G.C.E.(A.L.

) Support Seminar - 2015

Chemistry I
Answer Guide

Question Question
Answer Answer
number number
1 3 26 3
2 5 27 3
3 3 28 4
4 2 29 2
5 1 30 4
6 3 31 1
7 1 32 1
8 2 33 5
9 4 34 2
10 5 35 5
11 3 36 4
12 2 37 5
13 5 38 3
14 5 39 5
15 3 40 4
16 1 41 5
17 3 42 4
18 2 43 1
19 5 44 4
20 4 45 2
21 1 46 4
22 3 47 4
23 2 48 1
24 5 49 2
25 3 50 1

2 × 50 = 100 marks

[ see page two

 -2-

G.C.E.(A.L.) Support Seminar - 2015

Chemistry II
Answer Guide
PART A - STRUCTURED ESSAY

1. (a) (i) NH2 < N2H4 < NH2OH

(ii) O2 < O3 < H2O2
(iii) SF6 < SF4 < SF2
(iv) Na < Zn < V
(v) Al(OH)3 < Mg(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2 ^06 × 5 = 30 marks)
:
:
: :
: :

: :

(b) (i) : : ^05 marks)

: :
: :
:
:

: :
: :
: :
:
: :
: :

: :
:
:
: :
: :

: :

(ii) : : :
+

^no marks for this structure)

+

: :
: :

: :
: :

:
:
^04 × 3 = 12 marks)

(iii) O2 - tetrahedral N3 - trigonal planer

^03 × 2 = 06 marks)

(iv) N4 - sp2 O5 - sp3 / 2p

^03 × 2 = 06 marks)
: :
:

O y N
x y
(v) O N O
:

115 < y < 120 100 < x < 110 ^06 marks)

(c) (i) Lyman ^05 marks)

(ii) 36 and 327 kJ mol 1

^03 + 03 marks)

(iii) 36 327) kJ mol 1

^03 + 01 marks)
= 291 kJ mol 1 ^03 + 01 marks)

291 kJ mol 1
(iv) Energy of a photon, E = 6.022 × 1023 mol 1 = 48.32 × 10 23
kJ ^03 + 01 marks)

E 48.32 × 10 23 × 103 J
= h = 6.626 × 10 34 J s = 7.29 × 1014 s 1
^03 + 01 marks)

(v) kJ mol 1
^03 + 01 marks)
= 1311 kJ mol 1
^03 + 01 marks)

[ see page three

 -3-
2. (a) (i) (I) NH3
(II) NH3, H2S, HI
(III) H2S and HI ^03 × 6 = 18 marks)

(ii) (I) Na + H2S Na2S + H2 or

2Na + 2NH3 2NaNH2 + H2 or
2Na + 2HI 2NaI + H2 or
(excess) 2H2S + 2Na 2NaHS + H2

(II) H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S or

3Cl2 + 2NH3 N2 + 6HCl or
3Cl2 + 8NH3 2N2 + 6NH4Cl or
3Cl2 + NH3 NCl3 + 3HCl or
Cl2 + H2S 2HCl + S or
Cl2 + 2HI I2 + 2HCl

(III) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O ^05 × 3 = 15 marks)

(iii) (NH4)I ^05 marks)

covalent bonds
ionic bonds
dative bonds / dative covalent bonds / coordinate covalent bonds ^02 × 3 = 06 marks)

(iv) (I) NH3

(II) NH3, H2S, HI ^03 × 4 = 12 marks)

(v) (NH4)2S / NH4HS

ammonium sulphide / ammonium hydrogensulphide / ammonium bisulphide ^03 × 2 = 06 marks)

(b) (i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 ^04 × 2 = 08 marks)

(ii)
delocalised sea of electrons is low. Thus the strength of metallic bond is relatively low, and
melting point of Zn is lower than that of other elements in 3d series.
^02 × 3 = 06 marks)

(iii) (I) Black precipitate is obtained. ^02 + 2 = 04 marks)

