STATE MODEL SYLLABUS FOR

UNDER GRADUATE COURSE IN

PHYSICS
(Bachelor of Science Examination)

UNDER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
 Course structure of UG Physics Honors

SEMESTER COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits

I Ability Enhancement Compulsory AECC-1 4
4 Papers Course-I
Core course-I Mathematical Physics-I 4
(400 Marks) Core Course-I Practical/Tutorial Mathematical Physics-I Lab 2
Core course-II Mechanics 4
Core Course-II Practical/Tutorial Mechanics Lab 2
Generic Elective -1 GE-1 4/5
Generic Elective -1 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
II Ability Enhancement Compulsory AECC-II 4
4 Papers Course-II
Core course-III Electricity and Magnetism 4
(400 Marks) Core Course-III Practical/Tutorial Electricity and Magnetism Lab 2
Core course-IV Waves and Optics 4
Core Course-IV Practical/Tutorial Waves and Optics Lab 2
Generic Elective -2 GE-2 4/5
Generic Elective -2 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
III Core course-V Mathematical Physics-II 4

5 Papers Core Course-V Practical/Tutorial Mathematical Physics-II Lab 2

Core course-VI Thermal Physics 4
(500 Marks) Core Course-VI Practical/Tutorial Thermal Physics Lab 2
Core course-VII Analog Systems and Applications 4
Core Course-VII Practical/Tutorial Analog Systems & Applications 2
Lab
Skill Enhancement CompulsoryCourse -1 SECC-1 4
Generic Elective -3 GE-3 4/5

Generic Elective -3 Practical/Tutorial 2/1

IV Core course-VIII Mathematical Physics III 4

5 Papers Core Course-VII Practical/Tutorial Mathematical Physics-III Lab 2

Core course-IX Elements of Modern Physics 4
(500 Marks) Core Course-IX Practical/Tutorial Elements of Modern Physics Lab 2
Core course-X Digital Systems and Applications 4
Core Course-XPractical/Tutorial Digital Systems & Applications 2
Lab
Skill Enhancement Compulsory Course -2 SECC -2 4
Generic Elective -4 GE-4 4/5
Generic Elective -4 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
V Core course-XI Quantum Mechanics & 4
4 Papers Applications
Core Course-XI Practical/Tutorial Quantum Mechanics Lab 2
(400 Marks) Core course-XII Solid State Physics 4
Core Course-XII Practical/Tutorial Solid State Physics Lab 2
Discipline Specific Elective -1 DSE-1 4/5
Discipline Specific Elective -1 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
Discipline Specific Elective -2 DSE-2 4/5
Discipline Specific Elective- 2 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
Core course-XIII Electro-magnetic Theory 4
Core Course-XIII Practical/Tutorial Electro-magnetic Theory Lab 2

VI Core course-XIV Statistical Mechanics 4

4 Papers Core Course-XIV Practical/Tutorial Statistical Mechanics Lab 2
(400 Marks) Discipline Specific Elective4 DSE-4 4/5
Discipline Specific Elective -4 Practical/Tutorial 2/1
Or Discipline Specific Elective-4 (Eligible Students may do a Project in DSE-IV) 6
Total Credits 148
Generic Elective Papers (GE) (Minor-Physics) for other Departments/Disciplines: (Credit: 06
each)

Depending on their requirements, Universities may choose 2 (two )GE subjects with 2 papers from
each subject or only one GE subject with 4 papers from it.

Two papers GE subject will be :

1. GE-I (Mechanics & Properties of matter, Oscillation & Waves, Thermal

Physics, Electricity and Magnetism & Electronics) + Lab
2. GE-II (Optics, Special Theory of Relativity, Atomic Physics, Quantum
Mechanics and Nuclear Physics)+ Lab

A student who chooses to read only Physics subject GE will take 4 DSC papers of
the Pass Course as below
1.GE-I as DSC-1(Mechanics )+ Lab

2.GE-II as DSC-2,( Electricity, Magnetism & Emt) )+ Lab

3. GE-III as DSC-3,(Thermal Physics & Statiscal Mechanics) )+ Lab

4. GE-IV as DSC-4 (Waves And Optics) )+ Lab

(GE-I same paper as DSC-1,GE-II same as DSC-2 ,GE-III same as DSC-3,GE-IV

same as DSC-4)
 PHYSICS
HONOURS PAPERS:
Core course – 14 papers
Discipline Specific Elective – 4 papers (out of the 5 papers suggested)
Generic Elective for Non Physics students – 4 papers. Incase University offers 2 subjects as GE,
then papers 1 and 2 will be the GE paper.
Marks per paper –
For practical paper: Midterm : 15 marks, End term : 60 marks, Practical- 25 marks
For non practical paper: Midterm : 20 marks, End term : 80 marks
Total – 100 marks Credit per paper – 6
Teaching hours per paper –
Practical paper-40 hours theory classes + 20 hours Practical classes
Non Practical paper-50 hours theory classes + 10 hours tutorial

CORE PAPER-1

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I

The emphasis of course is on applications in solving problems of interest to

physicists. The students are to be examined entirely on the basis of problems, seen
andunseen.

UNIT-I
Calculus -I: Plotting of functions, Intuitive ideas of continuous, differentiable
functions and plotting of curves, Approximation: Taylor and binomial series
(statements only), First Order Differential Equations and Integrating Factor, Second
Order Differential equations: Homogeneous Equations with constant coefficients,
Wronskian and general solution, Statement of existence and
UniquenessTheoremforInitialValueProblems,ParticularIntegral.
UNIT-II
Calculus-II: Calculus of functions of more than one variable: Partial derivatives,
exact and inexact differentials. Integrating factor, with simple illustration,
Constrained Maximization using Lagrange Multipliers,
Vector algebra: Recapitulation of vectors: Properties of vectors under rotations.
Scalar product and its invariance under rotations, Vector product, Scalar
tripleproductandtheirinterpretationintermsofareaandvolumerespectively, Scalar
and Vectorfields.
UNIT-III
Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates,
Derivation of Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in Cartesian, Spherical and
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems, Comparison of velocity and
accelerationincylindricalandsphericalcoordinatesystem
Dirac Delta function and its properties: Definition of Dirac delta function.
Representation as limit of a Gaussian function and rectangular Function,
Properties of Dirac delta function.

UNIT-IV
Vector Differentiation: Directional derivatives and normal derivative,
Gradientofascalarfieldanditsgeometricalinterpretation,Divergenceandcurlof a
vector field, Del and Laplacian operators, Vectoridentities
Vector Integration: Ordinary Integrals of Vectors, Multiple integrals, Jacobian,
Notion of infinitesimal line, surface and volume elements, Line, surface and volume
integrals of Vector fields, Flux of a vector field, Gauss’ divergence theorem, Green’s
and Stokes Theorems and their applications (no rigorous proofs)
TextBooks:
1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicists,G.B.Arfken,H.J.Weber,F.E.Harris
•

(2013,7th Edn.,Elsevier)
2. Advanced
• Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley India)

Reference books:
1. Mathematical
• Physics C. Harper (Prentice Hall India)
 2. Complex
• Variable: Schaum’s Outlines Series M. Spiegel (2nd Edition , Mc-
Graw Hill Education)
3. Complex
• variables and applications, J. W. Brown and R.V.Churchill
•
Mathematical Physics, Satya Prakash (SultanChand)
4. Mathematical
• Physics, B. D. Gupta (4th edition, Vikas Publication)
•
Mathematical Physics and Special Relativity, M. Das, P.K. Jena and
B.K.Dash (Srikrishna Prakashan)
5. Mathematical Physics–H.K.Dass, Dr. Rama Verma (S. ChandPublishing)

CORE PAPER I LAB:

The aim of this Lab is not just to teach computer programming and numerical
analysis but to emphasize its role in solving problems in Physics.

• Highlights the use of computational methods to solve physicalproblems

• Thecoursewillconsistoflectures(boththeoryandpractical)intheLab
• •
Evaluation done not on the programming but on the basis of formulating
theproblem
• •
Aim at teaching students to construct the computational problem to be solved
• StudentscanuseanyoneoperatingsystemLinuxorMicrosoftWindows

Introduction and Overview: Computer architecture and organization, memory

and Input/output devices.

Basics of scientific computing: Binary and decimal arithmetic, Floating

pointnumbers,algorithms,Sequence,SelectionandRepetition,singleanddouble
precision arithmetic, underflow and overflow emphasize the importance of
makingequationsintermsofdimensionlessvariables,Iterativemethods. Algorithm
Errors and error Analysis: Truncation and round off errors, Absolute and
relative errors, Floating point computations. Systematic and Random Errors,
Propagation of Errors, Normal Law of Errors, Standard and Probable Error.

Review of C and C++ Programming: Introduction to Programming, constants,

variables and Fundamentals data types, operators and Expressions, I/O
statements, scanf and printf, c in and c out, Manipulators for data format- ting,
Control statements (decision making and looping statements) (If
Statement,IfelseStatement,NestedIfstructure,ElseIfStatement,Ternaryoperator,
Goto Statement. Switch Statement. Unconditional and Conditional Looping.
While Loop. Do-While Loop. FOR Loop. Break and Continue Statements. Nested
Loops), Arrays (1D and 2D) and strings, user defined functions,Structures and
Unions, Idea of classes andobjects
Programs: Sum and average of a list of numbers, largest of a given list of numbers
and its location in the list, sorting of numbers in ascending descending order, Binary
search
Random number generation: Area of circle, area of square, volume of sphere,
value ofπ.

Reference Books:
1. Introduction
• to Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry, 5th Edn., 2012, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2. Schaum’sOutlineofProgrammingwithC++.J.Hubbard,2000,McGraw–
•

HillPub.
3. NumericalRecipesinC:TheArtofScientificComputing,W.H.Pressetal,
• 3rd
Edn. 2007, Cambridge UniversityPress.
4. A first course
• in Numerical Methods, U.M. Ascher and C. Greif, 2012, PHI
Learning.
5. Elementary
• Numerical Analysis, K.E. Atkinson, 3rd Edn. , 2007 , Wiley
India Edition.
6. Numerical
• Methods for Scientists and Engineers, R.W. Hamming, 1973,

Courier DoverPub.
7. AnIntroductiontocomputationalPhysics,T.Pang,2ndEdn.,
• 2006,Cam- bridge
Univ.Press.
 CORE PAPER-II
MECHANICS
UNIT-I

Rotational Dynamics: Centre of Mass, Motion of CoM, Centre of Mass and

Laboratory frames, Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles,
Principle of conservation of angular momentum, Rotation about a fixed axis,
Moment of Inertia, Perpendicular and Parallel Axis Theorems, Routh Rule,
Calculation of moment of inertia for cylindrical and spherical bodies, Kinetic
energy of rotation, Eulers Equations of Rigid Body motion, Motion involving
both translation and rotation. Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel.
Non-Inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces, Uniformly rotating
frame, Laws of Physics in rotating coordinate systems, Centrifugal force, Coriolis
force and itsapplications.

UNIT-II Elasticity: Relation between Elastic constants, Twisting torque on a Cylinder

or Wire, Bending of beams, External bending moment, Flexural rigidity, Single and
double cantilever

Fluid Motion: Kinematics of Moving Fluids: Poiseuilles Equation for Flow of a

Liquid through a Capillary Tube, Surface tension, Gravity waves andripple
Viscocity: Poiseuilles Equation for Flow of a Liquid with corrections.

UNIT-IIIGravitation and Central Force Motion: Law of gravitation, Gravitational

potential energy, Inertial and gravitational mass, Potential and field due to spherical shell
and solid sphere, Motion of a particle under a central force field, Two-body problem and its
reduction to one-body problem and its solution, Differential Equation of motion with central
force and its solution, The first Integrals (two), Concept of power Law Potentials, Keplers
Laws of Planetary motion, Satellites:. Geosynchronous orbits, Weightlessness, Basic idea of
global positioning system (GPS), Physiological effects on astronauts.
UNIT-IV

Oscillations: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy
and their time-average values. Damped oscillation. Equation of motion and solution(,cases
of oscillatory, critically damped and overdamped) Forced oscillations: Transient and steady
states; Resonance, sharpness of
resonance;powerdissipationandQualityFactor,BarPendulum,KatersPendulum

Special Theory of Relativity: Michelson-Morley Experiment and its out- come,

Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz
Transformations,Simultaneityandorderofevents,Lorentzcontraction,Timedilation,
Relativistic transformation of velocity, Frequency and wave number, Relativistic
addition of velocities, Variation of mass with velocity, Massless Particles,Mass-
energy Equivalence, Relativistic Doppler effect, Relativistic
Kinematics,Transformation of Energy andMomentum.

