CBSE

Class 9 Science
Important Questions
Chapter 9
Forces and Laws of Motion

3 Marks Questions

1. Which of the following has more inertia:

(a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size?

(b) a bicycle and a train?

(c) a five rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?

Ans. (a) as tone of the same size will have more inertia than a rubber ball.

(b) A train will have more inertia than a bicycle.

(c) A five rupees coin will have more inertia than a one-rupee coin.

2. In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball
changes:

“A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football
towards the goal. The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football and kicks it
towards a player of his own team”.

Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.

Ans. In the given example the velocity of football changes four times. As described below:

(i) when the football player is supplying the force when he kicks the football to another
player.

(ii) when the other player kicks football towards the goal.

(iii) When the goalkeeper of other team stops the ball.

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(iv) When the goalkeeper kicks the football towards player of his team.

3. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake
its branch.

Ans. Some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch
because the some of the leaves due to property of inertia remain at rest while we vigorously
shake branch of the tree as a result those leaves detach and fall off.

4. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall
backwards when it accelerates from rest?

Ans. when a moving bus brakes to a stop we fall in the forward direction because we are
also moving with the speed of bus due to the inertia of motion and when suddenly it puts
brakes i.e. comes to rest the lower half of our body also comes to rest but the upper half of
our body not being in close contact with bus is still in the phase of motion so we fall in the
forward direction.

When the bus accelerates from rest, we are also at rest being on the resting seat as the engine
applies force in forward direction we fall backwards due to the inertia now.

5. If action is always equal to the reaction, explain how a horse can pull a cart.

Ans. With a balance force the overall impact is absence of movement but with unbalanced
forces, the resultant or the bigger force causes the motion. Same is true in the case where a
horse pulls a cart. Horse exerts more force on the cart than the cart exerts to resist its
movement hence this is an unbalanced force and the cart moves in the direction of horse’s
pull.

6. Explain, why is it difficult for fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of
water at a high velocity.

Ans. It is difficult for fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of water at a high
velocity because of the third law of newton when the hose ejects large amounts of water at a
high velocity in forward direction the water coming out pushes the hose pipe in backward

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direction and it becomes difficult to hold it.

7. From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of
.Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.

Ans. Initial Momentum of rifle and bullet (before fire)

= mv

= 0

Final Momentum of rifle and bullet (after fire)

where(50g = 0.05kg)

= - 0.44m/s

8. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If
the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then
calculate:

(a) the net accelerating force;

(b) the acceleration of the train; and

(c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.

Ans. (a) The net accelerating force = Force exerted by engine - frictional force of track =
40000 - 5000 = 35000 N

(b) the acceleration of the train = a = F/m = 35000/(5 x 2000) = 35000/10000 =

(c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2

Wagon 1 will have to exert force on all 4 wagons next to it

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so mass of other 4 wagons =

F = ma

9. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in opposite

directions. The velocity of each object is 2.5 m s-1 before the collision during which they
stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined object after collision?

Ans. Momentum before collision took place

= 0

Since the objects stick together after collision hence

momentum after collision

= 3v

momentum before collision = momentum after collision

0 = 3v, v= 0/3 = 0

the velocity of the combined object after collision (v)= 0

10. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes
back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked
along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by Answering that
the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain
why the truck does not move.

Ans. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back
on us with an equal and opposite force result is the two opposite and equal forces cancel
each other but when one of these forces is bigger than inertia so the object moves in the
direction of force applied. As this student explains the truck is massive so the force applied

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cannot overcome force caused by inertia. Therefore, the truck does not move.

11. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at is struck by a hockey stick so as to

return it along its original path with a velocity at . Calculate the change of
momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the
hockey stick.

Ans. mass of hockey ball = 200 g = 0.2 kg

(return velocity)

initial momentum of hockey ball = 2 kg m/s

final momentum of hockey ball = -1 kg m/s

change in momentum of hockey ball = 2 - (-1) = 2 + 1 = 3 kg m/s

12. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of strikes a

stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of
penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force
exerted by the wooden block on the bullet.

Ans. v =u + at

the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block

= 4.5 - 2.25

= 2.25 m

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the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet

m = 10 g = 0.01 kg

13. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of

collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both
move off together in the same straight line. Calculate the total momentum just before
the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the velocity of the combined object.

Ans. Wooden block is stationery (at rest) so its velocity

mass of combined object is = 1 kg + 5 kg = 6 kg

total momentum before the impact = 10 kg m/s

law of conservation of momentum:

total momentum just before the impact = total momentum after the impact= 10 kg m/s

thereforethe velocity of the combined object: = 6v

v = 10/6 = 1.67 m/s

14. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls
from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be .

Ans. height from which dumb bell falls = 80 cm = 0.8 m

since we know

= 16

15. A force of 15 N acts for 5s on a body of mass 5 Kg which is initially at rest. Calculate.

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a) final velocity of the body

b) the displacement of the body

Ans. a) Force = F = 15 N

Time t = 5s

Mass = M = 5 Kg

Initial velocity =u=0

V = Final velocity = ?