(II) Dark blue solution is formed. ^02 + 2 = 04 marks)

(iv) (I) hexaaquazinc(II) ion ^04 marks)

(II) octahedral ^02 marks)

(v) 7 Zn + 16 HNO3 7 Zn(NO3)2 + N2H4 + 6 H2O ^10 marks)

[ see page four

 -4-
+
3. (a) (i) H2A(aq) H (aq) + HA (aq) or H2A(aq) + H2O(l) HA (aq) + H3O+(aq) ^05 marks)

Ka = [H3O+(aq)][HA (aq)] or Ka = [H+(aq)][HA (aq)] ^05 marks)

[H2A(aq)] 1 [H2A(aq)]

(ii) point B ^05 marks)

(iii) [H2A(aq)] = [HA (aq)]

Ka = [H+(aq)]
1
pH = pKa
1
Ka
1
Ka = 1 × 10 3 mol dm 3
^10 marks)
1

(iv) point C ^05 marks)

HA (aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A2 (aq)

3
initial concentration(mol dm )
equiliblium concentration(mol dm 3) x x x

Ka = [H3O+(aq)][A2 (aq)]
2 [HA (aq)]

5.0 × 10 8 mol dm 3
= [H3O+(aq)]2
x) mol dm 3

since x <<< 0.05 ;

x) 0.05
+ 2
[H3O (aq)] = 25 × 10 10 mol2 dm 6

[H3O+(aq)] = 5 × 10 5 mol dm 3
pH = 10
[H3O+(aq)]

10
(5 × 10 5)
= 4.301 ^20 marks)

(v) point E ^05 marks)

(vi) point B or point D ^05 marks)

at point B
Solution contains H2A and HA with the same concentration.
* When a small amount of H+ is added
HA (aq) + H+(aq) H2A(aq)
* When a small amount of OH is added
H2A(aq) + OH (aq) HA (aq) + H2O(l)
at point D
This can be explained by using HA instead of H2A and A2 instead of HA .
^10 marks)
 -5-
(b) (i) The maximum temperature at which a gas can be converted to a liquid by compression.
^06 marks)

(ii) He < CO2 < NH3 ^05 marks)

(iii) Z
He
ideal gas
1.0
NH3
(02 × 6 = 12 marks)
P

(iv) When the intermolecular attractive forces of a real gas are strong, Z value decreases, so
the critical temperature increases. ^07 marks)

4. (a) (i) A D
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH2 C OH CH3 C CH2OH
CH3 CH3
(05 × 2 = 10 marks)

(ii)
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2OH CH3 C CH2 CH2 OH
H
(05 × 2 = 10 marks)

(iii) B

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

(05 marks)

(iv) H
H3CH2C CH3
C=C
H H
(05 marks)
(v) geometrical isomerism $ cis - trans isomerism (03 marks)
(vi) pent - 2 - ene or 2 - pentene (03 marks)

(b) (i) Q R OMgBr

O
CH3 C CH3
CH3 C CH3

S T
CH3 CH3
C OH C Br
CH3 CH3
(05 × 4 = 20 marks)

(ii) a - Hg2+ / HgSO4 and dil. H2SO4

[ see page six
 -6-

MgBr
b - / dry ether
c - HCl(aq) / H3O+(aq) or H+ / H2O (03 × 4 = 12 marks)
d - CH3OH / Na

(iii) Reaction Type of reaction Active species

+
1 AE H
2 AN
3 O
4 SN Br
5 SN CH3O
(01 × 10 = 10 marks)
CH3 CH3
C Br C+
:
(iv) + Br
CH3 CH3

CH3 CH3
C+ :OCH3 C OCH3
(03 × 5 = 15 marks)
CH3 CH3

CH3
(v) C = CH2 (05 marks)

(vi) as a base (02 marks)

**
 -7-
PART B - ESSAY
5. (a) (i) A solution which obeys Raoult's law for any composition
or
If the intermolecular forces of a binary solution prepared by completely mixing liquids
A and B are equal, i.e. (06 marks)
f (A B) = f (A A) = f (B B),
such a solution is an ideal solution.