Text Books:
1. Mechanics,
• D.S. Mathur (S. Chand Publishing )
•
2. Introduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick (John Wiley)
Reference Books:
1. Introduction
• to Mechanics Daniel Klapnner and Robert Kolenkow, McgrawHill.
2. Mechanics
• by K.R Simon
3. Mechanics,
• Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C.Kittel, W. Knight, etal (Tata McGraw-
Hill)
4. Physics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker (8/e.2008,Wiley)
5. Theoretical Mechanics-M.R. Spiegel (Tata McGrawHill).
6. Feynman Lectures, Vol. I, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands (Pearson)
7. Mechanics-M.Das, P.K.Jena and R.N. Mishra (SrikrishnaPublications)
 CORE PAPER-1I LAB
(minimum 5 experiments are to be done):

1. To study• surface tension by capillary rise method

•
2. To determine the height of a building using a Sextant.
3. To study
• the Motion of Spring and calculate (a) Spring constant, (b) g and
(c) Modulus of rigidity.
4. To determine
• the Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel.
5. To determine
• Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Method
(Poiseuilles method).
6. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwellsneedle.
7. To determine the value of g using BarPendulum.
8. To determine the value of g using KatersPendulum

Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971,

AsiaPublishing House
2. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,

4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers

3. A Text Book
• of Practical Physics, I.Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11thEdn,
2011, Kitab Mahal

CORE PAPER-III
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
UNIT-I

Electric Field and Electric Potential

Electric field: Electric field lines, Electric flux, Gauss Law with applications to
charge distributions with spherical, cylindrical and planar symmetry,
Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field. Electrostatic Potential, Potential and
Electric Field of a dipole, Force and Torque on a dipole, Potential calculation
indifferentsimplecases,LaplacesandPoissonequations,TheUniquenessTheorem,
Method of Images and its application to (1) Plane Infinite Sheet and (2) Sphere.
Electrostaticenergyofsystemofcharges,Electrostaticenergyofacharged
sphere,ConductorsinanelectrostaticField,Surfacechargeandforceonaconductor.

UNIT-II

Magnetic Field: Magnetic Force, Lorentz Force, Biot Savarts Law, Cur- rent
Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (analogy withElectric Dipole),
Amperes Circuital Law and its application to (1) Solenoid (2)Toroid
(3) Helmhotz coil, Properties of B:curl and divergence, Vector Potential, Ballistic
Galvanometer: Torque on a current Loop, Current and Charge Sensitivity,
Electromagnetic damping, Logarithmic damping, CDR.

UNIT-III

Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter, Polarization,

PolarizationCharges,ElectricalSusceptibilityandDielectricConstant,Capacitor
(parallelplate,spherical,cylindrical)filledwithdielectric,Displacementvector D,
Relations between E, P and D, Gauss Law in dielectrics. Magnetic Properties of
Matter: Magnetization vector (M), Magnetic Intensity (H), Magnetic
Susceptibility and permeability, Relation between B, H, M, Ferromagnetism, B-H
curve andhysteresis.
Electromagnetic Induction: Faradays Law, Lenzs Law, Self Inductance and
Mutual Inductance, Reciprocity Theorem, Energy stored in a Magnetic Field,
Introduction to MaxwellsEquations

UNIT-IV

Electrical Circuits: AC Circuits: Kirchhoffs laws for AC circuits, Complex Reactance and
Impedance, Series LCR Circuit: (1) Resonance (2) Power Dissipation (3) Quality Factor, (4)
Band Width, Parallel LCR Circuit.

Network theorems: Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources,

Network Theorems: Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Superposition theorem,
Reciprocity theorem, Maximum Power Transfer theorem, Applications to DC
circuits. Transient Currents Growth and decay of current in RC and LR circuits.

Text Books:
1. Introduction
• to Electrodynamics – D.J. Griffiths (Pearson, 4th edition,
2015)
2. Foundations
• of Electromagnetic Theory-Ritz and Milford (Pearson)

Reference Books:
1. Classical
• Electrodynamics, J. D. Jackson (Wiley).
2. Electricity
• and Magnetism D. C. Tayal (Himalaya Publishing house)
•
3. Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Theory- S. Mahajan and
Choudhury ( Tata McGraw Hill)
4. Feynman
• Lectures Vol.2, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands (
Pear- son)
5. Electricity
• and Magnetism, J. H. Fewkes and J. Yarwood. Vol. I
(Oxford Univ. Press)

CORE PAPER-II1
LAB (minimum of 6 experiments are to be done)

Use a Multimeter
• for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, c)DC
•
Current, (d) Capacitances, and (e) Checking electricalfuses.

1. To study the characteristics of a series RCCircuit.

2. To
• determine an unknown Low Resistance using Potentiometer.

3. To• determine an unknown Low Resistance using Carey Fosters

•
Bridge. To compare capacitances using DeSautysbridge.
4. Measurement
• of field strength B and its variation in a solenoid
(determine dB/dx)
5. To
• verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems.
 6. To
• determine self inductance of a coil by Andersons bridge.

7. To• study response curve of a Series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Reso-
nant frequency, (b) Impedance at resonance, (c) Quality factor Q, and (d)
Band width.
8. To
• study the response curve of a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a)

Antiresonance frequency and (b) Quality factor Q.

Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
1971, Asia Publishing House
2. A• Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th
Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
3. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
4. A• Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes,
D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.

CORE PAPER-1V: WAVES AND OPTICS

UNlT - I

Geometrical optics : Fermats principle, reflection and refraction at plane interface,

Matrix formulation of geometrical Optics, Cardinal points and Cardinal planes of an
optical system, Idea of dispersion, Application to thick Lens and thin Lens, Ramsden
and Huygens eyepiece. Wave Optics : Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and
properties of wave front Huygens Principle. Temporal and SpatialCoherence.

UNlT - II

Wave Motion : Plane and Spherical Waves, Longitudinal and Transverse Waves,
Plane Progressive (Traveling) Waves, Wave Equation, Particle and Wave Velocities,
Differential Equation, Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave, Energy Trans- port, Intensity
of Wave. Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations : Graphical and
Analytical Methods, Lissajous Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and
theiruses,SuperpositionofNharmonicwaves.

UNlT- III

Interference : Division of amplitude and wave front, Youngs double slit experiment,
Lloyds Mirror and Fresnels Bi-prism, Phase change on reflection: Stokes treatment,
Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films, Fringes of equal
inclination (Haidinger Fringes), Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes), Newtons
Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Interferometer : Michelsons
Interferometer-(1) Idea of form of fringes (No theory required), (2) Determination of
Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility
ofFringes, Fabry-Perot interferometer.

UNlT - IV

Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit, Circular aperture, Resolving Power of a

telescope, Double slit, Multiple slits, Diffraction grating, Resolving power of grating.
Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnels Assumptions, Fresnels Half-Period Zones for Plane
Wave, Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light, Theory of a Zone Plate:
Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate, Fresnels Integral, Fresnel diffraction
patternofastraightedge,aslitandawire.

TextBooks: •

1. AtextbookofOpticsN.SubrahmanyamandBrijLal(S.Chand Publishing)
2. Optics
• - Ajoy Ghatak (McGraw Hill)
Reference Books:
1. Optics-E.Hecht(Pearson)
2. FundamentalsofOptics-F.A.JenkinsandH.E.White(McGraw-Hill)
3. Geometrical and Physical Optics R.S. Longhurst (OrientBlackswan)
4. ThePhysicsofVibrationsandWaves-H.J.Pain(JohnWiley)
5. OpticsP.K.Chakrabarty
 6. PrinciplesofOptics-MaxBornandEmilWolf(PergamonPress)
7. ThePhysicsofWavesandOscillations-N.K.Bajaj(McGrawHill)

CORE PAPER-IV LAB

• (minimum 5 experiments are to be done)
1. TodeterminethefrequencyofanelectrictuningforkbyMeldesexperiment and
verify 2 Tlaw.
2. To
• plot the I-D curve and to determine the refractive index of a prism

3. To
• determine refractive index of the Material of a prism using sodium source.

4. . To
• determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the

material of a prism using mercury source.

5. To
• determine wavelength of sodium light using Newtons Rings.

6. To
• determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg

source using plane diffraction grating.

7. To
• determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction

grating.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
1971, Asia Publishing House
2. A• Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th
Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
3. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
4. A• Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D. P.
Khandelwal, 1985, Vani

CORE PAPER-V
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II
 Theemphasisofthecourseisonapplicationsinsolvingproblemsofinterest to
physicists. Students are to be examined on the basis of problems, seen and
unseen.

UNIT-I
Fourier Series-I: Periodic functions, Orthogonality of sine and cosine functions,
Dirichlet Conditions (Statement only), Expansion of periodic functions in a series of
sine and cosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients, Complex
representation of Fourier series, Expansion of functions with arbitrary period,
Expansion of non-periodic functions over an interval, Even and odd functions and
their Fourier expansions and Application, Summing of Infinite Series, Term-by-Term
differentiation and integration of Fourier Series, Parseval Identity.

UNIT-II
Frobenius Method and Special Functions: Singular Points of Second
OrderLinearDifferentialEquationsandtheirimportance,SingularitiesofBessels and
Laguerre Equations, Frobenius method and its applications to differential
equations:LegendreandHermiteDifferentialEquations,LegendreandHermite
Polynomials: Rodrigues Formula, Generating Function,Orthogonality.

UNIT-III
Polynomials: Simple recurrence relations of Legendre and Hermite Polynomials,
Expansion of function in a series of Legendre Polynomials, Associated Legendre
Differential Equation, Associated Legendre polynomials, Spherical Harmonics

Some Special Integrals: Beta and Gamma Functions and relation between them,
Expression of Integrals in terms of Gamma Functions, Error Function (Probability
Integral).

UNIT-IV
Partial Differential Equations: Solutions to partial differential equations using
separation of variables: Laplace’s Equation in problems of rectangular,
cylindrical and spherical symmetry. Conducting and dielectric sphere in an
external uniform electric field. Wave equation and its solution for vibrational
modes of a stretched string

Text Books:
1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicists,G.B.Arfken,H.J.Weber,F.E.Harris
•

(2013, 7th Edn.,Elsevier)

2. Advanced
• Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley India)
Reference Books:
1. Mathematical
• Physics and Special Relativity, M. Das, P.K. Jena and
B.K. Dash (Srikrishna Prakashan)
2. Mathematical
• Physics–H. K. Dass, Dr. Rama Verma (S. Chand
• •
Publishing)
3. Mathematical Physics C. Harper (Prentice HallIndia)ComplexVariable:
4. Schaum’s Outlines Series M. Spiegel (2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Education)
5. Complex variables and applications J.W.Brown and R.V.Churchill
6. Mathematical Physics, Satya Prakash (Sultan Chand)
7. Mathematical Physics B.D.Gupta (4th edition, VikasPublication

CORE PAPER-VLAB
The aim of this Lab is to use the computational methods to solve physical problems.
Course will consist of lectures (both theory and practical) in the Lab. Evaluation done
not on the programming but on the basis of formulating the problem.

Topics
Introduction to Numerical computation software Scilab: Introduction to
Scilab, Advantages and disadvantages, Scilab computation software Scilab
environment, Command window, Figure window, Edit window, Variables and arrays,
Initialising variables in Scilab, Multidimensional arrays, Subarray, Special values,
Displaying output data, data file, Scalar and array operations, Hierarchy of
operations, Built in Scilab functions, Introduction to plotting, 2D and 3D plotting (2),
 Branching Statements and program design, Relational and logical operators, the while
loop, for loop, details of loop operations, break and continue statements, nested loops,
logical arrays and vectorization (2) User defined functions, Introduction to Scilab
functions, Variable passing in Scilab, optional arguments, preserving data between
calls to a function, Complex and Character data, string function, Multidimensional
arrays (2) an introduction to Scilab file processing, file opening and closing, Binary
I/o functions, comparing binary and formatted functions, Numerical methods and
developing the skills of writing a program(2).
Curve fitting, Least square fit Goodness of fit, standard constant
Deviation:Ohms law to calculate R, Hookes law to calculate spring constant

Solution of Linear system of equations by Gauss elimination Solution

method and Gauss Seidal method. Diagonalization matrices, Inverse of a
matrix, Eigen vectors, problems: Solution of mesh equations of
electriccircuits(3meshes),Solutionofcoupledspringmasssystems(3masses)

Solution of ODE First order Differential equation Euler, modiftedEuler

Runge-Kutta second methods Second order differential equation. Fixed
difference method: First order differentialequation
• Radioactivedecay
• Current in RC, LC circuits with DCsource
• Newtons law ofcooling
• Classical equations ofmotion

Second order DifferentialEquation

• Harmonic oscillator (nofriction)
• Damped Harmonicoscillator
• Overdamped
• Criticaldamped
• Oscillatory
• Forced Harmonicoscillator
• Transient and Steady statesolution
• Apply above to LCR circuitsalso

Reference Books:
1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicsandEngineers,K.FRiley,M.P.Hobson
•

and S. J.20 Bence, 3rd ed., 2006, Cambridge UniversityPress

2. Complex
• Variables, A.S. Fokas and M.J. Ablowitz, 8th Ed., 2011,
Cambridge Univ. Press
3. Firstcourseincomplexanalysiswithapplications,D.G.ZillandP.D.Shana-
•

han, 1940, Jones andBartlett

4. Simulation
• of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB, OCTAVE and SCILAB:
Scientific and Engineering Applications: A.V. Wouwer, P. Saucez, C.V.
Fern- ndez. 2014 Springer
5. Scilab
• by example: M. Affouf 2012, ISBN: 978-1479203444
6. Scilab(AfreesoftwaretoMatlab):H.Ramchandran,A.S.Nair.2011S.Chand
•

andCompany
7. Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 2010 BetascriptPublishing

CORE PAPER-VI

THERMAL PHYSICS

UNIT-I

Introduction to Thermodynamics Recapitulation of Zeroth and First law of

thermodynamics,

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible and Irreversible process with

examples, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence, Carnots
Theorem, Applications of Second Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic
ScaleofTemperatureanditsEquivalencetoPerfectGasScale.
Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem. Clausius Inequality, Second Law
of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy, Entropy of a perfect gas, Principle of
increase of Entropy, Entropy Changes in Reversible and Irreversible processes with
examples, Entropy of the Principle of Increase of Entropy, Temperature Entropy
diagrams for Carnots Cycle, Third Law of Thermodynamics, Unattainability of
AbsoluteZero.

