Model17C NH3

Model 17C
Instruction Manual
Chemiluminescence NH3 Analyzer
Part Number 14022
20Dec2007
The 220V option complies with 89/336/EEC directive for electromagnetic compatibility.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1-1
Principle of Operation...................................................................................................... 1-1

Specifications................................................................................................................... 1-3
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION...........................................................................2-1
Lifting............................................................................................................................... 2-1
Unpacking ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
Setup Procedure .............................................................................................................. 2-2
Analog Output Cover Installation ........................................................................ 2-4
Startup .............................................................................................................................. 2-7
CHAPTER 3 OPERATION ...............................................................................3-1
Display ............................................................................................................................. 3-1

Pushbuttons ...................................................................................................................... 3-1
Run Pushbutton.................................................................................................... 3-1
Menu Pushbutton ................................................................................................. 3-2
Enter Pushbutton.................................................................................................. 3-2
Help Pushbutton................................................................................................... 3-2
↑ ↓ ← → Pushbuttons ......................................................................................... 3-2
Software Overview .......................................................................................................... 3-2
Power-Up Screen ................................................................................................. 3-4
Self-Test Screen ................................................................................................... 3-4
Run Screen ........................................................................................................... 3-5
Main Menu........................................................................................................... 3-5
Range Menu ..................................................................................................................... 3-6
Single Range Mode.............................................................................................. 3-7
Dual Range Mode ................................................................................................ 3-8
Autorange Mode ................................................................................................ 3-10
Gas Units............................................................................................................ 3-12
NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, and NH3 Ranges ................................................................. 3-13
Custom Ranges Menu ........................................................................................ 3-15
Custom Range Screen ........................................................................................ 3-16
Averaging Time ............................................................................................................. 3-17
Calibration Factors Menu .............................................................................................. 3-18
NO, NOx, and Nt Background Corrections ........................................................ 3-19
NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficients................................................. 3-21
iii
Calibration Menu ........................................................................................................... 3-23
CalibrateNO, NOx, and Nt Backgrounds........................................................... 3-24
Calibrate NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 .............................................................. 3-25
Instrument Controls Menu ............................................................................................. 3-26
Ozonator Screen................................................................................................. 3-27
PMT Supply ....................................................................................................... 3-28
Auto/Manual Mode............................................................................................ 3-29
Temperature Correction ..................................................................................... 3-30
Pressure Correction ............................................................................................ 3-31
Baud Rate........................................................................................................... 3-32
Instrument ID ..................................................................................................... 3-33
Screen Brightness............................................................................................... 3-34
Service Mode ..................................................................................................... 3-35
Time .................................................................................................................. 3-36
Date .................................................................................................................... 3-37
Diagnostics Menu .......................................................................................................... 3-38
Program Number................................................................................................ 3-39
Voltages ............................................................................................................. 3-40
Temperatures...................................................................................................... 3-41
Pressure .............................................................................................................. 3-42
Flow ................................................................................................................... 3-43
Test Analog Outputs .......................................................................................... 3-44
Zero ........................................................................................................ 3-45
Fullscale ................................................................................................. 3-46
Ramp ...................................................................................................... 3-47
Option Switches ................................................................................................. 3-48
Alarms............................................................................................................................ 3-49
Internal Temperature.......................................................................................... 3-50
Min and Max Internal Temperature Limits............................................ 3-51
Chamber Temperature........................................................................................ 3-52
Min and Max Chamber Temperature Limits ......................................... 3-53
Capillary Temperature ....................................................................................... 3-54
Min and Max Capillary Temperature Limits ......................................... 3-55
Cooler Temperature ........................................................................................... 3-56
Min and Max Cooler Temperature Limits ............................................. 3-57
NO2 Converter Temperature .............................................................................. 3-58
Min and Max NO2 Temperature Limits ................................................ 3-59
NH3 Converter Temperature .............................................................................. 3-60
Min and Max NH3 Temperature Limits ................................................ 3-61
Pressure .............................................................................................................. 3-62
Min and Max Pressure Limits................................................................ 3-63
Sample Flow ...................................................................................................... 3-64
Min and Max Sample Flow Limits ........................................................ 3-65
iv
Ozonator Flow ............................................................................................................... 3-66
NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt Concentrations .................................................. 3-67
Min and Max NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt Concentration Limits..... 3-68
Service Mode Menu ....................................................................................................... 3-69
PMT Supply ....................................................................................................... 3-70
NO2 Converter Set Temperature ....................................................................... 3-71
NH3 Converter Set Temperature ....................................................................... 3-72
Pressure .............................................................................................................. 3-73
Sample Flow ...................................................................................................... 3-74
Zero Frequencies................................................................................................ 3-75
Z1 and Z2 Frequency Screens................................................................ 3-76
A/D Frequency................................................................................................... 3-77
Set Test Display ................................................................................................. 3-79
Internal Option Switches................................................................................................ 3-80
Remote ............................................................................................................... 3-81
RS-232/485 ........................................................................................................ 3-81
Dual Range and Autorange ................................................................................ 3-81
Lock ................................................................................................................... 3-82
Extended Ranges................................................................................................ 3-82
Spare .................................................................................................................. 3-82
CHAPTER 4 CALIBRATION ............................................................................4-1
Zero Gas Generator.......................................................................................................... 4-1

