Environmental Science

Topic 9: Solid Waste Management

6. Chemical Waste - harmful chemicals, produced by
factories (battery - heavy metals, detrimental effect to
RA 9003 - ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT human health and environment, mercury)
ACT OF 2000 7. Commercial Waste - produced by business in its
premises - businesses, 7/11, malls (consturction,
 An act providing for an ecological solid waste agriculture, demolition, food wrappers, etc)
management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanisms and incentives, 8. Medical Waste - infectious waste (mask, syringe, etc)
declaring certain acts prohibited and providing 9. Bulky Waste - domestic waste too big for usual
penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and collection (quality furniture and broken appliances can
for other purposes be donated)

 creating the necessary institutional mechanisms

and incentives - policy implementation
Solid Waste
 declaring certain acts prohibited and providing
penalties - penal provisions in the law (section  It is defined as “ non liquid, non-soluble
48 - prohibited acts and sanctions) materials ranging from municipal garbage to
industrial wastes that contain complex &
 the bigger act committed, the higher the sometimes hazardous substances”
penalty
Solid Waste also include:
Waste • Garbage
• Demolition products
 Waste is defined as (also known as trash, • Sewage treatment residue
refuse, garbage, junk) is any unwanted or • Dead animals
useless materials. • Manureand other discarded material.

 Any materials unused and rejected as worthless Sources of Waste

or unwanted and “A useless or profile less  Agriculture
activity using or expanding or consuming  Industrial
thoughtlessly or carefully.”
 Residential/Household
 unwanted, useless materials (can't be recycled)
 Commercial
Characterization of Waste
1. Solid Waste – to be discussed Types of Waste

2. Liquid Waste - wastewater - no use water (fats, oils, 1. Household waste as municipal waste
grease, hazardous)
3. Gaseous Waste - results of human made activity 2. Industrial waste as hazardous waste
(carbon dioxide, methane, cfc, carbon monoxide, air
pollutants) 3. Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious
waste
4. Animal By Product (ABP) - parts of slaughtered
animals not directly consumed (bones, fats, in lechon
baboy etc)
5. Biodegradable Waste - degraded naturally (bacteria,
fungi, etc) food materials, natural waste, malata
 Topic 9: Solid Waste Management
 generated in hospitals

1. Household/Municipal waste Effects 0f Solid Waste

 Municipal solid waste consist of (household 1. Health Hazard

waste, construction and, demolition debris,
sanitation residue and waste from streets.)  If solid waste are not collected and allowed to
accumulate , they may create unsanitary
 With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle conditions.
and food habits ,the amount of municipal solid
waste has been increasing rapidly and its  This may lead to epidemic outbreaks .
composition changing.
 Many diseases like cholera. Diarrhea,
 generated by our household dysentery, plague, jaundice, or gastro-
intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss
2. Industrial/Hazardous of human lives.

 Industrial waste is considered hazardous as 2. Environment

they may contain toxic substances
 If the solid wastes are not treated properly
 Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to decomposition and putrefaction( decay) may
humans, animals and plants. They are: take place .
(1)corrosive and (2) highly inflammable or
explosive.  The organic solid waste during decomposition
may generate obnoxious (intolerable odor)
 In the industrial sector the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal’ chemical’  intolerable odor (headaches, cough, etc)
paper, pesticide, dye and rubber goods
industries.

 Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous Waste Management Concept

waste such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal
The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to be followed for
 mercury and cyanide - ex. of heavy metals waste management.

 wastes generated in industries (power plants 1. Reduce

3. Hospital waste/Biomedical “How can I reduce the amount of waste I produce?”

 The first 'R' is all about creating less waste. Here
 Bio-medical waste means “Any waste which is
are some of the ways you can do this:
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
• Only buy what you need
immunization of human beings or animals or in
• Choose products with less packaging
research activities pertaining thereto or in the
• Buy in bulk
production or testing of biological”
 Reducing the amount of waste, we all generate
 It may include wastes like sharp waste,
is a great way to benefit the environment.
pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste,
genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and
 reducing use of jeans (reduce buying in SALES if
radioactive waste etc.
u still have sooo many jeans :>)
 Topic 9: Solid Waste Management
2. Reuse  “Solid waste storage” means the interim
containment of solid waste, in an approved
“How can I reuse what I have?” manner, after generating and prior to collection
and disposal.
 The second 'R' looks at how you can use certain
items again (ideally multiple times) before  “Storage container” means a garbage can,
replacing them. Here are some ideas: dumpster or other container used or designed
for the deposit or storage of solid waste before
 Refill a water bottle with water from home transport to the landfill.
instead of buying a new one
 Waste segregator that can be used again.
 Update your computer rather than throwing it
out and getting are placement 2. Collection

 Ditch plastic bags and choose reusable,  Waste collection is a part of the process of
environmentally-friendly bags instead waste management. It is the transfer of solid
waste from the point of use and disposal to the
 A bonus of reusing? As well as helping the point of treatment or landfill.
environment, you could save money too!
 not included in the segregation, no longer used\
3. Recycle

“How can I recycle the products I use?”

3. Transport and Handling
 The third 'R' is about making sure you separate
items that can be recycled, meaning they can be  Waste handling and separation involves
used for a new purpose. activities associated with waste management
until the waste is placed in storage containers
 Recycling is the process of collecting and for collection. Handling also encompasses the
processing materials that would otherwise be movement of loaded containers to the point of
thrown away as trash and turning them into collection.
new products. Recycling can benefit your
community and the environment.  Waste is transferred from a smaller collection
vehicle to larger transport equipment
 change the original into new form
4. Recycling
 Endpoint- landfill, where our wastes go in the
end  Recycling refers to the collection and refuse of
waste materials such as empty beverage
Solid Waste Management container.
Waste management is the:
 The materials from which the items are made
1. storage
can be processed into new products.
2. collection
3. transport and handling
 Materials for recycling may be collected
4. recycling
separately from general waste using dedicated
5. disposal and monitoring of waste materials
bins.

 before dumped in the landfill, wastes are

1. Storage
recycled
 Topic 9: Solid Waste Management
5. Disposal and Monitoring of Waste Materials

 Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is

the most popularly used method of waste
disposal used today. This process of waste
disposal focuses attention on burying the waste
in the land.

 burying wastes in the land

Polluter Pays Principles

The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the

polluting party pays for the impact caused to the
environment. With respect to waste management, this
generally refers to the requirement for a waste
generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the
unrecoverable material.

 Based on Section 48

 Fast-food chains generate large volume of

wastes