UNIT-II

Thermodynamic Potentials: Extensive and Intensive Thermodynamic Variables,

Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz Free

Energy,GibbsFreeEnergy,TheirDefinitions,PropertiesandApplications,Sur-
faceFilmsandVariationofSurfaceTensionwithTemperature,MagneticWork,
Cooling due to adiabaticdemagnetization
Phase Transitions: First and second order Phase Transitions with examples,
Clausius Clapeyron Equation and Ehrenfest equations
Maxwells Thermodynamic Relations: Derivations and applications of Maxwells
Relations, Maxwells Relations: (1) Clausius Clapeyron equation (2) Relation
betweenCpandCv(3)TdSEquations,(4)Joule-KelvincoefficientforIdealand
Van der Waal Gases (5) Energy equations (6) Change of Temperature during Adiabatic
Process.

UNIT-III

Kinetic Theory ofGases

Distribution of Velocities: Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of Velocities in
an Ideal Gas and its Experimental Verification, Sterns Experiment, Mean, RMS and
Most Probable Speeds, Degrees of Freedom, Law of Equipartition of Energy (No
proof required), Specific heats of Gases.
Molecular Collisions: Mean Free Path, Collision Probability, Estimates of Mean
Free Path,

Transport Phenomenon in Ideal Gases: (1) Viscosity, (2) Thermal

Conductivity and (3) Diffusion. Brownian Motion and its Significance.
UNIT-IV

Real Gases: Behavior of Real Gases: Deviations from the Ideal Gas Equation, The
Virial Equation, Andrews Experiments on CO2 Gas. Critical Constants, Continuity of
Liquid and Gaseous State. Vapour and Gas, Boyle Temperature, Van der Waals
Equation of State for Real Gases, Values of Critical Constants, Law of Corresponding
States, Comparison with Experimental Curves, P-V Diagrams, Joules Experiment,
Free Adiabatic Expansion of a Perfect Gas, Joule- Thomson Porous Plug Experiment,
Joule- Thomson Effect for Real and Van der Waal Gases, Temperature of
Inversion, Joule-ThomsonCooling

Text Books:
1. Thermal
• Physics, A. B. Gupta (Books and allied Ltd)
2. Heat
• and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman
(McGraw- Hill)

Reference Books:
1. Theory
• and experiments on thermal Physics, P.K.Chakrabarty (New
cen- tral book agency limited)
2. Thermodynamics,KineticTheoryandStatisticalThermodynamics-
•

Searsand Salinger(Narosa)
3. A• Treatise on Heat- Meghnad Saha and B.N.Srivastava (The Indian
•
Press) Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, N.Subrahmanyam
and Brij Lal (S.Chand Publishing)
4. Thermal
• and Statistical Physics M.Das, P.K. Jena, S. Mishra,
R.N.Mishra (Shri Krishna Publication)

CORE PAPER-VI LAB

(minimum 5 experiments are to be done):
 1. To determine
• Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by Callender and Barnes
constant flow method.
2. To
• determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of a bad

conductor by Lee and Charltons disc method.

3. To
• determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Platinum

Resistance Thermometer (PRT).

4. To
• study the variation of Thermo-Emf of a Thermocouple with Difference of

Temperature of its Two Junctions.

5. To determine J byCaloriemeter
6. Todeterminethespecificheatofliquidbythemethodofcooling
7. Todeterminethespecificheatofsolidbyapplyingradiationofcorrection.

Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
1971, Asia Publishing House
2. A• Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th
Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
3. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
4. A• Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate
classes,D.P.Khandelwal,1985, Vani Pub.

CORE PAPER-VII
ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT-I

Semiconductor Diodes: P and N type semiconductors, energy level diagram,

conductivity and Mobility, Concept of Drift velocity, PN junction fabrication (simple
idea), Barrier formation in PN Junction Diode, Static and Dynamic Resistance,
Current flow mechanism in Forward and Reverse Biased Diode, Drift velocity,
derivation for Barrier Potential, Barrier Width and current Step Junction.
Two terminal device and their applications: (1) Rectifier Diode: Half-
waveRectifiers.center-tappedandbridgetypeFull-waveRectifiers,Calculation of
Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency,L and C Filters (2) Zener Diode and
Voltage Regulation, Principle and structure of LEDS, (2) Photo diode(3)
SolarCell.

UNIT II

Bipolar Junction Transistors: n-p-n and p-n-p transistors, Characterstics of

CB, CE and CC Configurations, Current gains a and b, Relation between a and b,
Load line analysis of Transistors, DC Load line and Q-point, Physical
mechanismofcurrentflow,Active,Cut-offandSaturationRegions.
Transistors Biasing: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization circuits, Fixed Bias
and Voltage DividerBias.
Amplifiers: Transistors as 2-port network h-parameter Equivalent Circuit, Analysis
of a single stage CE amplifier using Hybrid Model, Input and Output impedance,
Current, Voltage and Power Gains, Classification of class A, B and C amplifiers,
Push-pull amplifier (classB)
UNIT-III
Coupled Amplifier: RC-coupled amplifier and its frequency response.

Feedback in Amplifiers: Effect of Positive and Negative Feedback on In- put

Impedance, Output Impedance, Gain Stability, Distortion and Noise. Sinusoidal
Oscillations: Barkhausens Gaterian for self-sustained oscillations. RC Phase shift
oscillator, determination of Frequency, Hartley and Colpitts oscillators.

UNIT-IV

Operational Amplifiers (Black Box approach): Characteristics of an Ideal and

Practical OP-AMP (IC741). Open-loop and Closed loop Gain. Frequency
Response. CMRR, Slew Rate and concept of virtualground.

Application of Op-Amps: (1) Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers (2) Adder

(3) Subtractor (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator (6) Log amplifier, (7) Zero
crossing detector (8) Wein bridgeoscillator.
Text Books:
•
1. Foundations of Electronics-Raskhit and Chattopadhyay (New age Interna-
tional Publication)

2. Concept of Electronics- D.C.Tayal (HimalayPublication)

Reference Books:

1. ElectronicdevicesandcircuitsR.L.Boylstad(PearsonIndia)

2. Electronic Principles- A.P.Malvino (Tata McGrawHill)

3. Principles
• of Electronics- V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta (S. Chand Pub-
lication)
4. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit-R. A. Gayakwad (PrenticeHall)

5. PhysicsofSemiconductordevices,DonaldANeamen(PrenticeHall)

CORE PAPER-VII LAB

(minimum 5 experiments are to bedone)

1. To study
• the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode and its use as voltage
regulator.
2. Study
• of V-I and power curves of solar cells, and find maximum power
point and efficiency.
3. To
• study the characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor in CE

configuration.
4. To
• study the various biasing configurations of BJT for normal class A

operation.
5. To
• study the frequency response of voltage gain of a RC-coupled transistor

amplifier.
6. TodesignaWienbridgeoscillatorforgivenfrequencyusinganop-amp.
7. TodesignaphaseshiftoscillatorofgivenspecificationsusingBJT.
 8. To study the Colpitt‘soscillator.

Reference Books:
1. Modern
• Digital Electronics, R.P. Jain, 4th Edition, 2010, Tata McGraw
2. Hill.
3. Basic
• Electronics: A text lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino, M.A.
Miller, 1994, Mc-Graw Hill.
4. Microprocessor
• Architecture Programming and applications with 8085,
R.S. Goankar, 2002, Prentice Hall.
5. Microprocessor
• 8085:Architecture, Programming and interfacing, A.
Wadhwa, 2010, PHI Learning.

CORE PAPER-VIII
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-III
The emphasis of the course is on applications in solving problems of interest to
physicists. Students are to be examined on the basis of problems, seen and unseen.

UNIT-I
Complex Analysis: Brief Revision of Complex Numbers and their Graphical
Representation Eulers formula, De Moivres theorem, Roots of complex Numbers,
Functions of Complex Variables, Analyticity and Cauchy-Riemann Conditions,
Examples of analytic functions, Singular functions: poles and branch points, order of
singularity, branch cuts, Integration of a function of a complex variable, Cauchys
Inequality, Cauchys Integral formula, Simply and multiply connected region, Laurent
and Taylors expansion, Residues and Residue Theorem, Application in solving
Definite Integrals.

UNIT-II
Integral Transforms-I: Fourier Transforms: Fourier Integral theorem,Fourier
Transform,Examples,FourierTransformoftrigonometric,Gaussian,finitewave train
and other functions, Representation of Dirac delta function as a Fourier Integral,
Fourier transform of derivatives, Inverse FourierTransform.

UNIT-III

Integral Transforms-II : Convolution theorem, Properties of Fourier Trans- forms

(translation, change of scale, complex conjugation), Three dimensional
Fouriertransformswithexamples,ApplicationofFourierTransformstodifferentialequations:
OnedimensionalWaveandDiffusion/HeatflowEquations.

UNIT-IV

Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transforms (LT) of Elementary functions,

Properties of Laplace Transforms: Change of Scale Theorem, Shifting Theorem,

LTs of Derivatives and Integrals of Functions, Derivatives and Integrals of Functions,
Derivatives and Integrals of LTs. LT of Unit Step function, Dirac Delta function,
Periodic Functions, Inverse LT, Application of Laplace Transforms to Differential
Equations: Damped Harmonic Oscillator, Simple Electrical Circuits.

Text Books:
1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicists,G.B.Arfken,H.J.Weber,F.E.Harris
•

(2013,7th Edn.,Elsevier)
2. AdvancedEngineeringMathematics,ErwinKreyszig(WileyIndia)

Reference Books:
1. MathematicalPhysicsandSpecialRelativity–M.Das,P.K.JenaandB.K.
• Dash
(SrikrishnaPrakashan)
2. Mathematical
• Physics–H. K. Dass, Dr. Rama Verma (S. Chand Publishing)
•
Mathematical Physics C. Harper (Prentice Hall India)
3. Complex• Variable: Schaum’s Outlines Series M. Spiegel (2nd Edition , Mc- Graw
 Hill Education)
4. Complex variables and applications J.W.Brown and R.V.Churchill
5. Mathematical Physics, Satya Prakash (Sultan Chand)
6. MathematicalPhysicsB.D.Gupta(4thedition,VikasPublication)

CORE PAPER-VIII LAB

Scilab based simulations(XCos) experiments based on Mathematical Physics
problems like

• Direct Delta Function

Reference Books:
1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicsandEngineers,K.FRiley,M.P.Hobson
•

and S. J. Bence, 3rd ed., 2006, Cambridge UniversityPress

2. MathematicsforPhysicists,P.DenneryandA.Krzywicki,1967,DoverPub-
•

lications
3. Simulation
• of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB, OCTAVE and SCILAB:
Scientific and Engineering Applications: A. VandeWouwer, P. Saucez, C.
V. Fernndez. 2014 Springer ISBN: 978-3319067896
4. Scilab
• by example: M. Affouf, 2012. ISBN: 978-1479203444
5. Scilab(AfreesoftwaretoMatlab):H.Ramchandran,A.S.Nair.2011S.Chand
•
 andCompany
6. Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 2010 BetascriptPublishing

CORE PAPER-IX
ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS
UNIT- I

Atomic Spectra and Models: Inadequacy of classical physics, Brief Review of

Black body Radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, dual nature of
radiation wave nature of particles, Atomic spectra, Line spectra of hydrogen
atom, Ritz Rydberg combination principle, Alpha Particle Scattering, Ruther-
ford Scattering Formula, Rutherford Model of atom and its limitations.
Atomic Model: Bohrs Model of Hydrogen atom, explanation of atomic spec- tra,
correction for finite mass of the nucleus, Bohr correspondence principle, limitations
of Bohr model, discrete energy exchange by atom, Frank Hertz Experiment,
Sommerfelds modification of BohrsTheory.

