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    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai Day - 2 Chemistry Class Notes

    Uploaded by

    Smit Patel
    1. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its molar mass, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 2. Normality is defined as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its equivalent weight, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 3. The molarity and normality of a solution can be used to calculate the concentration when volumes are combined or diluted. For acids and bases, the normality of the resulting solution depends on the relative normalities

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    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai Day - 2 Chemistry Class Notes

    Uploaded by

    Smit Patel
    40 views4 pages
    1. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its molar mass, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 2. Normality is defined as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its equivalent weight, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 3. The molarity and normality of a solution can be used to calculate the concentration when volumes are combined or diluted. For acids and bases, the normality of the resulting solution depends on the relative normalities

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    1. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its molar mass, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 2. Normality is defined as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its equivalent weight, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 3. The molarity and normality of a solution can be used to calculate the concentration when volumes are combined or diluted. For acids and bases, the normality of the resulting solution depends on the relative normalities

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views4 pages

    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai Day - 2 Chemistry Class Notes

    Uploaded by

    Smit Patel
    1. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its molar mass, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 2. Normality is defined as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is calculated using the mass of solute in grams and its equivalent weight, divided by the total volume of solution in liters. 3. The molarity and normality of a solution can be used to calculate the concentration when volumes are combined or diluted. For acids and bases, the normality of the resulting solution depends on the relative normalities

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1

    Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai


    www.biomentors.online
    Day -2 Chemistry Class Notes

    Molarity- No of moles of solute present in 1 litre of solution.


    𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑡 1
    𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = × (𝑉 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 )
    𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑡. 𝑉

    om
    𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑡 1000
    𝑀 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑡 × = 𝑣𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
    𝑉
    When volume is in millilitres
    𝑣𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

    l.c
    𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑡 1000
    𝑀= × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ×

    ai
    100 𝑔 𝑚 𝑤𝑡.
    gm
    Molarity Unit = moles/liters
    Molarity of solution decreases with increase in temperature.
    For eg
    7@

    a) 9.8 gm 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 (sulphuric acid) present in 2 litre of solution find molarity


    Sol
    𝑔 𝑤𝑡 9.8 1
    𝑀= = ×
    𝑔 𝑚 𝑤𝑡 98 2
    1

    1
    =
    40

    20
    = 0.05 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 /𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
    it

    b) 4 gram of Sodium hydroxide 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 present 250 millilitre solution find the
    m

    molarity of solution
    Sol
    𝑔 𝑤𝑡 4 1000
    ps

    𝑀 = 𝑔 𝑚 𝑤𝑡 = 40 × 250
    4
    = .4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 /𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
    10

    c) Bottle of 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 sulphuric acid is labled with 49% the density of sulphuric acid
    is 1.5 gram per millilitre. Calculate the molarity of the solution?
    Sol
    49 1000
    𝑀= × 1.5 ×
    100 98
    15
    =
    2
    = 7.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒

    1
    1
    2

    d) A solution of KOH is 30% by wt. its molarity is 6.9. Calculate the density of
    solution?
    Sol
    % 𝑤𝑡 1000
    𝑀= × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ×
    100 𝑔 , 𝑚 𝑤𝑡

    𝑀 × 100 × 𝑔. 𝑚. 𝑤𝑡
    𝐷=
    % 𝑤𝑡.× 1000
    6.9 × 100 × 56
    𝐷=

    om
    30 × 1000
    38640
    = = 1.28𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
    30000

    l.c
    e) 3.6 molar solution of 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 is 29% by wt. Find density
    Sol

    ai
    % 𝑤𝑡 1000
    𝑀= × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ×
    100 𝑔 , 𝑚 𝑤𝑡
    gm
    3.6 × 100 × 98
    𝐷= = 1.2𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
    29 × 1000
    7@

    f) Find molarity of 4% solution of NaOH?


    Sol
    Consider 𝑉 = 100 𝑚𝑙
    1

    4 1000
    𝑀= ×
    40

    40 𝑉
    10
    = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
    10
    it

    g) A solution of 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 is 10% calculate the molarity of solution?


    m

    Sol
    10 1000
    ps

    𝑀= ×
    60 100
    10
    = 1.66 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
    6

    h) Calculate molarity of pure water?


    Sol
    In molarity volume = 1 litre or 1000 millilitre
    The density of pure water is 1 CGS unit
    Mass = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
    1000 × 1 = 1000 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
    1000 1000
    𝑀= ×
    18 1000

    2
    3

    𝑀 = 55.55 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟


    Normality:
    No of equivalent weight of solid present in 1 litre of solution

    Formula

    𝑔 𝑤𝑡. 1
    × for Litre
    𝑒𝑞.𝑤𝑡 𝑉

    𝑔 𝑤𝑡. 1000
    × for milli litre
    𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖 𝑤𝑡 𝑉

    om
    % 𝑤𝑡 1000
    × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖. for percentage
    100 𝑤𝑡

    l.c
    Relation between Normality and Molarity

    𝑁 = 𝑛 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦

    ai
    gm
    Small n= valency, basicity of acid, acidity of base

    No of replaceable OH- group in a base is called basicity or n


    factor
    7@

    To compare normality and volume


    1

    𝑁1 𝑉1 = 𝑁2 𝑉2 = 𝑁3𝑉3
    40

    Normality of resultant solution


    𝑁1 𝑉1 + 𝑁2 𝑉2 + 𝑁3𝑉3
    𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3
    it

    For same type of solution


    (When all the solution are acidic or basic)
    m

    Normality of resultant solution


    𝑁1 𝑉1 − 𝑁2𝑉2
    ps

    𝑁=
    𝑉1 + 𝑉2
    When one solution is base and one solution is acidic
    (Higher 𝑁 × 𝑉 milli equivalent at 𝑁1 𝑉1 )
    To calculate the equivalent wt.

    𝑔𝑚.𝑤𝑡
    Equivalent wt. = 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (salt)

    𝑔.𝑚.𝑤𝑡
    𝑒𝑞. 𝑤𝑡 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 (acid)
    𝑔𝑚. 𝑤𝑡.
    𝐸𝑞 𝑤𝑡. = ( 𝐶𝑎 <𝑂𝐻𝑂𝐻 )
    𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

    3
    4

    𝑔. 𝑚. 𝑤𝑡
    𝐸𝑞 𝑤𝑡. =
    𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑
    𝑔𝑚. 𝑚. 𝑤𝑡
    𝐸𝑞. 𝑤𝑡. =
    𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐻, 𝐶𝑙, 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑

    𝑔𝑚. 𝑚. 𝑤𝑡
    𝐸𝑞. 𝑤𝑡 =
    𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜.× 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

    om
    l.c
    ai
    gm
    1 7@
    40
    it
    m
    ps

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