Anekant Education Society’s

Tuljaram Chaturchand College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Baramati

Autonomous
Department of Psychology
Question Bank
2019-20
Subject: Research Methodology (PSY-42203)

Objective Questions
1) A hypothesis is best defined as _____
a) A classification system
b) An unproved theory about the outcome of a study
c) A prediction about the outcome of the study
d) A proven fact
2) Basic scientific research is carried out:
a) To solve practical problems
b) Just to see what would happen
c) To verify a theoretical problem
d) To gather data to test a theory
3) When developing hypotheses, the inductive approach seeks to____
a) Generate hypotheses
b) Test hypotheses
c) Simplify hypotheses
d) All of the above
4) Which of the following best represents the stages of the experimental method of
research?
a) Research question, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis and
support/reject theory.
b) Research question, generate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis,
and support/reject theory.
c) Research question, generate theory, data collection, data analysis, and support/reject
theory.
d) Generate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject
theory.
5) Who authored the book “methods in Social Research”
a) Wilkinson b) CR Kothari c) Kerlinger d) Goode and Halt
6) “A systematic step-by-step Procedure following logical process of reasoning” called
a) Experiment b) Observation c) Deduction d) Scientific method
7) Scientific method is committed to ……………….
a) Objectivity b) Ethics c) Proposition d) Neutrality
8) An essential Criterion of Scientific study is
a) Belief b) Value c) Objectivity d) Subjectivity
9) Science is broadly divided into ……………….
a) Natural and Social b) Natural and Physical c) Physical and Mental
d) Social and Physical
10) The method by which a sample is chosen
a) Unit b) design c) Random d) Census
11) Research is classified on the basis of …….. and methods
a) Purpose b) Intent c) Methodology d) Techniques
12) Research undertaken for knowledge sake is
a) Pure Research b) Action Research c) Pilot study d) Survey
13) Example for fact finding study is
a) Pure Research b) Survey c) Action Research d) Long term Research
14) Facts or information’s are analyzed and critical evaluation is made in
a) Survey b) Action research c) Analytical research d) Pilot study
15) Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is ………….
a) Fundamental Research b) Analytical Research c) Survey
d) Action Research
16) Fundamental Research is otherwise called
a) Action Research b) Survey c) Pilot study d) Pure Research
17) Motivation Research is a type of …………… research
a) Quantitative b) Qualitative c) Pure d) applied
18) Research related to abstract ideas or concepts is
a) Empirical research b) Conceptual Research c) Quantitative research
d) Qualitative research
19) A research which follows case study method is called
a) Clinical or diagnostic b) Causal c) Analytical d) Qualitative
20) Research conducted in class room atmosphere is called
a) Field study b) Survey c) Laboratory Research d) Empirical Research
21) Research through experiment and observation is called
a) Clinical Research b) Experimental Research c) Laboratory Research
d) Empirical Research
22) Population Census is an example of ………….. Research
a) Survey b) Empirical c) Clinical d) Diagnostic
23) ………….. is a way to systematically solve the research problem
a) Technique b) Operations c) Research methodology
d) Research Process
24) Good Research is always ……………
a) Slow b) Fast c) Narrow d) Systematic
25) Research method is a part of …………..
a) Problem b) Experiment c) Research Techniques
d) Research methodology
26) Identifying causes of a problem and possible solution to a problem is
a) Field Study b) diagnosis tic study c) Action study d) Pilot study
27) “Foundations of Behavioral Research” is written by
a) P.V. Young b) Kerlinger c) Emory d) Clover Vernon
28) …………… is a motivation for research in students
a) Research degree b) Research Academy c) Research Labs
d) Research Problems
29) Which of the following is an example of primary data?
a) Book b) Journal c) News Paper d) Census Report
30) ………….. is the first step of Research process
a) Formulation of a problem b) Collection of Data c) Editing and Coding
d) Selection of a problem
31) A problem well put is ……………….
a) Fully solved b) Not solved c) Cannot be solved d) half- solved
32) ……………. is a source of problem
a) Schools and Colleges b) Class Room Lectures c) Play grounds
d) Infra structures
33) A question which requires a solution is ………….
a) Observation b) Problem c) Data d) Experiment
34) Converting a question into a Researchable problem is called …………
a) Solution b) Examination c) Problem formulation
d) Problem Solving
35) While Selecting a problem, problem which is ………….. is no taken
a) Very Common b) Overdone c) Easy one d) rare
36) The first step in formulating a problem is
a) Statement of the problem b) Gathering of Data c) Measurement
d) Survey
37) …………….. will help in finding out a problem for research
a) Professor b) Tutor c) HOD d) Guide
38) ………… is a quality of Good Researcher
a) Scientific temper b) Age c) Money d) time
39) A tentative proposition subject to test is
a)Variable b) Hypothesis c) Data d) Concept
40) A Hypothesis which develops while planning the research is
a) Null Hypothesis b) Working Hypothesis c) Relational Hypothesis
d) Descriptive Hypothesis
41) When a hypothesis is stated negatively it is called
a) Relational Hypothesis b) Situational Hypothesis c) Null Hypothesis
d) Casual Hypothesis
42) The first variable is …………….. variable
a) Abstract b) Dependent c) Independent d) Separate
43) The second variable is called …………
a) Independent b) Dependent c) Separate d) Abstract
44) Hypothesis which explain relationship between two variables is
a) Causal b) Relational c) Descriptive d)Tentative
45) Null means…………
a) One b) Many c) Zero d) None of these
46) Hypothesis concerned with analytical variable is
a) Null Hypothesis b) Casual Hypothesis c) Barren Hypothesis
d) Analytical Hypothesis
47) Hypothesis ……………… Research
a) Guide b) Misguide c) Alter d) Change
48) A Hypothesis contributes to the development of ………….
a) Theory b) Generalization c) Evolution d) Concept
49) …………. Is a quality of Good Hypothesis?
a) Small in size b) Conceptual Clarity c) durability d) applicability
50) A Hypothesis must be …………….
a) Diffuse b) Specific c) Slow d) Speedy
51) Hypothesis must have ………………
a) Applicability b) Durability c) Testability d) Measurement
52) Statistical Hypothesis is derived from
a) Frame b) Data c) Sample d) Facts
53) The …………. in which researcher is nurtured is a source of Hypothesis
a) Caste b) Community c) Culture d) Economy
54) In testing a Hypothesis the common error is
a) Type I b) Type I and II c) Type II d) None of these