UNIT- II

Wave Packet: superposition of two waves, phase velocity and group velocity,
wave packets, Gaussian Wave Packet, spatial distribution of wave packet,
Localizationofwavepacketintime,Timedevelopmentofawavepacket,Wave Particle
Duality,Complemntarity.
Wave Particle Duality: de Broglie hypothesis, Experimental confirmation
ofmatterwave,DavissonGermerExperiment,velocityofdeBrogliewave,wave
particle duality,Complementarity.
Uncertainty Principle: Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Illustration of the
PrinciplethroughthoughtExperimentsofGammaraymicroscopeandelectron
diffraction through a slit, Estimation of ground state energy of harmonicoscillator
and hydrogen atom, non existence of electron in the nucleus,Uncertainty
andcomplementarities.
UNIT- III

Nuclear Physics- I: Size and structure of atomic nucleus and its relation with
atomic weight, Impossibility of an electron being in the nucleus as a con- sequence of
the uncertainty principle, Nature of the nuclear force, NZ graph, Liquid Drop model:
semi empirical mass formula and binding energy, Nuclear Shell Model and
magicnumbers.

UNIT- IV

Nuclear Physics- II: Radioactivity, stability of the nucleus, Law of

radioactivedecay,MeanlifeandHalflifeAlphadecay,Betadecay-energyreleased,spectrum
and Paulis prediction of neutrino, Gamma ray emission energy-momentum
conservation: electron-positron pair creation by gamma photons in the vicinity of a
nucleus, Fission and fusion mass deficit, relativity and generation of energy, Fission-
nature of fragments and emission of neutrons, Nuclear reactor: slow neutron
interacting with Uranium 235, Fusion and thermonuclear reactions driving stellar
energy (brief qualitativediscussion).

Text Books:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics Arthur Beiser (McGrawHill)
2. Modern Physics Murugeshan and Sivaprasad(S.Chand)

Reference Books:
1. QuantumMechanics:TheoryandApplications,A.K.GhatakandS.Lokanathan,
(Macmillan)
2. Introduction to Quantum Theory, David Park (DoverPublications)
3. TheoryandProblemsofModernPhysics,Schaum‘soutline,R.Gautreau and
W.Savin- (Tata McGraw-Hill)
4. Modern Physics-Serway (CENGAGELearnings)
5. Physics of Atoms and Molecules Bransden and Joachim (PearsonIndia)
6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-A.B.Gupta (NewCentral)
 7. Theoretical Nuclear Physics , J.M.Blatt and V.F. Weisskopf(Springer)

CORE PAPER-IX LAB

(minimum 4 experiments are to bedone):
1. To show the tunneling effect in tunnel diode using I-Vcharacteristics.
2. To determine the wavelength of laser source using diffraction of single slit.
3. To determine the wavelength of laser source using diffraction of double
slits.
4. To determine (1) wavelength and (2) angular spread of He-Ne laser using
plane diffraction grating.
5. Todetermine the Plancks constant using LEDs of at least 4
differentcolours.
6. To determine the value of e/m by (a) Magnetic focusing or (b) Bar
magnet.
7. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an
electron.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971,
Asia Publishing House
2. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A Text
• Books Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakashand Ramakrishna,

11th Edn, 2011,Kitab Mahal

CORE PAPER-X
DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT-I

Integrated Circuits (Qualitative treatment only): Active and Passive Components,

Discrete components, Wafer Chip, Advantages and Drawbacks of ICs, Scale of
Integration: SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI (basic idea and definitions only), Classification
of ICs, Examples of Linear and Digital ICs.
 Digital Circuits: Difference between Analog and Digital Circuits, Binary
Numbers, Decimal to Binary and Binary to Decimal Conversation, BCD, Octal
and Hexadecimal numbers, AND, OR and NOT. Gates (realization using Diodes
and Transistor), NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates, XOR and XNOR
Gates and application as Parity Checkers.

UNIT-II

Boolean algebra: De Morgans Theorems: Boolean Laws, Simplification of Logic

Circuit using Boolean Algebra, Fundamental Products, Idea of Minterms
andMaxterms,ConversionofaTruthtableintoEquivalentLogicCircuitby
(1) Sum of Products Method and (2) KarnaughMap.
Introduction to CRO: Block Diagram of CRO, Electron Gun, Deflection system
and Time Base, Deflection Sensitivity,
Applications of CRO: (1) Study of Wave Form, (2) Measurement of Volt- age,
Current, Frequency and Phase Difference.

UNIT-III

Data Processing Circuits: Basic Idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders,

Encoders.

Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2s complement. Half

and Full Adders. Half and Full Subtractors, 4 bit binary Adder/Subtractor.
Timers: IC 555: block diagram and application is Astable multivibrator and
Monostable multivibrator.

UNIT-IV

Introduction to Computer Organization: Input/output Devices, Data storage

(idea of RAM and ROM), Computer memory, Memory organization and
addressing, Memory Interfacing, Memory Map.

Shift registers: Serial-in-serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serial- out

and Parallel-in-Parallel-out. Shift Registers (only up to 4 bits)
Counters (4 bits): Ring Counter, Asynchronous counters, Decade Counter.
Synchronous Counter.

Text Books:
1. DigitalCircuitsandLogicdesign:SamuelC.Lee(PrinticeHall)
2. Digital Principles and Applications - A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha
(TataMcGraw)
Reference Books :
1. The Art of Electronics by Paul Horowitz and Wilfield Hill ,Cambridge
University
2. Electronics by Allan R. Hambley ,Prentice Hall 3. Principles of
Electronics V.K.Mehta and Rohit Mehta (S.Chand Publishing)
3. Digital Logic and Computer design M. Morris Mano (Pearson) 5. Concepts
of Electronics D.C.Tayal (Himalaya Publishing house)

CORE PAPER--X LAB

(minimum 6 experiments are to bedone):

1. To measure (a) Voltage, and (b) Time period of a periodic waveform

usingCROandtotestaDiodeandTransistorusingaMillimeter.
2. To design a switch (NOT gate) using atransistor.
3. To verify and design AND, OR, NOT and XOR gates using NANDgates.
4. Half Adder, Full Adder and 4-bit binaryAdder.
5. Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Adder-Subtractor using Full AdderI.C.
6. TobuildFlip-Flop(RS,ClockedRS,D-typeandJK)circuitsusingNAND
gates.
7. To design an astable multivibrator of given specifications using 555Timer.
8. To design a monostable multivibrator of given specifications using 555
Timer.
Reference Books:
1. Basic• Electronics: A Text Books lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino,
2. M.A. Miller, 1994, Mc-GrawHill.
3. OP-Amps
• and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition,
2000, Prentice Hall.
4. Electronic
• Principle, Albert Malvino, 2008, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
•
ElectronicDevicesandcircuitTheory,R.L.BoylestadandL.D.Nashelsky,20
09, Pearson

CORE PAPER-XI
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT- I

Schrodinger equation : Time dependent Schrodinger equation , Properties of

Wave Function, Interpretation of wave function, Probability and probability current
densities in three dimensions, Conditions for Physical Acceptability of Wave
Function, Normalization, Linearity and Superposition Principles. Wave function of a
free particle ,Wave Packet, Fourier Transform and momemtum space Wavefunction
,Spread of Gaussian Wave packet, Evolution with time, Position and
MomentumUncertainty.

UNIT-II

Operators: Operators, Commutator Algebra, Position, Momentum Angular

Momentum and Energy operators, Hermitian Operators, Expectation valuesof
position and momentum, Ehrenfest Theorem, Eigenvalues andEigenfunctions of
Hermitian Operator, Energy Eigen Spectrum, Degeneracy, Orthonormality of
Eigen functions, Linear Dependance.Orthogonalisation.

UNIT-III

Time Independent Schrodinger equation in one dimension (1d), 2d and 3d,

Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigen values, expansion of an arbitrary
wave function as a linear combination of energy eigen functions, General solution of
the time dependent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear combinations of stationary
states. General Discussion of Bound states in an arbitrary potential: Continuity of
wave function, Boundary condition and emergence of discrete energy levels,
Application to one dimensional problem-Square well potential, Quantum mechanics
of simple Harmonic Oscillator-Energy Levels and energy eigen functions, ground
state, zero point energy and uncertainty principle, One dimensional infinitely rigid
boxenergy eigen values and eigen functions, normalization, quantum dot as example,
Quantum mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension across a step
potential and rectangular potential barrier.

UNIT-IV

Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields: Electron angular momentum.

Spacequantization,ElectronSpinandSpinAngularMomentum,LarmorsTheorem,Spi
nMagneticMoment,SternGerlachExperiment,VectorAtomModel,L-S and J-J
coupling, Zeeman Effect, Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic
Energy,GyromagneticRatioandBohrMagneton.AtomsinExternalMagnetic Fields:-
NormalandAnomalousZeemanEffect,PaschenbackandStarkEffect (qualitative
Discussiononly)

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Quantum Theory David Park (DoverPublications)
2. Introduction to Quantum Theory, D. J. Griffiths(Pearson)

Reference Books :
1. QuantumMechanics,TheoryandapplicationsA.GhatakandS.Lokanathan
(McMillanIndia)
2. QuantumMechanics-G.Aruldhas(PrinticeHallofIndia)
3. Quantum Physics–S. Gasiorowicz (Wiley)
4. QuantumMechanics-G.R.ChatwalandS.K.Anand
5. Quantum Mechanics -J.L. Powell and B. Craseman(Narosa)
6. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics M.Das and P.K.Jena (Shri Krishna
Publication)

CORE PAPER- XILAB

Laboratory based experiments:
1. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine magnetic field as a function
of the resonancefrequency
2. StudyofZeemaneffect:withexternalmagneticfield;Hyperfinesplitting
3. To show the tunneling effect in tunnel diode using I-Vcharacteristics.
4. Quantum efficiency ofCCDs
Reference Books:
1. Schaum’soutlineofProgrammingwithC++.J.Hubbard,2000,McGraw–
•

HillPublication
2. Numerical
• Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H. Pressetal.,
3rd Edn., 2007, Cambridge University Press.
 3. An •introduction to computational Physics, T.Pang, 2nd Edn.,2006,
Cam- bridge Univ. Press
4. Simulation
• of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB, OCTAVE and SCILAB:
Scientific and Engineering Applications: A. VandeWouwer, P. Saucez, C.
V. Fernndez.2014 Springer.
5. Scilab
• (A Free Software to Matlab): H. Ramchandran, A.S. Nair.

2011S. Chand andCo.

6. Scilab
• Image Processing: L.M.Surhone.2010 Betascript Publishing

ISBN:9786133459274

CORE PAPER-XII

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

UNIT-I

Crystal Structure: Solids, Amorphous and Crystalline Materials, Lattice translation

Vectors, Lattice with a Basis. Central and Non-Central Elements. Unit Cell, Miller
Indices, Types of Lattices, Reciprocal Lattice, Brillouin zones, DiffractionofX-
raysbycrystals,BraggLaw,AtomicandGeometricalFactor

UNIT-II

Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear, Monotomic

and Diatomic Chains, Acoustical and Optical Phonons, Qualitative Description of the
phonon spectrum in solids, Dulong and Petits Law, Einstein and Debye theories of
specific heat of solids, T 3 Law
Magnetic Properties of Matter: Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials,
Classical Langevins theory of dia and Paramagnetic Domains, Curies
law,WeissTheoryofFerromagnetismandFerromagneticDomains,Discussion of B-
H Curve, Hysteresis and EnergyLoss.
UNIT-III

Dielectric Properties of Materials: Polarization Local Electrical Field at

anAtom,DepolarizationField,ElectricSusceptibility,Polarizability,Clausius
Mosotti Equation, Classical theory of ElectronicPolarizability.
Lasers: Einsteins A and B co-efficientnts, Metastable States, Spontaneous and
Stimulated emissions, Optical Pumping and population Inversion, Three Level and
Four Level Lasers, Ruby Laser and He-Ne Laser.

UNIT-IV

Elementary band theory: Kronig-Penny model of band Gap, Conductor ,

Semiconductor(PandNtype)andinsulator,ConductivityofSemiconductor,
mobility,HallEffect,Measurementofconductivity(04probemethod)andHall Co-
efficient.