Pre-Calibration................................................................................................................. 4-1
Calibration........................................................................................................................ 4-2
CHAPTER 5 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...................................................5-1
Spare Parts ....................................................................................................................... 5-1

Replacement of Ozonator Air Feed Drying Column ....................................................... 5-2
Inspection and Replacement of Capillaries...................................................................... 5-2
Converter Module ................................................................................................ 5-2
Analyzer Module.................................................................................................. 5-2
Digital to Analog Converter Test..................................................................................... 5-3
Inspection and Cleaning Thermoelectric Cooler Fins...................................................... 5-3
CHAPTER 6 TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................6-1
Troubleshooting Guide .................................................................................................... 6-1
v
CHAPTER 7 SERVICING .................................................................................7-1
Safety Precautions............................................................................................................ 7-1

Replacement Parts List..................................................................................................... 7-2
Vacuum Pump Diaphragm and Valve Replacement........................................................ 7-5
Diaphragm Replacement...................................................................................... 7-5
Valve Replacement .............................................................................................. 7-7
Photomultiplier Cooler Replacement .............................................................................. 7-9
Replacement of Photomultiplier Tube .......................................................................... 7-10
Reaction Chamber Cleaning and/or Removal................................................................ 7-10
NO2-to-NO Converter Removal.................................................................................... 7-12
Nt Converter (Converter Module).................................................................................. 7-14
Solenoid Valve Replacement ......................................................................................... 7-14
Ozonator Assembly Replacement .................................................................................. 7-15
Replacement of Ozonator Transformer.......................................................................... 7-15
Removal of Input Board................................................................................................. 7-15
PMT High Voltage Supply Replacement....................................................................... 7-16
DC Power Supply Replacement..................................................................................... 7-16
Ammonia Scrubber Replacement .................................................................................. 7-17
Analog Output Adjustment ............................................................................................ 7-17
Pressure Transducer Adjustment ................................................................................... 7-19
Temperature Sensor Adjustment.................................................................................... 7-20
PMT High Voltage Power Supply Adjustment.............................................................. 7-21
Fuse Replacement .......................................................................................................... 7-21
Service Locations........................................................................................................... 7-22
CHAPTER 8 THEORY OF OPERATION..........................................................8-1
Electronics........................................................................................................................ 8-1
DC Power Supply................................................................................................. 8-1
Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply.................................................................... 8-1
Ozonator Power Supply ....................................................................................... 8-2
Temperature Control Board ................................................................................. 8-2
Input Board .......................................................................................................... 8-2
The Microprocessor System................................................................................. 8-3
Display Module........................................................................................ 8-3
Processor Board ....................................................................................... 8-3
Digital/Analog Board............................................................................... 8-3
Analog to Digital Board........................................................................... 8-4
C-Link Board ........................................................................................... 8-4
Software ........................................................................................................................... 8-4
Instrument Control ............................................................................................... 8-4
Monitoring Signals............................................................................................... 8-4
Instrument Calculations ....................................................................................... 8-5
Output Communication........................................................................................ 8-6
vi
Subassemblies .................................................................................................................. 8-6
Photomultiplier Cooler ........................................................................................ 8-6
Reaction Chamber................................................................................................ 8-6
NO2-to-NO Converter ......................................................................................... 8-6
CHAPTER 9 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT ............................................................9-1
Rack Mounts with Slides ................................................................................................. 9-1

