Arcondicionadocom Tubo de Orificio

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Systems Operation - Fundamentals

950G Series II Wheel Loader Air Conditioning and Heating
Número de Mídia -SEGV3011-00 Data de Publicação -01/07/2004 Data de Atualização -30/07/2004
i02113821
Orifice Tube System

SMCS - 7320
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
https://sis.cat.com/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sis... 10/3/2007
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Illustration 1
The standard air conditioning system contains five basic components:
Compressor - Increases pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor.
Condenser - Removes the heat from the high pressure high temperature refrigerant vapor causing
the vapor to change into high pressure liquid refrigerant
In-line dryer - Contains the desiccant and the orifice tube. Quick disconnects allow the in-line dryer
to be easily changed when needed
Evaporator - Low pressure liquid refrigerant boils, collecting heat from the surrounding area.
Accumulator - Acts as a liquid/vapor separator and ensures that only vapor will reach the
compressor.
On the orifice tube system, the liquid refrigerant that is leaving the evaporator can damage the
compressor. Therefore, an accumulator is located in the suction line after the evaporator. The
accumulator acts as a liquid/vapor separator. The accumulator ensures that only vapor will reach the
compressor.
On some orifice tube systems, the orifice tube is located in the low pressure liquid line to the
evaporator and the desiccant is in the accumulator.
On systems with an in-line dryer, the desiccant is in the dryer.
Compressor
Illustration 2
The dual purpose of the compressor is listed below:
z Increase the temperature and pressure of refrigerant gas from the evaporator.
z Circulate the refrigerant throughout the system.
The compressor has reed valves that control the entrance and the exit of refrigerant gas during the
pumping operation.
As the piston moves downward in the bore, the intake reed valve opens and the exhaust reed valve
closes. The low-pressure, heat-laden refrigerant gas is drawn from the evaporator into the
compressor. As the piston moves upward in the bore, the compressor pressurizes the gas. This
increases the intensity of the heat.
Since temperature is a measurement of heat-intensity, the temperature of the gas increases. The high-
pressure, high-temperature gas closes the intake reed valve and opens the exhaust reed valve. The
gas is forced through a hose to the condenser.
The pressure increase is accomplished by adding a restriction in the high pressure side of the system.
The restriction is caused by the orifice tube. The orifice tube is explained later in this presentation.
Condenser
The purpose of the condenser is to transfer the heat in the refrigerant gas to the atmosphere. The
condenser converts the refrigerant gas into a liquid. High pressure, high temperature refrigerant gas
flows from the compressor into the condenser. As the hot, high pressure gas flows through the
condenser, heat flows from the hot gas to the cooler air through the condenser coils. The high
pressure refrigerant gas cools and condenses into high pressure liquid. The high pressure liquid flows
from the condenser to the in-line dryer.
Ram Air - Used in automotive applications.
Forced Air - Used on construction equipment.
The ram air condenser depends on machine movement in order to force large volumes of air through
the condenser coils.
The forced air condenser uses fans to move large volumes of air through the condenser coils. The air
is cooler than the refrigerant gas that is inside the condenser. Heat flows from the hot refrigerant gas
to the cooler air.
In-line Dryer and Orifice Tube
Illustration 3
The in-line dryer contains a desiccant bag and two quick disconnects. The disconnects allows the in-
line dryer to be changed without reclaiming the refrigerant. Some in-line dryers may have a moisture
indicator.
On most orifice tube systems, the orifice tube is installed in the in-line dryer. The orifice tube
consists of a small tube through the center of a plastic body, two o-rings, two screens and two tabs.
The two screens (one on each end) filter the refrigerant that flows through the small tube. The two
O-rings are positioned to seal against leakage past the outside of the orifice tube. The two tabs
engage the tooling when the orifice tube is installed or removed.
The orifice tube separates the A/C System high side from the low side. High pressure liquid
refrigerant enters the orifice tube and low pressure liquid refrigerant exits the orifice tube.
The orifice tube has a fixed diameter. The orifice tube does not have the regulating capability of the
expansion valve. The refrigerant flows from the orifice tube to the evaporator. The amount of liquid
refrigerant that enters the evaporator is usually more than the evaporator can boil off. Therefore,
some refrigerant will leave the evaporator in the liquid form.
On some orifice tube systems, the orifice tube is installed in the evaporator inlet line.
Evaporator Unit
Illustration 4
The evaporator unit transfers the heat in the operator's compartment to the refrigerant in the air
conditioner.
A blower fan is a necessary part of the evaporator unit in the air conditioning system. The blower fan
draws heat laden air from the operator's compartment, over the evaporator fins, and coils where the
air surrenders heat to the refrigerant.
When the low pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator, the refrigerant is cooler than the air
from the blower fan. The heat in the air causes most of the low pressure liquid refrigerant to boil.
The liquid refriferant changes into refrigerant gas. The heat laden low pressure refrigerant gas/liquid
combination flows to the accumulator. The cooler air flows back into the operator's compartment.
Accumulator
Illustration 5
The accumulator stores the refrigerant gas/liquid mixture. The accumulator allows only gas
refrigerant to flow to the compressor. The refrigerant gas flows through the opening at the top of the
vapor line.
Earlier accumulators contain a diverter cap to keep the liquid away from the opening in the vapor
line. The oil bleed hole allows oil to flow back to the compressor.
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Some accumulators contain a desiccant bag in order to remove moisture from the refrigerant. On
systems with an in-line dryer, the desiccant is removed from the accumulator and placed in the in-
line dryer.
Direitos Autorais 1993 - 2007 Caterpillar Inc. Sat Mar 10 17:11:44 UTC-0300 2007
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Busca Avançada - SEGV3011 - 950G Series II Wheel Loader Air Conditioning and...

produtos: NENHUM EQUIPAMENTO SELECIONADO

Systems Operation - Fundamentals

Orifice Tube System

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

The standard air conditioning system contains five basic components:

Compressor - Increases pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor.

On systems with an in-line dryer, the desiccant is in the dryer.

The dual purpose of the compressor is listed below:

z Circulate the refrigerant throughout the system.

Ram Air - Used in automotive applications.

Forced Air - Used on construction equipment.

In-line Dryer and Orifice Tube

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