55) Survey is a ……………. Study

a) Descriptive b) Fact finding c) Analytical d) Systematic
56) Survey is always a …………..Study
a) Field b) Laboratory c) Office d) Class room
57) In a survey there is an enumerator and a ………………….
a) Guide b) Respondent c) Supervisor d) Messenger
58) The first step in a survey is ……………. of a problem
a) Application b) Rejection c) Selection d) Planning
59) The first purpose of a survey is to ……………..
a) Description b) Evaluation c) Propagation d) Provide Information
60) All surveys are essentially ……….
a) Narrative b) Explanatory c) Interdisciplinary d) Communal
61) A survey is limited by the willingness and ……………. of respondent
a) Co-operation b) Help c) Access d) Attitude
62) In a survey the number questions is……………….
a) Unlimited b) limited c) Both limited and un limited
d) None of the above
63) Final stage in the Research Process is
a) Problem formulation b) Data collection c) Data Analysis
d) Report Writing
64) A Research Report is a formal statement of ……………….
a) Research Process b) Research Problem c) Data collection
d) Data Editing
65) A comprehensive full Report of the research process is called
a) Thesis b) Summary Report c) Abstract d) Article
66) The Report submitted when there is a time lag between data collection and
presentation
of Result is called
a) Thesis b) Interim Report c) Summary Report d) Article
67) A short summary of Technical Report is called
a) Article b) Research Abstract c) Publication d) Guide
68) ………………. is called publication in a Research journal
a) Guide b) Popular report c) Research article d) Format
69) The first page of the research report is
a) Appendix b) Bibliography c) Index d) Title Page
70) In Research Report ……………. is used to acknowledge indebtness
a) Bibliography b) Index c) Appendix d) Foot-Notes
71) A Blue print of Research work is called
a) Research Problem b) Research design c) Research tools
d) Research methods
72) The concrete observable events which represent the abstract concepts or constructs
are called………
a) Data b) Sample c) Variable d) Proposition
73) In …………… the main purpose is to formulate a problem for more precise
investigation
a) Exploratory or Formulative study b) Descriptive study
c) Diagnostic study d) None of the above