Internal Zero/Span and Sample Valves............................................................................ 9-4
Remote Activation of Zero/Span and Sample Valves ..................................................... 9-5
Input Pins ......................................................................................................................... 9-6
Instrument Status Outputs................................................................................................ 9-7
4-20 mA Isolated Current Output .................................................................................... 9-8
Ozone Particulate Filter ................................................................................................... 9-8
Permeation Dryer ............................................................................................................. 9-9
Instrument Handle............................................................................................................ 9-9
APPENDIX A WARRANTY.............................................................................. A-1
APPENDIX B RS-232/485 COMMANDS......................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C SCHEMATICS .......................................................................... C-1
Motherboard.....................................................................................................................C-2
Pushbutton Board 1..........................................................................................................C-3
Pushbutton Board 2..........................................................................................................C-3
Processor Board ...............................................................................................................C-4
Analog/Digital Board.......................................................................................................C-5
Digital/Analog Board.......................................................................................................C-6
Power Supply Board ........................................................................................................C-7
Ozonator Board ................................................................................................................C-8
Input Board ......................................................................................................................C-9
Temperature Control Board ...........................................................................................C-10
C-Link Board .................................................................................................................C-11
4-20 mA Output Board ..................................................................................................C-12
Input/Output Board ........................................................................................................C-13
Rear Connector Interface Board.....................................................................................C-14
vii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE PAGE
1-1 Model 17C Flow Schematic................................................................................. 1-2
2-1 Model 17C & Converter Module Rear Panels ..................................................... 2-3
2-2 Atmospheric Dump Bypass Plumbing................................................................. 2-3
2-3 Twin-Head Vacuum Pump Installation................................................................ 2-4
2-4 Shielded Cable with Shielding Pulled Back ........................................................ 2-5
2-5 Exploded View of Analog Output Cover Installation.......................................... 2-6
2-6 Properly Installed Shield Cable............................................................................ 2-6
3-1 Front Panel Pushbuttons ...................................................................................... 3-1

3-2 Flowchart of Menu-Driven Software................................................................... 3-3
3-3 Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Single Range Mode............................. 3-7
3-4 Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Dual Range Mode ............................... 3-8
3-5 Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Autorange Mode ............................... 3-10
3-6 Analog Output in Autorange Mode ................................................................... 3-11
3-7 Location of Internal Option Switches ................................................................ 3-80
7-1 Properly Grounded Anti-Static Wrist Strap ......................................................... 7-1

7-2 Model 17C Component Layout............................................................................ 7-3
7-3 Converter Module Component Layout ................................................................ 7-4
7-4 Vacuum Pump...................................................................................................... 7-8
7-5 PMT Cooler and Reaction Chamber.................................................................... 7-9
7-6 PMT Cooler and Reaction Chamber (exploded view)....................................... 7-11
7-7 NO2-to-NO Converter Assembly ...................................................................... 7-13
7-8 Molybdenum Converter ..................................................................................... 7-13
9-1 Rack Mount Option Assembly............................................................................. 9-1

9-2 Model 17C Dimensional Outline ......................................................................... 9-2
9-3 Converter Module Dimensional Outline.............................................................. 9-3
9-4 Zero/Span and Sample Valve Option................................................................... 9-4
9-5 Rear Panel I/O Connector .................................................................................... 9-5
9-6 Remote I/O Zero Gas Mode Activation ............................................................... 9-6
9-7 Remote I/O Span Gas Mode Activation .............................................................. 9-6
9-8 Instrument Status Output Relays.......................................................................... 9-7
9-9 Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip with Optional Current Output ................. 9-8
9-10 Instrument Handle Assembly............................................................................... 9-9
B-1 Flag Status-17C..................................................................................................B-20
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2-1 Recommended Shielded Cables........................................................................... 2-4
3-1 Standard Ranges................................................................................................. 3-14

3-2 Extended Ranges (Option Switch 7 ON) ........................................................... 3-14
3-3 A/D Converters .................................................................................................. 3-78
3-4 Option Switch Functions.................................................................................... 3-81
3-5 Operating Mode Truth Table ............................................................................. 3-82
5-1 Recommended Spare Parts .................................................................................. 5-1
7-1 Replacement Parts................................................................................................ 7-2
9-1 Instrument Status Output Truth Table ................................................................. 9-7
xi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Model 17C Chemiluminescence NH3 analyzer combines proven detection
technology, easy to use menu-driven software, and advanced diagnostics to offer
unsurpassed flexibility and reliability. The Model 17C has the following features:
• Multi-line alphanumeric display