Displacement = ?

F = Ma

Now, 1)

V=15 m/s

b)

16. Differentiate between mass and weight?

Ans.

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17. A scooter is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s when brakes are applied. The mass of
the scooter and the rider is 180Kg. the constant force applied by the brakes is 500 N.

a) How long should the brakes be applied to make the scooter comes to a halt?

b) How far does the scooter travel before it comes to rest?

Ans. Initial velocity = u=20 m/s

Final velocity = V=O

Mass of scooter = M = 180 Kg

& Rider

Force = F = 500 N

a) F=Ma

500=180 a

Since the final velocity is zero, the acceleration is negative (Retardation)

So,

Now, V=u + at

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2.78 =20

b) S=ut+

18. State Newton’s third law of motion and how does it explain the walking of man on
the ground?

Ans. According to Newton’s third law of motion, if a body A exerts a force F on the body B
then the body B exerts a force -F on the body A and the forces act along the same line.

When a person walks on the ground, then he pushes the ground backwards with a force F
and in reaction the ground also pushes the man in the forward direction and hence the man
walks forward.

Acc. to Newton’s third law:

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

19. With what speed must a ball be thrown vertically up in order to rise to a maximum
height of 45m? And for how long will it be in air?

Ans. Initial velocity = u = ?

Final velocity = ( Body comes to rest)

Acceleration due to gravity=

Distance = S = 45 m

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1)

U = 30 m/s

2) V=Vo+at

O=30+(-10)

=3s.

The ball takes 3s to go up

The ball takes 3s to come down

The total time of flight=6 sec.

20. State Newton’s second law of motion and derive it mathematically?

Ans. According to Newton’s second Law of motion, rate of change of momentum is equal to
the force acting on it and both take place in the same direction

Mass of Body = m kg

Initial velocity = u

Force = F

Let the direction of the force be the same as the direction of motion of the body.

Let force act for time = t sec

Final velocity = V

Initial Momentum = Pi = mv

Final momentum = Pf

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Change in Momentum = Pf - Pi = mv - mu

Rate of change in Momentum =

Now, Acceleration =

Use (2) in (1)

Rate of change in Momentum = ma from Newton’s second law of motion, F = ma

21. A bullet travelling at 360 m/s; strikes a block of soft wood. The mass of the bullet is
2.0g. The bullet comes to rest after penetrating 10 cm into the wood?

a) Find the average deceleration force exerted by the wood.

b) Find the time taken by the bullet to come to rest.

Ans. Initial velocity = u = 360 m/s

Final Velocity =0

Distance Travelled = S = 10 cm = 0.1 m

Acceleration = ?

Force = ?

1)

m = Mass = 2g = 0.002 Kg

Force = F = Ma

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Average decelerating force = 1296 N

b)

22. Two objects A and B are dropped from a height the object B being dropped. S after A
was dropped. How long after A was dropped will A and B be 10 m apart?

Ans. Initial velocity = u = O

Let A for s → acceleration = a =

For object A: - Distance Travelled =

For object B, time = (t-1) s

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Subtracting equation b) & a)

The objects will be 10 m apart 1.52 s after A is dropped.

23. A boy throws a stone up with a velocity of 60 m/s.

1) How long will it take to reach the maximum height

2) What will be the maximum height reached by the stone?

3) What will be its velocity when it reaches the ground?

Ans. Initial velocity = u = 60 m/s

Final velocity = V = O

Acceleration due to gravity =

1) V = u + gt

10 t = 60

T = 6 sec

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2) h = height

= 360 -180

= 180 m

3) The velocity when it reaches the ground = 60 m/s.

24. A certain particle has a weight of 30 N at a place where the acceleration due to
gravity is

a) What are its mass and weight at a place where acceleration due to gravity is
.

b) What will be its mass & weight at a place where acceleration due to gravity is zero.

Ans. Weight of particle = w = 30 N

Acceleration due to gravity =

m = Mass of particle

1) w = mg

W = mg g at the place

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= 10.71 N

Mass at the place = 3.061 Kg

2) At a place where g O; w = weight = O

But Mass = 3.061 Kg because mass is a constant quantity.

25. Why does a person while firing a bullet holds the gun tightly to his shoulders?

Ans. A person while firing a bullet holds the gun tightly to his shoulder because while firing
the bullet, the bullet moves in the forward direction with a greater force and as a reaction by
Newton’s third law the gun will also move with the same force in the backward direction, so
to prevent the shoulder of the person getting injured he must hold the gun tightly so that the
force is not felt that strongly.

26. A car is moving with a velocity of 16 m/s when brakes are applied. The force applied
by the brakes is 1000 N. The mass of the car its passengers is 1200 Kg.

a) How long should the brakes be applied to make the car come to a halt?

b) How for does the car travel before it comes to rest?

Ans. Initial velocity = u = 16 m/s

Final velocity = v = o

Force = F = 1000 N

Mass = M = 1200 Kg

F = Ma

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The acceleration is negative because it retards the body.

a) v = u + at

b) s = Distance Travelled

S = 153.6 m

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