(ii) A(l) A(g)

B(l) B(g) (03 × 2 = 06 marks)

(iii) Considering A, when rate of forward reaction is r1 and rate of backward reaction is r2.
r1 = K1 [A(l)]
r2 = K2 [A(g)]
at dynamic equiliblium, r1 = r1
K1 [A(l)] = K2 [A(g)]
[A(l)] XA and [A(g)] PA
K1 XA = K2 PA
K1
PA = .X
K2 A
PA = K . XA (12 marks)

(iv) when x = 1, PA = PA°

PA° = K
PA = PA°. xA (06 marks)

(b) (i) number of moles of A" = 0.8314 dm3 = 10 mol (04 marks)
A
8.314 × 10 2 dm3 mol 1

number of moles of B" = 0.8314 dm3 = 20 mol (04 marks)

B
4.157 × 10 2 dm3 mol 1

(ii) XA(g) = 0.2

A(g) B(g)
assuming the ideal behaviour of the vapour,
A(l) B(l) PA = XA(g) . PT
= 0.2 (3 × 105 Pa)
PA = 6 × 104 Pa (05 marks)

XA(g) + XB(g) = 1.0 PB = PT PA

XB(g) = 3.00 × 105 4
Pa
5
PB = 0.8 (3 × 10 Pa) = 2.4 × 10 Pa 5

PB = 2.4 × 105 Pa (05 marks)

[ see page eight

 -8-
(iii) PV =
for gas A = 6 × 104 Pa × 100 × 0.8314 × 10 3 m3 (02 marks)
A
8.314 J mol 1 k 1 × 300 K

A
= 2 mol (05 marks)

for gas B = 2.4 × 105 Pa × 100 × 0.8314 × 10 3 m3

B
8.314 J mol 1 k 1 × 300 K

B
= 8 mol (05 marks)

(iv) at equilibrium;
A
in liquid phase mol = 8 mol
B
in liquid phase mol = 12 mol (02 marks)
from Raoult's law,
PA = PA°. XA (02 marks)
6 × 104 Pa = 8
PA° × 20

PA° = 6 × 104 × 20 Pa = 1.5 × 105 Pa

8
PA° = 1.5 × 105 Pa (05 marks)

PB
PB° =
XB

= 2.4 × 105 Pa × 20
12
PB° = 4 × 105 Pa (05 marks)

(v) (I) A(g) 2C(g)

initial amounts (mol)
at equilibrium (mol) x 2x (02 marks)

PV =

1.4 × 106 Pa × 100.8 × 0.8314 × 10 3 m3 = (03 marks)

8.314 J k 1 mol 1 × 403.2 K

= 35 mol
A
+ C
+ B = 35 mol
10 x + 2x + 20 = 35
x = 5 mol (04 marks)

PA = PT . XA
= 1.4 × 106 Pa × 5
35
= 2 × 105 Pa (03 marks)

PC = 1.4 × 106 Pa × 10
35
= 4 × 105 Pa (03 marks)

PB = 1.4 × 106 Pa × 20
35
= 8 × 105 Pa (03 marks)
 -9-

P2C(g)
(II) KP = (05 marks)
PA
5 2
= (4 × 10 5Pa)
2 × 10 Pa

= 8 × 105 Pa (03 marks)

(c) (i) X(H2O) X (ether) (04 marks)

[X] ether
KD = (05 marks)
[X] H2O
X ether (50 cm ) 3

H2O(200 cm3)

(ii) for 1st extraction;

Let's assume that the number of moles of X remaing in H2O is 1
and number of moles of X ex-
tracted to ether is 2 ;
2
× 1000 mol dm
50
16 =
1
× 1000 mol dm
200
2
16 = ×4
1

2
= 4 (20 marks)
1 1

Amount of X remaining in water after 1st extraction (as a fraction to the initial amount)
1
=
1
+ 2

= 1 = 1
4+1 5

(iii) Amount of X remaing in water after 3rd extraction (as a fraction) = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1

5 5 5 125
(15 marks)
Amount of X extracted into the ether as a percentage = 124 × 100%
125
= 99.2%

(iv) (I) Ether and water are completely immiscible.