Superconductivity: Experimental Results, Critical Temperature, Critical

magneticfield,Meissnereffect,TypeIandtypeIISuperconductors,Londons
EquationandPenetrationDepth,Isotopeeffect,IdeaofBCStheory(Noderivation)
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics- Charles Kittel (WileyIndia)
2. LASERS:FundamentalsandApplications-
ThyagarajanandGhatak(McMil- lanIndia)
Reference Books:
1. SolidStatePhysics-N.W.AshcroftandN.D.Mermin(Cengage)
2. Solid State Physics- R.K.Puri and V.K. Babbar (S.ChandPublication)
3. Solid State Physics S. O. Pillai (New AgePublication)
4. Lasers and Non linear Optics B.B.Laud (WileyEastern)
5. Elements of Solid State Physics-J.P. Srivastava (Prentice Hall ofIndia)
6. Elementary Solid State Physics-Ali Omar (AddisonWiley)
 CORE PAPER-XII LAB
(minimum 4experiments are to bedone)
1. Measurement of susceptibility of paramagnetic solution (Quincks Tube-
Method)
2. To measure the Magnetic susceptibility ofSolids.
3. To measure the Dielectric Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency
4. To determine the Hall coefficient of a semiconductorsample.
5. To draw the BH curve of Fe using solenoid and to determine the energy
loss fromHysteresis
6. To measure the band gap of a given semiconductor by four-probemethod.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
1971, Asia Publishing House.
2. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
3. A Text
• Books Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakashand Ramakrishna,

11 Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal

4. Elements
• of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006,
Prentice- Hall of India.
CORE PAPER-XIII
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
UNIT-I

Maxwell Equations:Maxwells equations, Displacement Current, Vector and

ScalarPotentials,GaugeTransformations:LorentzandCoulombGauge,Boundary
Conditions at Interface between Different Media, Wave Equations, Plane Waves in
Dielectric Media, Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector, Electro-
magnetic(EM)EnergyDensity,PhysicalConceptofElectromagneticFieldEnergyDen
sity

UNIT-II
EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Plane EM waves through
vacuumandisotropicdielectricmedium,transversenatureofplaneEMwaves,
refractive index and dielectric constant, wave impedance, Propagationthrough
conductingmedia,relaxationtime,skindepth,Electricalconductivityofionized
gases,plasmafrequency,refractiveindex,skindepth,applicationtopropagation
throughionosphere.

UNIT-III

EM Wave in Bounded Media: Boundary conditions at a plane interface

betweentwomedia,ReflectionandRefractionofplanewavesatplaneinterface
betweentwodielectricmedia,LawsofReflectionandRefraction,Fresnel’sFormulaefor
perpendicularandparallelpolarizationcases,Brewster’slaw,ReflectionandTransmiss
ioncoefficients,Totalinternalreflection,evanescentwaves, Metallic reflection
(normalIncidence)

UNIT IV

Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves: Description of Linear, Circular

andEllipticalPolarization,UniaxialandBiaxialCrystals,LightPropagationin
UniaxialCrystal,DoubleRefraction,PolarizationbyDoubleRefraction,Nicol
Prism,Ordinaryandextraordinaryrefractiveindices,Productionanddetection of
Plane, Circularly and Elliptically PolarizedLight,
Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half- Wave Plates. Babinets
Compensator and its Uses, Analysis of Polarized Light.

Rotatory Polarization: Optical Rotation, Biots Laws for Rotatory Polarization,

Fresnels Theory of optical rotation, Calculation of angle of rotation, Experimental
verification of Fresnels theory, Specific rotation, Laurents half- shade
polarimeter.

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths ( Pearson)
2. PrinciplesofOptics-MaxBornandE.Wolf

Reference Books :
1. Classical Electrodynamics by J.D.Jackson
2. Foundationofelectromagnetictheory:RitzandMilford(Pearson)
3. Electricity and Magnetism : D C Tayal (HimalayaPublication)
4. Optics : A.K.Ghatak
5. Electricity and Magnetism : Chattopadhyaya, Rakhit (NewCentral)

CORE PAPER XIII LAB

(minimum 4 experiments are to bedone):

1. ToverifythelawofMalusforplanepolarizedlight.
2. To determine the specific rotation of sugar solution usingPolarimeter.
3. To analyze elliptically polarized Light by using a Babinetscompensator.
4. To determine the refractive index of liquid by total internal reflection using
Wollastonsair-film.
5. To determine the refractive Index of (1) glass and (2) a liquid by total
internal reflection using a Gaussianeyepiece.
6. To study the polarization of light by reflection and determine the polarizing
angle for air-glass interface.
7. ToverifytheStefan‘slawofradiationandtodetermineStefansconstant.
8. To determine the Boltzmann constant using V-I characteristics of PN
junctiondiode.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced
• Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
1971, Asia Publishing House.
2. Advanced
• level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn,
4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A Text
• Books Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakashand Ramakrishna, 11

Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers and
Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010,Springer
 CORE PAPER-XIV

STATISTICAL MECHANICS

UNIT- I

Classical Statistics-I: Macrostate and Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble,

Microcanonical, Canonical and Grand Canonical ensemble, Phase Space, Entropy
and Thermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition
Function.

UNIT- II
Classical Statistics-II : Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, classical
Entropy Expression, Gibbs Paradox, Sackur Tetrode equation, Law of equipartition of
Energy (with proof)- Applications to Specific Heat and its Limitations,
Thermodynamic Functions of a two energy levels system, NegativeTemperature.

UNIT-III

Quantum Statistics: Identical particles, macrostates and microstates, Fermions and

Bosons, Bose Einstein distribution function and Fermi- Dirac distribution function.
Bose- Einstein Condensation, Bose deviation from Plancks law, Effect of
temperature on Fermi-Dirac distribution function, degenerate Fermi gas, Density of
States Fermienergy.

UNIT-IV

Radiation: Properties of Thermal Radiation, Blackbody Radiation, Pure Temperature

dependence, Kirchhoffs law, Stefan Boltzmann law: Thermodynamic proof,
Radiation Pressure, Weins Displacement law, Wiens distribution Law, Sahas
Ionization Formula, Rayleigh Jeans Law, Ultra Violetcatastrophe.
Plancks Law of Black body Radiation: Experimental verification, Deduction of
(1) Wiens Distribution Law, (2) Rayleigh Jeans Law, (3) Stefan Boltzmann Law,
(4)Weins Displacement Law from Plancks Law.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Statistical Physics by Kerson Huang(Wiley).
2. StatisticalPhysics,BerkeleyPhysicsCourse,F.Reif(TataMcGraw-Hill)
ReferenceBooks:
1. Statistical Mechanics, B.K.Agarwal and Melvin Eisner (New Age Inter-
national)
2. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics:
FrancisW.SearsandGerhardL.Salinger(Narosa)
3. Statistical Mechanics: R.K.Pathria and Paul D. Beale (AcademicPress)

CORE PAPER-XIV LAB

Use C/C++/Scilab for solving the problems based on Statistical Mechanics
like
1. PlotPlanckslawforBlackBodyradiationandcompareitwithWeins
2. Law and Raleigh-Jeans Law at high temperature (room temperature) and
low temperature.
3. Plot Specific Heat of Solids by comparing (a) Dulong-Petit law, (b) Ein
steindistributionfunction,(c)Debyedistributionfunctionforhightemperatur
e
(roomtemperature)andlowtemperatureandcomparethemforthesetwocases
4. Plot Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function versustemperature.
5. Plot Fermi-Dirac distribution function versustemperature.
6. Plot Bose-Einstein distribution function versustemperature.

Reference Books:
1. Elementary
• Numerical Analysis, K.E.Atkinson, 3rdEdn. 2007, Wiley
India Edition
2. Statistical
• Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed.,
1996, Oxford UniversityPress.
3. Thermodynamics,
• Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Fran-
cisW.SearsandGerhardL.Salinger,1986,Narosa.
4. Modern
• Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich,
2009,Springer
5. Simulation
• of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB, OCTAVE and SCILAB:
Scientific and Engineering Applications: A. VandeWouwer, P. Saucez, C.
V. Fernndez. 2014 Springer ISBN: 978-3319067896
6. Scilab• by example: M. Affouf, 2012. ISBN: 978-1479203444
7. Scilab• Image Processing:L.M.Surhone. 2010, Betascript Pub., ISBN: 978-
6133459274
 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1
CLASSICALDYNAMICS
The emphasis of the course is on applications in solving problems of interest to
physicists. Students are to be examined on the basis of problems, seen and unseen.

UNIT-I

Generalised co-ordinates and Velocities, Generalised Force, Principle of virtual

work Derivation of Lagranges equation of motion from DAlemberts Principles,
Lagrangian and its Application to Simple, Compound and Double Pendulums, Single
Particle in Space, Atwoods Machine, Dumb-bell, Linear harmonic oscillator.

UNIT-II

Hamiltons Principle, Calculus of Variation and derivation of Euler-Lagranges

equation, Langranges Equations derived from Hamiltons Principles, Hamiltoian and
its applications to Shortest Distance between two points in a plane, Geodesic
Problem, minimum surface of revolution, Brachistochrone problem, The Equations of
motion and first integrals, The equivalent one-dimensional problem and classification
of orbits, canonical momenta, Hamiltions equations of motion, Motion of charged
particles in external electric and magnetic fields,
Applicationstocentralforcemotionandcoupledoscillators.

UNIT- III

SpecialtheoryofRelativity(Postulatesofspecialtheoryofrelativity),Lorentz
transformations, Minkowski space, The invariant interval, light cone and world
lines, space time diagrams, Times-dilation, length contraction and Twin paradox,
Variation of mass with velocity mass energyrelation
UNIT- IV

Four Vectors: Space Like, Time-like and light-like. Four velocity and acceleration,
Four momentum and energy-momentum relation. Doppler effects from a four vector
perspective, Concept of four-force, Conservation of four
momentum,Applicationtotwobodydecayofanunstableparticle

Text Books:
1.Classical Mechanics, H.Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko (Pearson)
2.Classical Mechanics N C Rana and P S Joag.
Reference Books :
1. Mechanics-D.S.Mathur (SultanChand)
2. Solved problems in Classical Mechanics, O.L. Delange and J.Pierrus (Ox-
ford Press)(2010)
3. Classical Mechanics-M. Das, P.K.Jena, M. Bhuyan, R.N.Mishra (Srikr-
ishnaPrakashan)
4. Mathematical Physics with Classical Mechanics-Satya Prakash (Sultan
Chand andsons)
5. Introduction to classical dynamics R.K.Takwale and S.Puranik (Tata
McGrawHill)
6. Classical Mechanics J.C.Upadhyay (HimalayanPublisher)
7. Classical Dynamics of particles and systems -S.T.Thorton and Marion
(Cengagepublication)
 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1I
Nuclear and Particle Physics

UNIT-I

General properties of Nuclei: Constituents of nucleus and their intrinsic

properties, Quantitative facts about mass, radius, charge density (matter density),
binding energy, average binding energy and its variation with mass
number,mainfeaturesofbindingenergyversusmassnumbercurve,N/Aplot,
angularmomentum,parity,magneticmomentelectricmoments,nuclearexcites states.
Radioactivity decays: (a) Alpha decay: basics of alpha- decay processes, theory
ofalpha-emission, Gamow factor, Geiger Nuttall law (b) beta-decay: energy
kinematics for beta-decay, positron emission, electron capture, neutrino hypothesis.

(c) Elementary idea of Gammadecay.

UNIT-II

Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model approach, semi empirical mass formula and
significance of its various terms, conditions of nuclear stability, two nucleon
separation energies, evidence for nuclear shell structure, nuclear magic number, basic
assumption of shellmodels.

UNIT-III

Detector for nuclear radiations: Detector for nuclear radiations: Gas

detectors:estimationofelectricfield,mobilityofparticle,forionizationchamber
andGMCounter.BasicPrincipleofScintillationDetectorsandConstructionof photo-
multiplier tube (PMT). Semiconductor Detectors (Si and Ge) forcharge
Particleandphotondetection(Conceptofchargecarrierandmobility),neutron detector.
Particle Accelerators: Van-de Graff generator (Tandem Accelerator), Lin- ear
accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons
UNIT-IV

Particle Physics: Particle interactions, basic features, types of particles and

itsfamilies,
Symmetries and conservation laws: Energy and momentum, angular
momentum,parity,baryonnumber,Leptonnumber,Isospin,strangenessandcharm,
Elementary ideas of quarks andgluons.

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics By Roy andNigam
2. AtomicandNuclearPhysics-N.Subramanyam,BrijLalandJivanSeshan (S.
ChandPublishing)
Reference Books:
1. IntroductiontoModernPhysics-H.S.ManiandG.K.Mehta(Affilatedeast and
west)
2. Introductory nuclear Physics-Kenneth S. Krane (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd)
3. Introduction to Elementary Particles-D. Griffith (John Wiley andSons)
4. Concepts of Nuclear Physics - Bernard L. Cohen. (Tata Mcgraw Hill).
5. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser ( McGrawHill)

Discipline Specific Elective Paper- II1

Nano Materials and Applications
UNIT-I

Nanoscale Systems: Length scales in physics, Nanostructures: 1D, 2D and 3D

nanostructures (nanodots, thin films, nanowires, nanorods), Band structure and
density of states of materials at nanoscale, size effects in nano systems, Quantum
confinement Applications of Schrodinger equation-infinite potential well, potential
step, potential box, quantum confinement of carriers in 3D, 2D, 1D nanostructure and
itsconsequences.
UNIT-II

Synthesis of Nanostructure Materials: Top down and botton up

approach,PhotolithographyBallmilling.Gasphasecondensation,Vacuumdeposition,
Physical vapour deposition (PVT): Thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation,
Pulsed Laser deposition, Chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel
Electrodeposition,Spraypyrolysis,Hydrothemalsynthesis,Preparationthrough
colloidal methods, MBE growth of quantumdots.