74) ……………… is concerned with discovering and testing certain variables with
respect to their association or disassociation
a) Exploratory b) Descriptive c) Diagnostic
d) Descriptive and diagnostic
75) ……………… prevent a researcher from blind search and intellectual wandering
a) Data b) Sample c) Research tools d) Research design
76) Research design is a blue print, outline and a …………….
a) Plan b) System c) Strategy d) Guide
77) Facts, figures and other relevant materials serving as bases for a study is called
a) Sample b) Method c) Data d) Theory
78) The original source from which researcher collects information is
a) Primary Source b) Secondary Source c) Both primary and Secondary
d) None of these
79) Source of Data collected and compiled by others is called
a) Primary b) Secondary c) Primary and Secondary
d) None of the above
80) Data related to human beings are called
a) Territorial data b) Organizational data c) Peripheral data
d) Demographic data
81) Data related to geophysical characteristics are called
a) Demographic Data b) Territorial Data c) Personal Data
d) Organizational Data
82) The way or mode of gathering data is………..
a) Tool b) method c) Technique d) Observation
83) An instrument used in method is called……….
a) Sample b) Technique c) Tool d) Survey

84) Observation is a Physical and ……….. activity

a) Mental b) Social c) Psychological d) Personal
85) In a …………… observation researcher is a part of observation
a) Non participant b) Participant c) Structural d) Unstructured
86) In a ………….. observation researcher stands apart and does not participate
a) Structural b) Unstructured c) Non Participant d) Participant
87) Observation of an event personally by the observer is ……………..
a) Indirect observation b) Direct observation
c) Controlled observation d) Uncontrolled observation
88) Camera, tape recorder, video tape etc are ……………. Devices of observation
a) Casual b) Mechanical c) Technical d) Manual
89) Observation is of no use in collecting ………………
a) Full events b) Past events c) Present events
d) all of the above
90) A two way systematic conversation between an investigator and respondent is called
a) Observation b) Schedule c) Interview d) Simulation
91) Interview with a detailed standardized schedule is called
a) Clinical Interview b) Structural Interview c) Group Interview
d) Direct Interview
92) An Interview in which interviewer encourage the respondent to talk freely about a
given topic is…………….
a) Focused Interview b) Structural Interview c) Unstructured Interview
d) Clinical Interview