(II) X, exists in the same molecular form in both ether and water. (03 × 2 = 06 marks)
(III) Temperture remains constant.
(any two)

1
6. (a) (i) (I) CH4(g) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + 2H2(g) ; x kJ mol (1)
1
C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) ; 125 kJ mol (2)
1
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ; 394 kJ mol (3)
1
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ; 800 kJ mol (4)
(03 × 4 = 12 marks)
 - 10 -

1
×( 125) kJ mol
(2) × 2 2C(s) + 2H2O(g) 2CO(g) + 2H2(g)
1
250 kJ mol
2CO(g) + 2H2(g) 2C(s) + 2H2O(l) (5)
1
+ 250 kJ mol
(02 × 3 = 06 marks)

1
(250 + x) kJ mol
(1) + (5) CH4(g) + CO2(g) 2 C(s) + 2H2O(g)
1
(250 + x) kJ mol
2O2(g) + CH4(g) + CO2(g) 2 C(s) + 2H2O(g) + 2O2(g)

1 1
800 kJ mol 394) kJ mol

2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) (02 × 3 = 06 marks)

from Hess's law ;
250 kJ mol 1 + x + 2( 394) kJ mol 1
= 800 kJ mol 1
(02 + 01 = 03 marks)
1
x = ( 800 + 788 250) kJ mol
1
x = 262 kJ mol (02 + 01 = 03 marks)

(b) (i) Initial number of moles of X = 2.0 × 50 mol

1000

Number of moles of X reacted = 2.0 × 50 × 20 mol

1000 100

Rate of consumption of X = 2 × 50 × 20 × 1000 × 1 mol dm 3 s 1

(12 marks)
1000 × 100 200 4

= 0.025 mol dm 3 s 1

(ii) Rate of consumption of Y = 2(0.025) mol dm 3 s 1

= 0.05 mol dm 3 s 1
(04 marks)

(iii) r = K [X]x [Y]y [Z]z (05 marks)

(iv) x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 (09 marks)

(v) r = K [X] [Y] (05 marks)

(vi) Z is required. The reaction is zeroth order with respect ot Z. Therefore Z is

required for the reaction but it does not affect the rate of reaction. (Rate of
reaction does not depend on Z) (06 marks)

(vii) X+Y XY (04 marks)

(viii) molecularity is 2 (03 marks)

(ix) XY (06 marks)

 - 11 -

Energy
(x)

Ea Ea
2
1

XY + Y + Z
products
X+Y+Z } H
(02 × 8 = 16 marks)
reaction co - ordinate

(c) (i) burette (03 marks)

(ii) * Stopcock of the burette should be colsed tightly.

* Burette should be
before starting the reaction. (03 × 2 = 06 marks)

(iii) (I) Assuming the ideal behaviour of H2 gas and applying

PV = for its average volume (02 marks)

= 1.0 × 105 Pa × 33 × 10 6 m3 = 0.0013 mol (05 marks)

H2 8.314 J mol 1 K 1 × 300 K

(II) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) (04 marks)

Mg = H2 = 0.0013 mol (04 marks)

(III) =m (for average mass)

M
3
0.0013 mol = 34 × 10 g
M
1
MMg = 26.15 g mol

(Deduct 05 marks if average values are not taken)

Ar(Mg) = 26.15 (12 marks)

(iv) There is a small change.

