11-Types of Text

TYPES OF TEXT
A text is a piece of writing that you read. The

type or the characteristics of a text are very
important for any work of summarization on it.
When you read something, it helps to know
what type of text it is and why it was written.
There are a lot of types of text, but in this
material we will discuss only three types:
• Argumentative Text
• Descriptive Text
• Instructive Text
Argumentative Text
The argumentative text is like an essay. It is a
genre of writing that requires you to:
• Investigate a topic
• Collect, generate, and evaluate evidence
An argument paragraph presents a point of view
and provides evidence for the point of view
taken.
An argument is an opinion supported by facts.
Writers refer to opinions as claims and facts as
evidence. The claim clearly states a stance on a
topic or issue.
Before Writing an
Argumentative Text
• Brainstorm ideas on the subject
• Identify the main topics
• Use these topics as headings for organizing
your notes (topic statement)
• Decide which side you are on i.e. which
arguments are most convincing. Make sure
you choose the side that you can fully support
• Plan and write an outline for your essay noting
down the information you will include in each
paragraph.
Example Outline of
Argumentative Text
Topic: Nuclear Reactors
Because of its cost, risk and alternatives, the
building of nuclear reactors should not continue.
The first problem with nuclear reactors is their
cost. Another problem is the serious
consequences of accidents. Some people might
claim that there is no real alternative to nuclear
power. Example in Asian countries, including
China and the Republic of Korea. In short,
although nuclear power is an attractive option,
it has too many disadvantages.
Topic Sentence:
Because of its cost, risk and alternatives, the
building of nuclear reactors should not
continue.
Supporting Detail 1:
The first problem with nuclear reactors is their
cost.
Supporting Detail 2:
Another problem is the serious consequences of
accidents.
Refutation:
Some people might claim that there is no real
alternative to nuclear power. Example in Asian
countries, including China and the Republic of
Korea.
Concluding Statement:
In short, although nuclear power is an attractive
option, it has too many disadvantages.
Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text that describes
something or someone.
Communicative Purpose: to describe a
particular Person, Place, or Thing.
Generic Structure:
• Identification
• Introduces who, where or what is being
described
Descriptive Writing
Descriptive writing is the clear description of
people, places, objects, or events using
appropriate details.
How to write a descriptive paragraph:
1. Make sure to choose a meaningful person,
place, or thing.
2. Introduce the person, place, or thing you are
describing.
3. Engage your reader's sense of sight.
4. Describe smells and tastes if you can.
5. Describe how the moment or item feels.
6. Describe how your subject sounds.
7. Check your writing
Instructıve Text
An instructive text is a text that instructs or tells
the reader how to do something.
They are found in recipes, leaflets, manuals,
text-books, etc.
 An instructive text is a text that instructs or
tells the reader how to do something.
Example:
• A recipe instructs you how to cook
something
• A leaflet that tells you how to do something
 Instructive Text Sometimes:
• Use Verb 1 in the beginning of the sentence
• Use numbered or bulleted point
• Use diagrams or pictures
• Usually transition words are used, like first,
second, third, next, after that, finally, etc
Example:
• Put all ingredients into bowl together
• Go to the end of the road and turn left
• First, open the front page, and ……..
Example
How to make Potato Omelette:
1. Wash, peel and thinly slice potatoes.
2. Slice onions.
3. Beat the eggs in a bowl, season.
4. Heat oil in a frying pan, sauté onions.
5. Add potatoes and leave to cook over a low heat
for 20 or 30 minutes.
6. Leave to cool and add beaten egg.
7. Cook for 15 minutes in frying pan.
8. Your Potato Omelette is ready to eat
Conclusions
Argumentative Text to argue
Descriptive Text to describe
Instructive Text to instruct

11-Types of Text

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TYPES OF TEXT

A text is a piece of writing that you read. The

Argumentative Text to argue

Descriptive Text to describe

Instructive Text to instruct

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