UNIT-III

Characterization: X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron

Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning
TunnelingMicroscopy

UNIT-IV

Applications: Applications of nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires and thin

films for photonic devices (LED, solar cells). Single electron devices (no derivation).
CNT based transistors. Nonmaterial Devices: Quantum dots heterostructure lasers,
optical switching and optical data storage. Magnetic quantum well; magnetic dots-
magmetic data storage. Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), Nano
Electromechanical Systems(NEMS)

Text Books:
1. S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices (Capital
PublishingCompany)
2. Nano science and nano technology, K.K.Choudhury(Narosa)
Reference Books:
1. NanoScienceandnanotechnology,SundarSingh(PragatiPrakashan)
2. C.P. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology (Wiley
India Pvt.Ltd.).
 3. RichardBooker,EarlBoysen,Nanotechnology(JohnWileyandSons).
4. M. Hosokawa, K. Nogi, M. Naita, T. Yokoyama, Nanoparticle Technology
Handbook (Elsevier,2007).
5. K.K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee, Introduction to Nanoscience
and Technology (PHI Learning PrivateLimited).

Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1V

Project

OR

Basic Instrumentation

Basic Instrumentation

UNIT-I

Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution

range etc. Errors in measurements and loading effects.
Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage and dc current, ac volt- age, ac
current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.
Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage
measurement with respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of
voltage,measurement(blockdiagramonly).SpecificationsofanelectronicVoltmeter/
Multimeter and theirsignificance.
AC millivoltmeter: Type of AC millivoltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifier-
amplifier. Block diagram ac millivoltmeter, specifications and their significance.

UNIT-II

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT,

Electron gun, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only no
mathematical treatment), brief discussion on screen phosphor, visual persistence and
chemical composition. Time base operation, synchronization. Front panel controls.
 Specifications of a CRO and their significance.
Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period.
Special features of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital
storage Oscilloscope: Block diagram and principle ofworking.

UNIT-III

Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and

specifications of low frequency signal generators, pulse generator, and function generator,
Brief idea for testing, specifications, Distortion factor meter, waveanalysis.

UNIT-V

Digital Instruments: Principle and working of digital meters, Comparison of

analog and digital instruments, Characteristics of a digital meter, Working
principles of digital voltmeter.
Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter,
Working principle of time interval, frequency and period measurement using
universalcounter/frequencycounter,time-basestability,accuracyandresolution.

The test of lab skills will be of the following test items:

1. Use of anoscilloscope.
2. CRO as a versatile measuringdevice.
3. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronicequipment,
4. Use of Digital multimeter/VTVM for measuringvoltages
5. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronicequipment,
6. Winding a coil /transformer.
7. Study the layout of receivercircuit.
8. Trouble shooting acircuit
9. Balancing ofbridges
Laboratory Exercises:
1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage
acrossalowresistanceandhighresistance.
2. To observe the limitations of a multimeter for measuring highfrequency
voltage andcurrents.
3. To measure Q of a coil and its dependence on frequency, using a Q-meter.
4. Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period and phase angle using
CRO.
5. Measurement of time period, frequency, average period using universal
counter/ frequencycounter.
6. Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using aCRO.
7. MeasurementofdistortionofaRFsignalgeneratorusingdistortionfactor
meter.
8. MeasurementofR,LandCusingaLCRbridge/universalbridge.
Open Ended Experiments:
1. Using a Dual TraceOscilloscope
2. Convertingtherangeofagivenmeasuringinstrument(voltmeter,ammeter
)
More emphasis should be given on hands-on experiments.
Text Books:
1. A Text Books book of electrical technology-B.L.Theraja
(S.ChandPublishing)
2. Digital circuits and systems Venugopal (Tata McGraw Hill)
Reference Books :
1. Digital Electronics-Subrata Ghoshal (CengageLearning)
2. Electronic Devices and circuits - S. Salivahanan and N. S.Kumar (Tata
Mc-GrawHill)
3. Electronic Devices-Thomas L. Floyd (Pearson)
Additional Reference Books for Practical papers :
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint and H.T.Worsnop (
Asia PublishingHouse)
2. Practical Physics-B.B.Swain (KitabMahal)
3. Practical Physics-B.Ghosh (Vol. I andII)
4. ALaboratoryManualofPhysicsforUndergraduateClasses,D.P.Khandelwal
(VaniPublication)
5. B.Sc. Practical Physics- C.L.Arora (S.ChandPublishing)
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics H. Singh and P.S. Hemne (S. ChandPublishing)
 GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE)

Generic Elective Paper I

(Mechanics and Properties of matter, Oscillation and Waves, Thermal
Physics, Electricity and Magnetism and Electronics

UNIT-I

Mechanics and Properties of Matter

Moment of Inertia Parallel axis and perpendicular axis theorem, M.I. of a Solid
sphere and Solid cylinder, Gravitational potential and field due to a thin spherical
shell and a solid sphere at external points and internal points,
Relationamongelasticconstants,depressionatfreeendofalightcantilever,Surface
tension,pressure,differenceacrossacurvedmembrane,viscousflow,Poiseulles
formula.

UNIT-II
Oscillation and Waves

Simple harmonic motion, damped harmonic motion, under damped, over damped
and critically damped motion, Forced vibration, Resonance, Wave equation in a
medium, Velocity of Longitudinal waves in an elastic medium and velocity of
transverse wave in a stretched string, Composition of SHM, Lissajous figures for
superposition of two orthogonal simple harmonic vibrations (a) with same frequency,
(b) frequency with 2:1.

UNIT-III
Thermal Physics

Entropy, change in entropy in reversible and irreversible process, Carnot engine

and its efficiency. Carnot Theorem, Second law of thermodynamics, Kelvin-Planck,
Clausius formula. Thermal conductivity, differential equation for heat flow in one
dimension, Maxwell thermodynamic relation (statement only), Clausius Clapeyron
equation, Black body radiation, Planck radiation formula (Noderivation).

UNIT-IV
Electricity and Magnetism

Gauss law of electrostatics, use of Gauss law to compute electrostatic field due to a
linear charge distribution, Magnetic induction B, Lorentz force law, Biot Savarts law,
Magnetic induction due to long straight current carrying conductor, and in the axis of
a current carrying circular coil, Amperes Circuital
law,itsdifferentialform,Thelawofelectromagneticequations,itsdifferential
and integral form, Maxwells electro-magnetic equations and their physical
significance, Growth and decay of currents in LR and RC circuits, time constant,
alternating currents in RC, RL and LCR circuits, impedance, power factor, resonance.
P-type and N-type semiconductors, PN-Junction as rectifier, Half wave and Full
wave rectifiers (Bridge type), efficiency, ripple factor, use of RC, LC, and filters,
working of PNP and NPN transistors, transistor configurations in CE and CB
circuits and relation between α and β. JFET, its operation and characteristics of V-
Icurve.

Text Books:
1. Properties of Matter D.S. Mathur (S. ChandPublication).
2. Heat and Thermodynamics A.B. Gupta and H.B. Ray (New Central
BookAgency).
3. A Text Books book of oscillations, waves and acoustics(5thed.) M.
Ghosh and D. Bhattacharya (S. ChandPublication).
4. Electricity and magnetism- R. Murugeshan (S.ChandPublishing)
5. Fundamentals of Electronics-Raskhit and Chattopadhyay (New age In-
ternationalPublication)
Reference Books:
 1. Physics of Degree students Vol.I M. Das, P.K. Jena etal (Sri krishna
Prakashan).
2. Physics of Degree students Vol.II M. Das, P.K. Jena etal (Sri krishna
Prakashan).
3. Waves and Oscillations (2nd ed) N. Subramaniyam and Brij Lal (Vikas
Publications)
4. A Text Books book of Sound (2nd ed) - N. Subramaniyam and Brij Lal (S.
ChandPublications)
Generic Elective Paper I Lab-
(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)
1. Todeterminethemomentofinertiaofaflywheel.
2. To determine the Youngs modulus Y of a wire by Searlsmethod.
3. TodeterminethemodulusofrigidityofawirebyMaxwellsneedle/Torsion
Pendulum (Dynamicmethod).
4. To determine g by barpendulum.
5. To determine the value of Y of a rubber by using travellingmicroscope.
6. To determine the Rigidity of modulus by staticmethod.
7. To determine the frequency of a telescope by usingSonometer.
8. VerificationofLawsofVibrationofastringbyusingSonometer.
TEXT BOOKS:

1. To compare capacitances using DeSautybridge.

2. To determine the Law of resistance by using Fosterbridge.
3. Compare the specific heat of two liquids by method ofCooling.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.FlintandH.T.Worsnop, 1971,
Asia PublishingHouse
2. ALaboratoryManualofPhysicsforUndergraduateClasses,D.P.Khandelwal
(1985), VaniPublication
3. ATextBooksbookofPracticalPhysics,InduPrakashAndRamakrishna,11th
Edition (2011), Kitab Mahal, NewDelhi
Generic Elective Paper -II
(Optics, Special Theory of Relativity, Atomic Physics, Quantum
Mechanics and NuclearPhysics)

UNIT-I

Optics-I: Elementary ideas of monochromatic aberrations and their minimization,

chromatic aberration, achromatic combination, Theory of formation of primary and
secondary rainbow, condition of interference, coherent sources, Youngs double slit
experiment, biprism and measurement of wave length of light of by it, color of thin
films and Newtons rings, Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, diffraction by single slit
plane transmissiongrating.
Optics-II : Electromagnetic nature of light, polarized and unpolarized light,
polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewsters Law, Mauls Law, Double
refraction, Ordinary and extraordinary rays.

UNIT-II Atomic Physics

Inadequacy of classical physics, brief outline of Rayleigh Jeans theory and Plancks
quantum theory of radiation, particle nature of electromagnetic radiation photo
electric effect, Compton effect, dual nature of radiation, wave nature of particles, de-
Broglie hypothesis, matter wave, wave-particle duality, Davisson-Germerexperiment.
Bohrs theory of Hydrogen atom, explanation of Hydrogen Spectra, correction for
finite mass of the nucleus, Bohrs correspondence principle, limitations of Bohrs
theory, Discrete energy, exchange by atom Frank Hertzexperiment.

UNIT-III
Quantum Mechanics : Heisenbergs Uncertainty relation, Time dependent
Schrodingers wave equation in one dimension and three dimensions, The physical
interpretation of the wave function, Probability density and probability current
density, Equation of continuity, Normalization of the Wave function, Expectation
value of an observable, Ehrenfests theorem. Time independent Schrodingers wave
equation in one dimension particle in a box, energy eigen values and eigenfunctions.

UNIT-IV
Nuclear Physics : Properties of the nucleus Charge, Size, Spin, Magnetic
Moment, Mass, Mass defect, Binding energy, Packing fraction, Nuclear force and
its characteristics features, Radioactive decay laws, average life, half life, nuclear
fission, nuclear fusion, Linear accelerators, and cyclotron.
Relativity: Galilean transformation, Newtonian relativity and its limitation,
MichelsonMorleyexperimentanditsconsequence,postulatesofspecialtheory of
relativity. Lorentz transformation, length contraction, time dilation, relativistic
mass and momentum, mass energyrelation.

Text Books:
1. University Physics, H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman(Person)
2. Fundamentals of Physics, Resnick, Halliday, Walker(WIley)
Reference Books :
1. A Text Books book of Optics N.Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal (S.Chand
Publishing)
2. Introduction to Special Relativity-R. Resnick (JohnWiley)
3. ConceptsofModernPhysics ArthurBeiser(McGrawHill)
4. Modern Physics H.S. Mani and G.K.Mehta

Generic Elective Paper II LAB

(minimum6experimentsaretobedone):

1. Determination of E.C.E. of a Copper by taking 3readings.

2. DeterminationofRefractiveindexofthematerialofaprismusingSodium
light.
3. Todeterminethewavelengthoflightusingplanediffractiongrating.
 4. TodeterminethewavelengthoflightusingNewtonsring.
5. Determination of refractive index of (a) glass and (b) liquid by using
travellingmicroscope.
6. To plot the I-D curve and to determine the refractive index of aprism
7. Determination of radius of curvature of a convex/concave mirror by using
Kohlrauschsmethod.
8. T o determine the magnifying power of a giventelescope.
9. ToObtainthestaticcharacteristicsofaP-N-P/N-P-Ntransistor/
TriodeValve.
10. To determine the reduction factor of a tangentGalvanometer.
11. To study the Variation of magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil
carryingcurrent.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.FlintandH.T.Worsnop,
1971, Asia PublishingHouse
2. ALaboratoryManualofPhysicsforUndergraduateClasses,D.P.Khandel
wal (1985), VaniPublication
3. ATextBooksbookofPracticalPhysics,InduPrakashAndRamakrishna,
11th Edition (2011), Kitab Mahal, NewDelhi
 Course structure of UG Physics Pass

Semester Course Course Name Credits Total marks

I DSC-I Mechanics 04 75

DSC-I Practical 02 25

II DSC-II Electricity, Magnetism &EMT 04 75

DSC-II Practical 02 25

III DSC-III Thermal Physics & Statistical 04 75

Mechanics

DSC-III Practical 02 25

IV DSC-IV Waves and Optics 04 75

DSC-IV Practical 02 25

V DSE-I Digital and Analog Circuits& 04 75

Instrumentation

DSE-I Practical 02 25

VI DSE-II Elements of Modern Physics 04 75

DSE-II Practical 02 25

36 600
 PHYSICS PAPERS FOR PASS STUDENTS

Discipline Specific Core – 4 papers

Discipline Specific Elective – 2 papers
Marks per paper –
Practical paper: Midterm : 15 marks, End term : 60 marks, Practical: 25 marks
For non practical paper: Mid term : 20 marks, End term : 80 marks
Total – 100 marks Credit per paper – 6
Teaching hours per paper –
Practical papers:40 hours + 20 hours practical
Non practical papers:50 hours + 10 hours tutorial

Discipline Specific Core Paper 1

MECHANICS

UNIT-I

Rotational Dynamics: Centre of Mass, Motion of CM , Centre of Mass and Laboratory

frames. Angular momentum of a particleand system of particles.Principle of conservation of
angular momentum. Rotation about a fixed axis. Moment of Inertia.Perpendicular and Parallel
Axis Theorems, Routh Rule, Calculation of moment of inertia for cylindrical and spherical
bodies. Kinetic energy of rotation. Euler’s Equations of Rigid Body motion,Motion involving
both translation and rotation.Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel

Non Inertial frames and fictitious Forces:Uniformely Rotating frame, laws of Physics in
rotatingCoordinate system,centrifugalForces,Coriolis force and its applications.