Leak in burette.
Impurities in magnesium ribbon.
Errors when making measurements. (02 × 2 = 04 marks)

(v)
Errors can arise when measuring the volume of H2 when the reaction proceedes
faster. (04 marks)

(vi) Do not agree

When 100.0 mg of Mg is used, percentage error in the mass of Mg can be reduced.
But other erros remain unchanged.
(06 marks)
 - 12 -
+ +
7. (a) (i) CH3OH + H3O CH3O H2 + H2O
alkyl oxonium ion
CH3NH2 + H3O+ CH3N+H3 + H2O
alkyl ammonium ion (10 marks)

Since 'O' atom is more electronegative than 'N' atom, ability to donate the lone pair of
electrons on 'N' is higher than that of 'O'. Therefore, alkyl ammonium ion is more stable
relative to amine compared to alkyl oxonium ion relative to alcohol.
(10 marks)

(ii) Since the alkyl group in CH3CH2NH2 repels electrons towards 'N' atom (Inductive effect),
electron density of 'N' becomes higher. Then ability to donate electrons will increase.
NH2
But lone pair on 'N' in gets delocalized with the benzene ring through resonance,
so electron density on 'N' becomes lower.
+ + +

:
:NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2
( ) ( )

( )
According to the above structures, and (+) charge on 'N', ability to donate electrons by 'N'
becomes low.
(20 marks)

(b) (i) (I) C N CH2

Br2 H
FeBr3
Br CH2Cl CH2NH2
conc.
NH3
Mg /
dry ether PCl5
O
=

MgBr CH2OH C H
1) HCHO PCC (04 × 12 = 48 marks)
2) H3O+

(II)
excess
Br MgBr
HBr Mg /
CH3CH = CH2 CH3CH CH3 CH3 CH CH3
dry ether
HBr /
H2O 2
H3O+
CH3CH2 CH2Br
aqueous
KOH O O
H+/KMnO4
=

PCl5
=

CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2 C H CH3CH2 C Cl OH

H3C
CH C CH2 CH3
H3C
CH
H3C CH3

(04 × 13 = 52 marks)
 - 13 -
(ii) (I) with Na - a, b, c, d
with aqueous NaOH - a, d (10 marks)

PART C - ESSAY

8. (a) (i) A = Al
B = AlCl3
C = Al(OH)3
D = Al2O3
E = NaAlO2 / Na[Al(OH)4]
F = H2 (03 × 6 = 18 marks)

(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O

or
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] (05 marks)

(iii) AlCl3 is hydrolysed as follows.

AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3HCl
or
AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + H+ + Cl
HCl is a strong acid.
It is completly ionized in solution and H+/ H3O+ concentration is higher in the medium.
(10 marks)

Cl Cl Cl
(iv) AlCl3 dimerizes as follows Al Al (07 marks)
Cl Cl Cl

(b) (i) E = O2 / oxygen

Q = N2 / nitrogen
R = Ca / calcium
L = CaO / calcium oxide
T = Ca(OH)2 / calcium hydroxide
U = Ca3N2 / calcium nitride
V = NH3 / ammonia (03 × 7 = 21 marks)

(ii) (I) 3Ca + N2 Ca3N2

(II) Ca3N2 + 6H2O 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3 (05 × 2 = 10 marks)

(iii) to produce slaked lime

to produce calcium carbide
to reduce acidity of soil
to produce bleaching powder
to neutralise acidic gases
to construct buildings / to make mortar
(any one) (03 marks)
 - 14 -
to produce fertilizers containing nitrogen
to produce HNO3 acid
to produce nylon/polymers
to neutralise acidic substances in petroleum industry
to control pH of water
to neutralise SO2 produced by combustion of fuel in motor vechicles
as a coolant
to prevent coagulation of rubber
to produce sodium carbonate (06 marks)
(any two)

(c) (i) X = BaSO4 / barium sulphate

Y = CuI / Cu2I2 / copper(I) iodide / cuprous iodide (03 × 2 = 06 marks)