93) Interview which require “Probing” is called

a) Clinical Interview b) Depth Interview c) Group Interview
d) Telephone Interview
94) The Friendly relationship between Interviewer and respondent is called
a) Morale b) Management c) Rapport d) Conclusion
95) In adequate response, Interviewers bias non response etc is the limitations of ………..
a) Observation b) Interview c) Sample d) Data
96) An example of non-personal method of Data collection is………………
a) Interview b) Group Interview c) Schedule
d) Telephone Interview
97) A methods of collecting primary data in which a number of individuals with a
common interest interact is called
a) Telephone Interview b) Clinical Interview c) Focused Interview
d) Group Interview
98) Sending Questionnaire to a respondent with a request to complete and return by post
is called
a) Mail Survey b) Interview c) Observation d) Panel
99) Schedule is used as a ………………..
a) Questionnaire b) Tool c) Method d) technique
100) Schedule is filled by ……………
a) Respondent b) Enumerator c) Everybody
d) None of the above
101) Questionnaire is filled by ……………….
a) Respondent b) Everybody c) Enumerator d) None of the above
102) Questions which allow only a few alternative way of answering is called ………..
a) Open ended questions b) Unstructured questions
c) Structural questions d) Dichotomous questions
103) Questions in which only two alternatives are possible is called……………
a) Multiple choice questions b) Dichotomous questions
c) Open ended questions d) Structured questions
104) Questions which seek information is called……………
a) Factual question b) Opinion question c) Hypothetical question
d) Marginal question
105) The question which by its content structure or wordings leads the respondent in the
direction of a certain answer is called…………..
a) Factual question b) Opinion question c) Leading question
d) Structural question
106) The aggregate of all the units pertaining to a study is called…………
a) Population or universe b) Unit c) Sample d) Frame
107) A member of the population is called ……………
a) Element b) Census c) Sample d) Group
108) Sample value is called………………
a) Parameter b) Core Value c)Statistic d) Variable
109) Population value is called …………..
a) Statistic b) Parameter c) Variable d) Core value
110) Probability sampling is otherwise called……..
a) Multiple choice b) Uni-variate Analysis c) Random Sampling
d) Bi-variate Analysis
111) Sampling which provides for a known non zero chance of selection is……………
a) Probability sampling b) Non probability sampling
c) multiple Choice d) analysis
112) An example of probability sampling is…………..
a) Quota Sampling b) Snow-ball sampling c) Purposive sampling
d) Lottery method
113) …………… are used for Random Sample when the population is very large.
a) Calculator b) Telescope c) Computer d) Typewriter
114) In which sample population is divided into different strata and sample is taken from
different strata?
a) Quota Sampling b) Snow ball sampling c) Stratified sampling
d)Purposive Sampling
115) Drawing a sample from each stratum in the proportion to latter’s share in the total
population is called…..
a) Stratified sampling b) Proportioned stratified sampling
c) Disproportionate sampling d) Quota sampling
116) Selecting sample units in just a “hit and miss” fashion is called…….
a) Convenience or Accidental sampling b) Purposive sampling
c) Stratified sampling d) Proportionate sampling
117) A technique of Building up a list or a sample of a special population by using an
initial set of members as informants is called…………
a) Quota sampling b)Convenience Sampling c) Snow ball Sampling
d) Purposive sampling
118) All the physical components of the computer are collectively called……….
a) Software b) Hard ware c) Firm Ware d) Circuit
119) Computer operations are through ………….
a) Binary digits b) Decimal c) Reminder d) Fraction
120) Office Editing and ……….. are two types of Editing in Research
a) Lab editing b) Field Editing c) Class Roam Editing
d) Book Editing
121) Assigning numerals or other symbols to the categories or response is called……….
a) Editing b) Coding c) Transcription d) Tablet ion
122) Summarizing raw data and displaying them on compact statistical tables for analysis
Is…………….
a) Tabulation b) Coding c) Transcription d) Editing

123) Which of the following is not an essential element of report writing?

a) Methodology b) References
c) Conclusion d) None of these
124) Testing hypothesis is a ………….
a) Inferential Statistics b) Descriptive Statistics
c) Data Preparation d) Data Analysis
125) Is it possible to apply projective techniques for exploratory investigation?
a) Yes b) No
c) Both Are d) None of the Above
126) What is the purpose of doing research?
a) To identify Problem b) To find Solution
c) Both a & b d) None of the Above
127) Which method can be applicable for collecting qualitative data?
a) Artifacts (Visual) b) People
c) Media Products d) All of the Above
128) Which of the following is non-probability Sampling?
a) Snow-ball b) Random
c) Cluster d) Stratified
129) In a group interview there are………………………
a) One Interviewer & One Interviewee
b) More than One Interviewer & One Interviewee
c) One Interviewer & More than One Interviewee
d) More than One Interviewer & More than One Interviewee
130) Which of the following are associated with behavioral observation?
a) Non-Verbal Analysis b) Linguistics Analysis
c) Spatial Analysis d) All of the Above
131) Uniting various quantitative methods with quantitative methods can be called
as……..
a) Coalesce b) Triangulation
c) Bipartite d) Impassive
132) Multistage sampling is a………………
a) Probability Sampling
b) Non-Probability Sampling
c) Both a & b
d) All of the Above
133) The research process have certain characteristics……………….
a) Controlled & Systematic
b) Critical & Empirical
c) Rigorous & Valid
d) All of the Above
134) One step that is not included in a research proposal………………
a) Identifying a research problem
b) Review of Literature
c) Methodology
d) Conducting a Meta- Analysis
135) The participants (sample) are described in detail in which section of the research
proposal?
a) Introduction b) Methodology
c) Data Analysis d) Discussion
136) A research hypothesis are……………………..
a) Formulated prior to a review of literature
b) Statement of relationship between variables
c) Only a
d) Both a & b
137) A research proposal…………………………..
a) Should be detailed
b) Should be given to others for review & comments
c) Sets out the rationale for research study
d) All of the Above
138) In the statement “Effectiveness of teaching methods on students learning” students
learning is the ……………variable.
a) Independent Variable b) Extraneous Variable
c) Casual Variable d) Dependent Variable
139) Response is a function of stimulus and organism. In that case Stimulus and
organism are…………….
a) Independent Variable b) Extraneous Variable
c) Casual Variable d) Dependent Variable
140) Field study method is the method of ………………….
a) Laboratory Observation b) Naturalistic Observation
c) Occasional Observation d) All of the Above
141) In studying the public opinion……………….
a) Field study should be apply
b) Action research should be apply
c) Laboratory research should be apply
d) Survey method should be apply
142) “Adequate level of light will increases reading efficiency” is a type of
hypothesis………
a) Existential Hypothesis b) Universal Hypothesis
c) Alternative Hypothesis d) Directional Hypothesis
143) “A is equal to B” is a example of ……………..hypothesis.
a) Substantive Hypothesis b) Null Hypothesis
c) Alternative Hypothesis d) Directional Hypothesis
145) ………….is the types of survey research design.
a) Cross-sectional b) Longitudinal
c) Successive independent samples d) All of the Above