UNIT-II

Gravitation: Newton’sLaw of gravitation. Gravitational field Intensity and Potential,

. Potential and field Applications.

Central Force:

Motion of a particle under a central force field. Two-body problem and its reduction to one-body
problem and its solution. Differential Equation of motion with central force and its solution.The
first Integrals(two),Concept of power Law Potentials, Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motion.

Satellites:. Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness. Basic idea of global positioning system

(GPS). Physiological effects on astronauts.

UNIT-III

Elasticity: Relation between Elastic constants. Torsion of a right

circularcylinder,torsionalwire,Bending of Beams,External Bending
Moment,flexturalrigidity,singleCantilever,double cantilever(weightless cantilever,and with
its own weight)

Fluid Properties:

Surface Tension- Express Pressure across a curved membrane, S.T., Quincke’s drop,
gravity waves and ripple,

Viscocity: Poiseuille’s Equation for Flow of a Liquid with corrections.

Unit-IV

Oscillations: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy
andtheir time-average values. Damped oscillation. Equation of motion and solution(,cases of
oscillatory,critically damped and overdamped) Forced oscillations: Transient and steady states;

Resonance, sharpness of resonance; power dissipation and Quality Factor. Bar Pendulum,
Kater’s Pendulum. Composition of two SHMs propagating perpendicularly to each other(with
frequency in the ratio 1:1,2:1) Lissajous figures

Text Books:

1. Mechanics, D.S. Mathur (S. Chand Publishing )

2. Introduction to Special Relativity-R. Resnick (John Wiley)
Reference Books :

1. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C.Kittel, W. Knight, etal (Tata

McGraw-Hill)
2. Physics, Resnick-Halliday and Walker (8/e. 2008,Wiley)
3. Theoretical Mechanics-M.R. Spiegel (Tata McGraw Hill).
4. Feynman Lectures, Vol. I, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands ( Pearson)
5. Mechanics-M.Das, P.K.Jena and R.N. Mishra (Srikrishna Publications)

Discipline Specific Core Paper I LAB

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To study the random error in observations.

2. To determine the height of a building using a Sextant.
3. To study the Motion of Spring and calculate (a) Spring constant, (b) g and (c)
Modulus of igidity.
4. To determine the Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel.
5. To determine g and velocity for a freely falling body using Digital Timing Technique
6. To determine Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Method
(Poiseuille’s method).
7. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method.
8. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell’s needle.
9. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle’s method.
10. To determine the value of g using Bar Pendulum.
11. To determine the value of g using Kater’s Pendulum.
Reference Books

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971,
AsiaPublishing House
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th
Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
 3. A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11thEdn, 2011, Kitab Mahal

Discipline Specific Core Paper-1I

ELECTRICITY , MAGNETISM AND EMT

UNIT-I

Vector Analysis: Scalar and Vector product, gradient, divergence, Curl and their significance,
Vector Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals of Vector fields, Gauss-divergence
theorem and Stoke's theorem of vectors (statement only).

Electrostatics: Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem of electrostatics. Applications

of Gauss theorem- Electric field due to point charge, infinite line of charge, uniformly charged
spherical shell and solid sphere, plane charged sheet, charged conductor. Electric potential as line
integral of electric field, potential due to a point charge, electric dipole, uniformly charged
spherical shell and solid sphere. Calculation of electric field from potential.

UNIT-II

Electrostatic Energy Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor. Parallel plate, spherical and
cylindrical condenser. Energy per unit volume in electrostatic field. Dielectric medium,
Polarisation, Displacement vector. Gauss's theorem in dielectrics. Parallel plate capacitor
completely filled with dielectric.

UNIT-III

Magnetism:

Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law and its applications- straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid
carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field. Magnetic vector potential. Ampere's
circuital law. Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction,
permeability, magnetic susceptibility. Brief introduction of dia-, para-and ferromagnetic
materials.
Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, self
andmutual inductance, L of single coil, M of two coils. Energy stored in magnetic field.

UNIT-IV

Maxwell`s equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation: Equation of continuity

ofcurrent, Displacement current, Maxwell's equations, Poynting vector, energy density in

electromagnetic field, electromagnetic wave propagation through vacuum and isotropic
dielectric

medium, transverse nature of EM waves, polarization.

Text:

1. Introduction to Electricity and Magnetism – D.C.Tayal (Himalaya Publishing house)

Reference:

1. Electricity, Magnetism & Electromagnetic Theory- S. Mahajan and Choudhury ( Tata

McGraw Hill)
2. Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M. Sands ( Pearson)
3. Electricity and Magnetism, J.H.Fewkes & J.Yarwood. Vol. I (Oxford Univ. Press)
4. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory-Ritz and Milford (Pearson)

Discipline Specific Core Paper 1I LAB

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC Current,
and (d) checking electrical fuses.
2. Ballistic Galvanometer:
(i) Measurement of charge and current sensitivity
(ii) Measurement of CDR
(iii) Determine a high resistance by Leakage Method
(iv) To determine Self Inductance of a Coil by Rayleigh’s Method.
3. To compare capacitances using De’Sauty’s bridge.
4. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a Solenoid (Determine dB/dx)
5. To study the Characteristics of a Series RC Circuit.
6. To study a series LCR circuit LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant frequency, (b)
Quality factor
7. To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant frequency and
(b) Quality factor Q

8. To determine a Low Resistance by Carey Foster’s Bridge.

9. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems
10. To verify the Superposition, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems
Reference Books

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint&H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia

Publishing House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition,
reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed.2011, Kitab Mahal

Discipline Specific Core Paper III

THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL

MECHANICS

UNIT-I

Laws of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Description of system: Zeroth Law of

thermodynamics and temperature. First law and internal energy, conversion of heat into work,
Various Thermodynamical Processes, Applications of First Law: General Relation between CP
and CV, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes, Compressibility and Expansion
Coefficient, Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law and Entropy, Carnot’s cycle
&theorem, Entropy changes in reversible & irreversible processes, Entropy-temperature
diagrams, Third law of thermodynamics, Unattainability of absolute zero.

Thermodynamical Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energyfunctions,

Maxwell’s relations and applications - Joule-Thomson Effect, Clausius- Clapeyron Equation,
Expression for (CP – CV), CP/CV, TdS equations.

UNIT-II

Kinetic Theory of Gases: Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocitiesandits

experimental verification, Mean free path (Zeroth Order), Transport Phenomena: Viscosity,
Conduction and Diffusion (for vertical case), Law of equipartition of energy (no derivation) and
its applications to specific heat of gases; mono-atomic and diatomic gases.

UNIT-III

Theory of Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Spectral distribution, Concept of Energy

Density,Derivation of Planck's law, Deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh- Jeans Law,
Stefan Boltzmann Law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.

UNIT-IV

Classical Statistical Mechanics: Macrostate& Microstate, Elementary Concept

ofEnsemble,Microcanonical, Canonical and grand canonical ensemble. Phase Space, Entropy
and Thermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function,
Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, Classical Entropy Expression,Gibbs Paradox.

Text:

1. Thermal Physics, A. B. Gupta (Books and allied Ltd)

2. Theory and experiments on thermal Physics, P.K.Chakrabarty (New central book agency
limited)
Reference:

1. Thermal and Statistical Physics – M.Das, P.K. Jena, S. Mishra, R.N.Mishra (Shri
Krishna Publication)
2. Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman (McGraw-Hill)
3. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and Ghosh-(Tata McGraw-Hill)
4. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics- Sears & Salinger
(Narosa)
5. A Treatise on Heat- Meghnad Saha and B.N.Srivastava (The Indian Press)
6. Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics-- N.Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal (S.Chand
Publishing)

Discipline Specific Core Paper 1II LAB

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by Callender and Barne’s constant

flow method.
2. Measurement of Planck’s constant using black body radiation.
3. To determine Stefan’s Constant.
4. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of Cu by Searle’s Apparatus.
5. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Angstrom’s Method.
6. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and
Charlton’s disc method.
7. To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance
thermometer.
8. To study the variation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple
with temperature.
9. To record and analyze the cooling temperature of an hot object as a function of time
using a thermocouple and suitable data acquisition system
10. To calibrate Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) using Null Method/Off- Balance
Bridge
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint&H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia

Publishing House.
2. A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition,
2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
3. A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, D.P.Khandelwal,1985,
Vani Publication.
Discipline Specific Core Paper 1V

WAVES AND OPTICS

UNIT-I

Geometrical optics: Fermat’s principle, reflection and refraction at plane

interface,Matrixformulation of geometrical Optics. Idea of dispersion.

Cardinal Points and cardinal planes of an optical system,location of cardinal points and cardinal
planes of (1)thick lens(2) thin lens and (3) co axial combination of two thin lenses using matrix
formulation.

Aberrations: Chromatic Aberration and remedy,Monochromatic Aberration :Spherical

Aberration and remedy,Simple idea on Coma,Distortion,Astigmatism and Curvature and their

Remedy,Huygens eyepiece., Ramsden eye piece and their comparison.

UNIT-II

Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse

Waves.PlaneProgressive (Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities.
Differential Equation. Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave.
Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves.
Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and properties of
wavefrontHuygensPrinciple. Temporal and Spatial Coherence

UNIT-III

Interference-I- Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young’s double slit

experiment.Lloyd’sMirror and Fresnel’s Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’
treatment

Interference-II:

Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination
(Haidinger Fringes);Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings:
Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.

Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea of form of fringes (No theory

required),Determination of Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and

Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer.Fabry Perot etalon with theory.Applications-

Determination of wavelength (2) Wavelengthdifference of two sodium d-lines.

UNIT-IV

Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit. Circular aperture, Resolving Power of a telescope.

Doubleslit. Multiple slits. Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating.

Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel’s Assumptions. Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones for Plane

Wave.Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of

a Zone Plate. Fresnel’s Integral, Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire.

Text:

1. A text book of Optics – N.Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal (S.Chand Publishing)

 2. Optics - Ajoy Ghatak (McGraw Hill
Reference:

1. Optics-E.Hecht (Pearson)
2. Fundamentals of Optics- F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White (McGraw-Hill)
3. Geometrical and Physical Optics– R.S. Longhurst(Orient Blackswan)
4. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves- H. J. Pain( John Wiley)
5. Optics – B.K.Mathur
6. Principles of Optics-Max Born and Emil Wolf (Pergamon Press)

Discipline Specific Core Paper 1V LAB

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators

2. To determine the Frequency of an Electrically Maintained Tuning Fork by
Melde’s Experiment and to verify λ2 – T Law.
3. To study Lissajous Figures
4. Familiarization with Schuster`s focussing; determination of angle of prism.
5. To determine the Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Method
(Poiseuille’s method).
6. To determine the Refractive Index of the Material of a Prism using Sodium Light.
7. To determine Dispersive Power of the Material of a Prism using Mercury Light
8. To determine the value of Cauchy Constants.
9. To determine the Resolving Power of a Prism.
10. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
11. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
12. To determine the wavelength of Laser light using Diffraction of Single Slit.
13. To determine wavelength of (1) Sodium and (2) Spectral lines of the Mercury light
using plane diffraction Grating
14. To determine the Resolving Power of a Plane Diffraction Grating.
15. To measure the intensity using photosensor and laser in diffraction patterns of single
and double slits
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia
Publishing House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition,
reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition,
2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
4. A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985,
Vani
 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) - Pass
(two papers are to be selected)

Discipline Specific Elective Paper –I

DIGITAL AND ANALOG CIRCUITSAND
INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT-1:
Digital Circuits
Difference between Analog and Digital Circuits. Binary Numbers. Decimal to Binary and Binary
to Decimal Conversion, AND, OR and NOT Gates (Realization using Diodes and Transistor).
NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates. XOR and XNOR Gates.