(ii) S2 + 8NO3 + 8H+ SO42 + 8NO2 + 4H2O

Fe2+ + NO3 + 2H+ Fe3+ + NO2 + H2O
Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4
2+
2Cu + 2I 2Cu+ + I2 or 2Cu2+ + 2I Cu22+ + I2
or 2Cu2+ + 4I 2CuI + I2 or 2Cu2+ + 4I Cu2I2 + I2
3+ 2+
2Fe + 2I 2Fe + I2
I2 + 2S2O32 2I +S4O62 (02 × 6 = 12 marks)

0.1864 g
(iii) amount of moles of BaSO4 = 233 g mol 1

= 0.0008 mol

amount S in the sample = 0.0008 × 250 mol

25
= 0.008 mol
1
mass of S = 0.008 mol × 32 g mol
= 0.256 g
mass percentage of S = 0.256 g × 100
1.000 g
= 25.6% (12 marks)

0.0381 g
amount of moles of CuI = 190.5 g mol 1

= 0.0002 mol

amount Cu in the sample = 0.0002 × 250 mol

25
= 0.002 mol
1
mass of Cu = 0.002 mol × 63.5 g mol
= 0.127 g
mass percentage of Cu = 0.127 g × 100
1.000 g
= 12.7% (18 marks)
 - 15 -
amount of S2O32 = 0.0400 × 20.00 mol
1000

amount of I2 = 0.0400 × 20.00 mol

1000 × 2
= 0.0004 mol

amount of I2 generated by Cu2+ = 0.002 mol

2
= 0.0001 mol
amount of I2 generated by Fe3+ = ( mol
= 0.0003 mol
amount of Fe3+ in 25.00 cm3 = 0.0003 mol × 2
= 0.0006 mol

amount Fe in the sample = 0.0006 × 250 mol

25
= 0.006 mol
1
mass of Fe = 0.006 mol × 56 g mol
= 0.336 g
mass percentage of Fe = 0.336 g × 100
1.000 g
= 33.6% (22 marks)
alternative method :
(S) = (Fe) + (Cu)
(Fe) = (Cu)
= 0.008 mol 0.002 mol
= 0.006 mol
9. (a) (i)
sea water

process
1
brine/
conc. sea water
A
electrolysis Cl2 Column
C 1
NaOH
L H2 B NH3 brine saturated
petroleum/ process H2
crude oil E with NH3 or J
2
B NaCl / NH3
air process N2
3 Column
M D 2
CO2 H
NaHCO3
limestone CaO Ca(OH)2 K
H 2O Na2CO3
G I
bleaching
powder
(03 × 13 = 39 marks)
 - 16 -
(ii) Process 1 : concentration/evaporation
Process 2 : reaction with steam/partial combustion with O2
Process 3 : fractional distillation (02 × 3 = 06 marks)

(iii) Column 1 : NH3(aq) + H2O NH4+(aq) + OH (aq)

or
NH3(aq) + NaCl(aq) NH4+Cl (aq) + Na+(aq) + OH (aq) (05 marks)
Column 2 : OH (aq) + CO2(g) HCO3 (aq) (05 marks)

(iv) 2NaCl(aq) + 2NH3(aq) + 2CO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) Na2CO3(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

2NaCl(aq) + 2NH3(aq) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l) Na2CO3(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq)
}(08 marks)
2NaCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) Na2CO3 (s) + CaCl2 (aq)

(v) gas dissolution is an exothermic process. Therefore mixing gases with water is
accelerated by cooling. (04 marks)

(vi) 3Ca(OH)2(s) + 2Cl2(g) Ca(OCl)2 . Ca(OH)2 . CaCl2 . 2H2O (08 marks)

(b) (i) 2
./
It is a very stable molecule. (05 marks)

(ii) NO, NO2, , N2O, N2O4 (any two) (05 × 2 = 10 marks)

(iii) lightening, burning fossil fuels, internal combustion in motor vehicle engines,
combustion related with cooking purposes.
(any three) (04 × 3 = 12 marks)

(iv) acid rain, global warming

photochemical smog, depletion of the ozone layer (04 × 4 = 16 marks)

(v) acid rain

lightening
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2(aq) 4HNO3(aq)
+
HNO3(aq) H (aq) + NO3 (aq)

photochemical smog
photolysis of NO2 by absorbing sunlight
NO2 h NO + O

(a) Atomic oxygen combines with O2 melecules to form ozone.