146) In what type of research study researcher study an individual subject in depth?
a) Naturalistic Observation b) Laboratory Observation
c) Case Study d) Survey Study
147) What is the variable called that a researcher manipulates in an experiments?
a) Independent Variable b) Extraneous Variable
c) Casual Variable d) Dependent Variable
148) What is the common way of controlling extraneous variables in an experiments?
a) Random Assignment b) Double Blind Procedure
c) Single Blind Procedure d) None of the Above
149) In controlling practice effect counter balancing techniques used in……………
a) Repeated Measures Design b) Mixed Design
c) Between Groups Design d) Factorial Design
150) In a mixed design researcher studies the ……………………..
a) Only Independent Variable b) Only Dependent Variable
c) More than two levels of variables d) None of the Above
151) In a research process selection of research design depends on……………
a) A researcher b) Nature of the study
c) Types & Number of Variables d) Both a & b
152) Research design means………………..
a) Away of conducting research is grounded on theory
b) A detailed procedure of the research
c) A blue print of the research
d) All of the Above
153) The most widely used control technique is…………………………
a) Randomization b) Elimination Technique
c) Balancing Technique d) Counterbalancing Technique
154) A more than two groups design is called……………….
a) Factorial Design b) Randomized Block Design
c) Within Groups Design d) Between Groups Design
 155) Which of the following is not a strength of experimental studies?
a) Establishment of cause & effect relationship
b) Control of Variables
c) Replication
d) Narrow definition of concepts
156) A research design serves two functions……...........................
a) It answers the research problem as objectively, validly & economically
b) Act as a control mechanism
c) Both a & b correct
d) Only b correct
157) Experimental variance called as a………………………
a) Primary variance b) Secondary Variance
c) Both a & b correct d) Only b correct
158) “A technique in which each member of population has an equal and independent
chance of being selected”……………………….
a) Randomization b) Elimination Technique
c) Balancing Technique d) Counterbalancing Technique
159) A good criteria’s of any research design………………………..
a) Capacity to answer research problem
b) Control of Variables
c) Generalization
d) All of the Above
160) Within groups design are…………………………..
a) Complete Groups Design
b) Incomplete Groups Design
c) Repeated Measures Design
d) All of the Above
One Sentence Questions
1) What do you mean a research?
2) What is the main aim/purpose of doing research?
3) What is scientific research?
4) What is the difference between scientist and laypersons approach?
5) What are the goals of research in psychology?
6) Give any two characteristics of research.
7) What is purpose of basic research?
8) What is purpose of applied research?
9) What is purpose of exploratory research?
10) What is purpose of conclusive research?
11) What is purpose of descriptive research?
12) What is purpose of analytical research?
13) What is purpose of quantitative research?
14) What is purpose of qualitative research?
15) Give any two criteria’s of good research.
16) What is research problem?
17) Give any two criteria’s of good research problem.
18) What is mean by hypothesis?
19) What is the difference between hypotheses and hypothesis?
20) Give any two characteristics of good research hypothesis.
21) What do you mean by directional hypothesis?
22) Define universal and existential hypothesis.
23) Define alternative hypothesis.
24) Name two variables present in a lab experiment.
25) Distinguish between null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
26) What is mean by variable?
27) What do you mean by operational definition?
28) State any four sources of developing ideas in psychological research?
29) Define sampling.
30) Define population.
31) What is a sampling frame?
32) What is sampling error?
33) Define probability sampling.
34) Define non probability sampling.
35) Define statistic and parameter.
36) What is random sampling?
37) Define observation.
38) What is structured and unstructured interview?
39) What is the survey research?
40) State any two applications of survey research.
41) What is longitudinal study?
42) How do you define cross-sectional research?
43) What is a stratified sample?
44) Define Convenience and purposive sampling.
45) What is a cluster sample?
46) What is research design?
47) What is the factorial design?
48) What is within groups design?
49) What is between groups design?
50) What is the purpose of random assignment?
