20 pages
    This document discusses Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of his writings and reconciliation with the Catholic Church prior to his execution. It presents accounts from two Jesuit priests, Fr. Vicente Balaguer and Fr. Pio Pi, who claimed to witness Rizal's retraction. It also shares critical analyses of this event from historians Rafael Palma and Austin Coates, who argue the retraction was likely fraudulent based on the Church's treatment of Rizal after his death and inconsistencies in the Jesuit accounts. The document analyzes both primary source perspectives and historians' interpretations to discuss whether Rizal genuinely reconciled with the Catholic Church in his final hours.

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    The Rizal Retraction (1)

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    This document discusses Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of his writings and reconciliation with the Catholic Church prior to his execution. It presents accounts from two Jesuit priests, Fr. Vicente Balaguer and Fr. Pio Pi, who claimed to witness Rizal's retraction. It also shares critical analyses of this event from historians Rafael Palma and Austin Coates, who argue the retraction was likely fraudulent based on the Church's treatment of Rizal after his death and inconsistencies in the Jesuit accounts. The document analyzes both primary source perspectives and historians' interpretations to discuss whether Rizal genuinely reconciled with the Catholic Church in his final hours.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    90 views20 pages

    The Rizal Retraction

    Uploaded by

    ian meris
    This document discusses Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of his writings and reconciliation with the Catholic Church prior to his execution. It presents accounts from two Jesuit priests, Fr. Vicente Balaguer and Fr. Pio Pi, who claimed to witness Rizal's retraction. It also shares critical analyses of this event from historians Rafael Palma and Austin Coates, who argue the retraction was likely fraudulent based on the Church's treatment of Rizal after his death and inconsistencies in the Jesuit accounts. The document analyzes both primary source perspectives and historians' interpretations to discuss whether Rizal genuinely reconciled with the Catholic Church in his final hours.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 20

    THE RIZAL

    RETRACTION
    Group 7
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    HISTORICAL
    CONTEXT
    Dr. Jose Rizal 
    Leader of the reformist movement in Spain
    Implicated as a leader of the Philippine
    Revolution
    Death by firing squad at the Luneta
    (December 30, 1896)
    Accounts exists that he allegedly retracted
    his Masonic ideals and his writings and
    reconverted to Catholicism
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    "I RETRACT WITH ALL MY HEART


    WHATEVER IN MY WORDS,
    WRITINGS, PUBLICATIONS AND
    CONDUCT HAVE BEEN CONTRARY
    TO MY CHARACTER AS A SON OF
    THE CATHOLIC CHURCH."
    Dr. Jose Rizal
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    TWO KINDS OF
    PRIMARY SOURCES
    1. Two official accounts witnessed
    by Jesuits who were instrumental
    in the alleged retraction

    2. Two critical analyses by Rizalist


    Scholars
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    FR. VICENTE BALAGUER


    One of the Jesuit priests who visited Rizal
    during his last hours in Fort Santiago

    Claimed that he managed to persuade


    Rizal to denounce Masonry and return to
    the Catholic fold

    Claimed that he solemnized the marriage


    of Rizal and Josephine Bracken
    Fr. Vicente Balaguer's Statements
    Rizal should make a retraction of errors publicly professed to
    him in words and writings and a profession of the Catholic
    faith

    Asked Rizal about his ideas in religion

    Attacked Rizal with the arguments of catholic doctrines and


    logic and evidence of Catholic truth

    Fr. Balaguer went to Ateneo and reported the condition of


    Rizal and asked for the formula of retraction
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    “YOU WILL GO TO HELL, FOR,


    WHATEVER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT.
    YES: PUT OF THE CATHOLIC
    CHURCH THERE IS NO SALVATION.
    TRUTH IS AND CANNOT BE BUT
    ONE.”
    Fr. Vicente Balaguer
    Fr. Vicente Balaguer's Statements

    Fr. Balaguer brought out the shorter and concise formula of


    Fr. Pio Pi and Rizal accepted and begin to write his retraction

    Fr. Balaguer went to Ateneo to delivered the document to


    Archbishop Nozaleda
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    "FATHER, DO NOT PROCEED. THAT


    STYLE IS DIFFERENT FROM MINE. I
    CANNOT SIGN THAT, BECAUSE IT
    SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD THAT I
    AM WRITING IT MYSELF”
    Dr. Jose Rizal
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    FR. PIO PI
    Jesuit superior in the Philippines
    during the execution of Rizal
    He issued an affidavit recounting
    his involvement in the alleged
    retraction of Rizal
    Involved only in securing the
    retraction document
    Wrote the short retraction
    document which was the one
    Rizal allegedly copied
    Fr. Pio Pi's Statements
    The Jesuit fathers accepted the commission given by Archbishop
    Nozaleda to facilitate the retraction of Rizal because it was to
    reconcile with God and with the church and to save the soul of
    Rizal

    A long discussion with Fr. Balaguer and Rizal happened in order


    to revive in that soul the faith of old and his Christian sentiments.