O + O2 + M O3 + M
^M is a gas or particle in air which can absorb excess energy)
(b) Atomic oxygen reacts with water vapour to from OH free radicals.
O + H 2O 2 OH
( OH can initiate reaction to produce different chemical compounds like
aldehydes, PAN, PBN ect)
 - 17 -
Ozone layer depletion
NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g) (1)
O2(g) 2O(g) (2)
NO2(g) + O(g) NO(g) + O2(g) (3)
(1) × 2 + (2) + (3) × 2
2O3(g) 3O2(g)
(any three) (12 × 2 = 24 marks)

(vi) reduce the temperature of the combustion process

reduce the combustion of fuel containing 'N'
connect catalytic converters to motor vehicles
reduce NOX by using catalysts in furnances
reduce acidic gases by absorption (04 × 2 = 08 marks)

10. (a) (i) Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e 2Hg(l) + 2Cl (aq) (08 marks)

(ii) Hg(l), Hg2Cl2(s) / Cl (aq) (1.0 mol dm 3) // Cl (aq) (1.0 mol dm 3) / Cl2(g) (1 atm), Pt(s)
(10 marks)
(iii) E cell
= E cathode anode

= 1.36 V
= 1.12 V (12 marks)

(b) (i) anodic reaction, Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e

cathodic reaction, 2e + 2H2O(l) H2(g) + 2OH (aq)

overall reaction,
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg2+(aq) + 2OH (aq) + H2(g) (05 × 3 = 15 marks)

(ii) Mg(OH)2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2OH (aq)

By the reaction of electrolysis, Mg2+ and OH are formed with the molar ratio 1 ; 2 just after
forming turbidity or when the solution becomes saturated with Mg(OH)2, concentration of
[Mg2+] = x
Ksp = [Mg2+(aq)][OH (aq)]2
12
4.0 × 10 mol3 dm 9
= (x) (2x)2
x = 1 × 10 4 mol dm 3
= 1 × 10 4 × 250 = 2.5 × 10 5 mol
Mg2+
1000
Q = 2.5 × 10 5 mol × 96500 c mol 1 × 2
Q = It = 50 × 10 3 A × t
2.5 × 10 5 × 96500 × 2
t = 3 s
50 × 10

t = 9650 s (30 marks)

(iii) no other reactions occur during electrolysis. (05 marks)

 - 18 -
2+ +
(c) (i) 2Mn + 5PbO2 + 4H 2MnO4 + 5Pb2+ + 2H2O (10 marks)

(ii) Similar test tubes (similar cross sectional area and height) should be used. (04 marks)

(iii) to have equal colour intensities, concentrations should be equal.

nMnO in 5 cm3 of X = nMnO in the test tube (4)

4 4

= 0.05 × 8 mol
1000

nMnO in 250 cm3 of X = 0.05 × 8 × 250 mol

4 1000 5
= 0.02 mol
MnO
= Mg2+
4

relative atomic mass of Mn = 55.

mMn 0.02 mol × 55 g mol 1

m % × 100
3.0 g

= 36.67% (28 marks)

(iv) There are no other coloured substances except MnO4 are present in the solution X.
(04 marks)

Potassium permanganate does not exist as a pure substance.

(08 marks)

Prepare an oxalic acid solution of known concentration.

4
solution and acidify with dilute H2SO4.

(06 marks)

(vii) 4KMnO4 + 4KOH 4K2MnO4 + 2H2O + O2 (05 marks)

(viii) purple green (05 marks)

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