51) State the functions of experimental design.
52) What is complex design?
53) Define quasi-experiment design.
54) State the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental design.
55) What is the purpose of program evaluation?
56) What is the placebo effect?
57) What do you mean counterbalancing technique?
58) Define elimination technique?
59) Define balancing technique.
60) Define factor analysis.
61) What do you mean by higher order factor analysis?
62) What is exploratory factor analysis?
63) What is confirmatory factor analysis?
64) Define multiple regressions.
65) Define canonical correlation.
66) What is purpose of factor analysis?
67) When we use factor analysis?
68) Define qualitative research design.
69) What way we analyze qualitative data?
70) Give first publication year of the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of
Conduct.
71) Give any four APA’s ethics codes.
72) What is the purpose of review of literature in psychological research?
Short Notes
1) Hypotheses
2) Canonical correlation
3) Block design
4) Method of limit
5) Operational definition
6) Mixed design
7) Factor rotation
8) Likert type scale
9) Meaning and types of sampling
10) Principles of experimental design
11) Multiple regression
12) Single group design
13) Time series design
14) Cross-sectional survey design
15) Structural Equation
16) Applications of survey research
17) Problem
18) Variables
19) Observational Method
20) Interview Methods
21) Complex Designs
22) Program Evaluations
23) Qualitative Research Design
24) Analysis of Qualitative Data
25) Review of Literature
26) Displaying Results
27) Research Proposal
28) Research Report Writing
29) Scientific and Lay Persons Approach
30) Types of research
31) Laboratory experiments
32) Field Experiments
33) Field Study
34) Case Study
Short Answer Questions
1) Define scaling. Describe the psychophysical scaling.
2) Describe survey research design.
3) Explain randomized factorial block design.
4) Explain the quasi-experimental research design.
5) Explain factor analysis.
6) Differentiate between quantitative and quantitative research.
7) Explain program evaluation with example.
8) Explain ethical issues in psychological research.
9) State the importance of review of literature in research process.
10) Describe the various research steps.
11) State the importance of tools of displaying results.
12) Give a detailed account of survey research design.
13) Explain the various types of experiments.
14) Explain the various types of research.
15) Explain the various goals of psychological research.
16) Explain how developing ideas for psychological research?
17) Define questionnaire and its characteristics of a standard questionnaire.
18) Explain in detail the case study method.
19) Give the detailed account of types of interview.
20) State the importance of operational definition of variables.
21) Explain internet survey and its limitations.
 22) What is laboratory experiment? Give advantages and disadvantages.

Long Term Questions

1) What is sampling? Explain the various sampling techniques.

2) Explain the experimental designs with principles and functions.
3) What is the scaling? Explain psychophysical scaling methods.
4) Write a various research steps in detail to writing the research report as per APA style.
5) Describe the types of survey research designs.
6) Explain the randomized block factorial designed with examples.
7) Describe the types of quasi- experimental designs.
8) What is factor analysis? Explain its different methods.
9) What is APA style of research writing? Explain research proposal in APA style.
10) What are experimental design and its importance? Explain types of experimental designs.
11) Explain in detail various factorial designs.
12) What is quasi-experimental design? Explain types of quasi-experimental designs.
13) Differentiate between psychological and psychophysical scaling.
14) Explain between group design with special reference to two groups design and
randomized groups design.
15) Define qualitative research design and write in detail the qualitative analysis of data.
16) What is research design? Discuss advantages and disadvantages of factorial design.
17) Describe the basic principles and functions of experimental design.
18) Interpret the multiple regression analysis with suitable example.
19) Explain the structural equation modeling.
20) What is data? Explain the different methods of data collection.
21) Write in detail the characteristics and types of quasi-experimental designs.
22) What is multivariate analysis? Explain in detail multivariate techniques.