    Rizal found certain objections in the form of the composition sent


    by Archbishop

    The one that Fr. Pio made was shorter and concise, Rizal re-wrote
    it entirely in his own hand and signed it
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    THE ONE WHICH I HAD MADE WAS


    SHORTER ALTHOUGH CONCLUSIVE,
    AND THIS PLEASED HIM.
    NEVERTHELESS, TO MAKE IT APPEAR
    MORE OF HIS OWN HE WISHED TO
    INTRODUCE SOME LITTLE
    MODIFICATIONS
    Fr. Pio Pi
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    RAFAEL PALMA
    Born: 24 October 1874, Tondo
    Died: 24 May 1939, Manila
    Lawyer, writer, educator and politician
    Author of Biografia de Rizal
    Former President of the University of the
    Philippines
    Former senator of the Philippines
    Rafael Palma's Critical Analysis
    He considered the testimony of Taviel de Andrade, defense
    counsel of Rizal, the only impartial testimony but mere hearsay

    Claimed that Rizal was not reconciled with the catholic church
    judging from the acts of ecclesiastical authorities or the
    government and the way they treated Rizal after his death

    Things to consider
    Weight and value of these testimonies which to be partial and
    interested

    Whether the coetaneous acts performed by ecclesiastical


    authorities or the government are in accord with the belief that
    Rizal converted
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    ACTS THAT DEMONSTRATE RIZAL WAS NOT


    RECONCILED WITH THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
    1. The document of retraction was kept secret so that no one but the authorities was able to
    see it that time

    2. They denied the family of rizal of the original document and the certificate of canonical
    marriage with Josephine Bracken when they petitioned.

    3. Rizal’s burial was kept secret

    4. No masses were said for his soul or funeral by the Catholics

    5. He was not buried in the Catholic cemetery of Paco but in the ground without any cross
    or stone mark to his grave

    6. The entry in the book burials of the interment of Rizal’s body is not made on the page
    with those buried on December 30, 1896

    7. There was no moral motive for the conversion


    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    AUSTIN COATES
    British civil servant, writer and traveller
    Wrote extensively on topics related to the
    Asia-Pacific region
    Born: 1922, London, United Kingdom
    Died: 1997, Portugal
    Interest in Rizal began when he was
    Assistant Colonial Secretary and
    Magistrate in Hong Kong in 1950
    First study of Rizal was in Hong Kong
    (1891-1892)
    Austin Coates's Critical Analysis
    Claimed that the retraction of Rizal was unquestionably
    a fraud, however, suggesting that the Archbishop’s
    announcement was issued knowingly, or that there was
    a plot among the higher ecclesiastical authorities is
    going too far
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    POINTS OF ANALYSIS
    1. Fraud occur when they are not the planned work of the church as an organization but
    usually the work of  a small man with his own ideas; and the Church, if unwittingly accepts
    the fraud as genuine, has to protect him

    2. There was no signed letter of retraction

    3. In view of the public disbelief the Archbishop’s statement provoked, if there had been a
    signed retraction letter, it would certainly have been produced for inspection.

    4. Once the execution was over, Vilaclara and March returned to be faced with Balaguer’s
    claims, the fraud was apparent to the jesuits, but it was too late to rectify matters.

    5. Neither Pio Pi y Vidal nor any of the Jesuits of probity believed that Rizal retracted and
    died confessed

    6. The Rizal family found it difficult to accept either the retraction or marriage
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    POINTS OF ANALYSIS
    7. Disbeliefs spread due to Balaguer’s urge to elaborate and to see
    himself publicly praised

           -   As he affirmed on oath in 1909, he settled down on that night,


    December 29, 1896, to write his account which he intended to publish
    anonymously

    8. Balaguer did not mention the “Ultimo Adios” in his account

    9. He made his account so elaborate that Rizal was not given time in
    which to write
    RIZAL'S RETRACTION

    THANK YOU!
    QUIZ TIME!
    Please have one
    representative each group
    with a phone and connect to
    the wifi.

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