De Morgan's Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit using Boolean Algebra.
Fundamental Products. Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion of a Truth Table into an Equivalent
Logic Circuit by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2) Karnaugh Map.

UNIT-II
Semiconductor Devices and Amplifiers:
Barrier Formation in PN Junction Diode. Qualitative Idea of Current Flow Mechanism in
Forward and Reverse Biased Diode. PN junction and its characteristics. Static and Dynamic
Resistance. Principle and structure of (1) LEDs (2) Photodiode (3) Solar Cell.
Power Supply: Half-wave Rectifiers. Centre-tapped and Bridge Full-wave Rectifiers Calculation
of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency, Basic idea about capacitor filter, Zener Diode and
Voltage Regulation

UNIT-III
BJT and Amplifiers
Bipolar Junction transistors: n-p-n and p-n-p Transistors. Characteristics of CB, CE and CC
Configurations. Current gains α and β. Relations between α and β. Load Line analysis of
Transistors. DC Load line and Q-point. Active, Cutoff, and Saturation Regions. Voltage Divider
Bias Circuit for CE Amplifier. h-parameter Equivalent Circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CE
amplifier using Hybrid Model. Input and Output Impedance. Current, Voltage and Power Gains.
Class A, B, and C Amplifiers.Class B Push Pull Amplifier.
Feedback in Amplifiers,Positive and Negative feedback,Effects of Feedback
Oscillators:Hartley and Colpitt’s Oscillator

UNIT-IV:
Operational Amplifiers (Black Box approach) :
Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp (IC 741), Open-loop& Closed-loop Gain.
CMRR, concept of Virtual ground. Applications of Op-Amps: (1) Inverting and Non-inverting
Amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3) Subtractor, (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator, (6) Zero Crossing
Detector.

Instrumentations:
Introduction to CRO: Block Diagram of CRO. Applications of CRO: (1) Study of Waveform, (2)
Measurement of Voltage, Current, Frequency, and Phase Difference.

Text:

1. Electronics: Fundamentals and applications – D. Chattopadhyay and P.C.Rakshit

(New Age international)
2. Digital Principles and Applications - A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha (Tata
McGraw)
3. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice
Hall.

Reference :

1. Principles of Electronics – V.K.Mehta and Rohit Mehta (S.Chand Publishing)

2. Hand book of electronics – Gupta Kumar (Pragati Prakashan)
3. Digital Logic and Computer design – M. Morris Mano (Pearson)
4. Text book of Electronics – B. B. Swain (Kitab Mahal)
5. Concepts of Electronics – D.C.Tayal (Himalaya Publishing house)
6. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, A. Anand Kumar, 2nd Edition, 2009, PHI Learning
Pvt. Ltd.

Discipline Specific Elective Paper –I LAB

DIGITAL AND ANALOG CIRCUITS AND INSTRUMENTS

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To measure (a) Voltage, and (b) Frequency of a periodic waveform using a CRO
2. To verify and design AND, OR, NOT and XOR gates using NAND gates.
3. To minimize a given logic circuit.
4. Half adder, Full adder and 4-bit Binary Adder.
5. Adder-Subtractor using Full Adder I.C.
 6. To design an astable multivibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer.
7. To design a monostable multivibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer.
8. To study IV characteristics of PN diode, Zener and Light emitting diode
9. To study the characteristics of a Transistor in CE configuration.
10. To design a CE amplifier of a given gain (mid-gain) using voltage divider bias.
11. To design an inverting amplifier of given gain using Op-amp 741 and study
its frequency response.
12. To design a non-inverting amplifier of given gain using Op-amp 741 and
study its Frequency Response.
13. To study a precision Differential Amplifier of given I/O specification using Opamp.
14. To investigate the use of an op-amp as a Differentiator
15. To design a Wien Bridge Oscillator using an op-amp.

Reference Books:

1. Basic Electronics: A text lab manual, P.B.Zbar, A.P.Malvino, M.A.Miller, 1994,Mc-

Graw Hill.
2. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall.
3. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice
Hall.
4. Electronic Principle, Albert Malvino, 2008, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

Discipline Specific Elective Paper II

ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS

UNIT-I
Planck’s quantum, Planck’s constant and Compton scattering. De Broglie experiment.
light as a collection of photons; Photoelectric effect ,wavelength and matter waves; Davisson-
Germer Experiment

Problems with Rutherford model- instability of atoms and observation of discrete atomic spectra;
Bohr's quantization rule and atomic stability; calculation of energy levels for hydrogen like
atoms and their spectra.
UNIT-II
Position measurement- gamma ray microscope thought experiment; Wave-particle duality,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle- impossibility of a particle following a trajectory; Estimating
minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; Energy-time uncertainty
principle.
Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms & particles; linear superposition principle
as a consequence; Matter waves and wave amplitude; Schrodinger equation for non-relativistic
particles; Momentum and Energy operators; stationary states; physical interpretation of
wavefunction, probabilities and normalization; Probability and probability current densities in
one dimension.
UNIT-III
One dimensional infinitely rigid box- energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization;
Quantum dot as an example; Quantum mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension -
across a step potential and across a rectangular potential barrier.

Size and structure of atomic nucleus and its relation with atomic weight; Impossibility of an
electron being in nucleus as a consequence of the uncertainty principle. Nature of nuclear force,
NZ graph, semi-empirical mass formula and binding energy

UNIT-IV
Radioactivity: stability of nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life and half-life; α decay; β
decay - energy released, spectrum and Pauli's prediction of neutrino; γ-ray emission.

Fission and fusion - mass deficit, relativity and generation of energy; Fission - nature of
fragments and emission of neutrons. Nuclear reactor: slow neutrons interacting with Uranium
235; Fusion and thermonuclear reactions.

Text:

1. Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser (McGraw Hill)

2. Modern Physics – Murugeshan and Sivaprasad (S.Chand)
Reference:

1. Quantum Mechanics: Theory & Applications, A.K.Ghatak & S.Lokanathan,

(Macmillan)
2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith (Pearson)
3. Theory and Problems of Modern Physics, Schaum`s outline, R. Gautreau and
W.Savin- (Tata McGraw-Hill )
4. Modern Physics-Serway (CENGAGE Learnings)
5. Physics of Atoms and Molecules – Bransden (Pearson India)
6. Quantum Mechanics– Satya Prakash (Pragati Prakashan)
 7. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-A.B.Gupta (New Central)
DSE II LAB: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS

(minimum 6 experiments are to be done)

1. To determine value of Boltzmann constant using V-I characteristic of PN diode.

2. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum diode.
3. To determine the ionization potential of mercury.
4. To determine value of Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
5. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen atom.
6. To determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of Iodine vapour.
7. To study the diffraction patterns of single and double slits using laser and measure its
intensityvariation using Photosensor & compare with incoherent source – Na.
8. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maximum
energyof photo-electrons versus frequency of light
9. To determine the value of e/m by (a) Magnetic focusing or (b) Bar magnet.
10. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an electron.

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia
PublishingHouse.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition,
reprinted
3. 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
4. A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011,
Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
 SKILL ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSES (SECC)
Optional for SECC II paper

Skill Enhancement Compulsory Courses (SECC Option-I)

APPLIED OPTICS

The quest to understand the 'nature of light' is a favourite inquiry of mankind since ancient
times. By the advent of lasers, holography, and optical fibres in twentieth century the optics
now-a-days finds application in several branches of science and engineering. This paper
provides the conceptual understanding of these branches of modern optics to the students.

Theory includes only qualitative explanation. Minimum three experiments should be

performed covering minimum three sections.

Unit-I

(i) Photo-sources and Detectors

Lasers: an introduction, Planck’s radiation law (qualitative idea), Energy levels,

Absorption process, Spontaneous and stimulated emission processes, Theory of laser
action, Population of energy levels, Einstein‟s coefficients and optical amplification,
properties of laser beam, Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, and semiconductor lasers; Light
Emitting Diode (LED) and photo-detectors.

(ii) Elementary ideas of Fourier Optics

Concept of Spatial frequency filtering, Fourier transforming property of a thin lens.

Unit-II

Holography

Basic principle and theory: coherence, resolution, Types of holograms, white light reflection
hologram, application of holography in microscopy, interferometry, and character recognition.
Photonics: Fibre Optics

(ii) Photonics: Fibre Optics

Optical fibres: Introduction and historical remarks, Total Internal Reflection, Basic

characteristics of the optical fibre: Principle of light propagation through a fibre, the
coherent bundle, The numerical aperture, Attenuation in optical fibre and attenuation
limit; Single mode and multimode fibres, Fibre optic sensors: Fibre Bragg Grating.

Skill Enhancement Compulsory Courses (SECC Option-I) LAB

Minimum three experiments should be performed covering minimum two sections.

Experiments on Lasers:

1. To determine the grating radial spacing of the Compact Disc (CD) by reflection using
He-Ne or solid state laser.
2. To find the width of the wire or width of the slit using diffraction pattern obtained by a
He-Ne or solid state laser.
3. To find the polarization angle of laser light using polarizer and analyzer
4. To determine the wavelength and angular spread of laser light by using plane diffraction
grating.
Experiments on Semiconductor Sources and Detectors:

1. V-I characteristics of LED

2. Study the characteristics of solid state laser
3. Study the characteristics of LDR
4. Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell/ Photodiode.
5. Characteristics of IR sensor
Experiments on Fibre Optics

1. To measure the numerical aperture of an optical fibre

2. To measure the near field intensity profile of a fibre and study its refractive index
profile
 Reference Books:

1. LASERS: Fundamentals & applications, K.Thyagrajan & A.K.Ghatak, 2010, Tata

McGraw Hill
2. Introduction to Fiber Optics, A. Ghatak & K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge University
Press.
3. Fibre optics through experiments, M.R.Shenoy, S.K.Khijwania, et.al. 2009, Viva Books
4. Optical Electronics, Ajoy Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, 2011, Cambridge University
Press
5. Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, S.C. Gupta, 2005, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Skill Enhancement Compulsory Courses (SECC Option-II)

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING

The aim of this course is not just to impart theoretical knowledge to the students but to
provide them with exposure and hands-on learning wherever possible

Unit-I

Fossil fuels and Alternate Sources of energy: Fossil fuels and nuclear energy, their limitation,
need of renewable energy, non-conventional energy sources. An overview of developments in
Offshore Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion, solar energy, biomass, biochemical conversion, biogas generation, geothermal
energy tidal energy, Hydroelectricity.

Solar energy: Solar energy, its importance, storage of solar energy, solar pond, non plate
collector, solar distillation, solar cooker, solar green houses, solar cell, absorption air
conditioning. Need and characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, PV models and equivalent
circuits, and sun tracking systems.

Unit-II

Wind Energy harvesting: Fundamentals of Wind energy, Wind Turbines and different electrical
machines in wind turbines, Power electronic interfaces, and grid interconnection topologies.
Ocean Energy: Ocean Energy Potential against Wind and Solar, Wave Characteristics and
Statistics, Wave Energy Devices.

Tide characteristics and Statistics, Tide Energy Technologies, Ocean Thermal Energy, Osmotic
Power, Ocean Bio-mass.

Geothermal Energy: Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies.

Hydro Energy: Hydropower resources, hydropower technologies, environmental impact of

hydro power sources.

Skill Enhancement Compulsory Courses (SECC Option-II)-LAB

Demonstrations and Experiments

1. Demonstration of Training modules on Solar energy, wind energy, etc.

2. Conversion of vibration to voltage using piezoelectric materials
3. Conversion of thermal energy into volta geusing thermoelectric modules.
Reference Books:

1. Non-conventional energy sources - G.D Rai - Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

2. Solar energy - M P Agarwal - S Chand and Co. Ltd.
3. Solar energy - Suhas P Sukhative Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
4. Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future”, 2004, Oxford
University Press, in association with The Open University.
5. Dr. P Jayakumar, Solar Energy: Resource Assesment Handbook, 2009
6. J.Balfour, M.Shaw and S. Jarosek, Photovoltaics, Lawrence J Goodrich (USA).
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
Faculty Training to be imparted in the following Topics
Computational Physics Lab—C, C++,

Scilab Programming for Core I,C-V,C-VIII,C-XI and C-XIII Practicals.

2. Digital Electronics. Theory and Practicals.

3. Quantum Mechanics Problem Solving

4. Solid State Physics- Elementary Band Theory and Superconductivity

5. Statistical Mechanics.-Quantum Distribution

6. Nanotechnology.

ESSENTIAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT RECOMMENDED :

Every college must have CRO, Function generator, Laser and Logic Gate
packages.