• Menu-driven software
• Field programmable ranges
• Dual/Autorange modes
• Multiple analog outputs
• Fast response time
• Linearity through all ranges
• Independent NO-NO2-NOx-NH3 analog ranges
• Replaceable NO2 and NH3 converter cartridges
Thermo Environmental Instruments is pleased to supply this chemiluminescence NH3

analyzer. We are committed to the manufacture of instruments exhibiting high standards
of performance and workmanship. Service personnel are available for assistance with
any questions or problems that may arise in the use of this analyzer.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The Model 17C Chemiluminescence Analyzer uses the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with
ozone (O3) as its basic principle. Specifically:
NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 + hν
The sample is drawn into the Model 17C by an external pump. After it reaches the
reaction chamber, it mixes with ozone, which is generated by the internal ozonator. The
chemical reaction above then takes place. This reaction produces a characteristic
luminescence with intensity proportional to the concentration of NO. Specifically, light
emission results when electronically excited NO2 molecules decay to lower energy states.
The light emission is detected by a photomultiplier tube, which in turn generates a
proportional electronic signal. The electronic signal is processed by the microcomputer
into a NO concentration reading (see Figure 1-1).
1-1
Chapter 1 Introduction
74P803
Figure 1-1. Model 17C Flow Schematic
To measure the NOx (NO + NO2) concentration, NO2 is transformed to NO prior to reaching the
reaction chamber. This transformation takes place in a molybdenum converter heated to
o
approximately 325 C. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the converted molecules along
with the original NO molecules react with ozone. The resulting signal represents the NOx
reading.
To measure the Nt (NO + NO2 + NH3) concentration, both the NO2 and NH3 are transformed to
NO prior to reaching the reaction chamber. This transformation takes place in a stainless steel
o
converter heated to approximately 750 C. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the converted
molecules along with the original NO molecules react with ozone. The resulting signal
represents the Nt reading.
The NO2 concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the NO mode from
the signal obtained in the NOx mode.
NOx – NO = NO2
The NH3 concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the NOx mode from
the signal obtained in the Nt mode.
Nt – NOx = NH3
The Model 17C outputs NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations to the front panel display and NO,
NO2, NH3, and NOx concentrations to the analog outputs.
1-2
Chapter 1 Introduction
SPECIFICATIONS
Preset Ranges 0-10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000 ppb
3
0-100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 30000 µg/m
Extended Ranges 0-200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 100000 ppb
0-500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 100000,
3
150000 µg/m
Zero Noise 0.5 ppb RMS (120 second averaging time)
Lower Detectable Limit 1 ppb
Zero Drift (24-hour) 1 ppb
Span Drift (24-hour) 1% full scale
Response Time (0 – 90%) 120 Seconds (10 second averaging time)
Linearity 1% full scale
Sample Flow Rate 600 cc/min.
Operating Temperature 15°- 35°C (may be safely operated over the range of 5°- 40°C)
Power Requirements 90 -110 VAC @ 50/60 Hz

105-125 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
210-250 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
600 Watts
Physical Dimensions 16.75 (W) X 8.62 (H) X 23 (D) Analyzer
Weight 60 lbs. (Analyzer Module - including external pump)
Outputs NO, NO2, NH3, and NOx,

selectable voltage,
4-20 mA, RS-232, RS-485
Any alteration, modification, or republication of this instruction manual or any alteration or

modification to the Thermo Environmental Instrument product without the express written
consent of Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. is expressly prohibited, nullifies our
warranty obligations, and bars our liability for any damages deriving there from.
1-3
CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
The installation of the Model 17C includes lifting the instrument, unpacking the
instrument, connecting sample and exhaust lines to the instrument, and attaching the
analog outputs to a recording device. To install optional equipment, refer to Chapter 9,
“Optional Equipment.”
LIFTING
A procedure appropriate to lifting a heavy object should be used when lifting the
analyzer. This procedure consists of bending at the knees while keeping your back
straight and upright. The analyzer should be grasped at the bottom, in the front and at the
rear of the unit. Do not attempt to lift the analyzer by the cover or other external fittings.
While one person may lift the unit, it is desirable to have two persons lifting, one by
grasping the bottom in the front and the other by grasping the bottom in the rear.
UNPACKING
The Model 17C is shipped complete in three containers. If, upon receipt of the analyzer,
there is obvious damage to the shipping containers, notify the carrier immediately and
hold for inspection. The carrier, and not Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc., is
responsible for any damage incurred during shipment. Follow the procedure below to
unpack and inspect the instrument.
1. Remove the two modules from the shipping containers and set them on a table or
bench that allows easy access to both the front and rear of the analyzer and converter
modules.
2. Remove the instrument covers to expose the internal components.
3. Remove any packing material.
4. Check for possible damage during shipment.
5. Check that all connectors and printed circuit boards are firmly attached.
6. Remove the external pump from its shipping container and place next to the
instrument.
7. Re-install the instrument cover.
2-1
Chapter 2 Installation
SETUP PROCEDURE
1. Connect the sample line to the SAMPLE bulkhead on the rear panel of the converter
module (see Figure 2-1). Ensure that the sample line is not contaminated by dirty,
wet or incompatible materials. All tubing should be constructed of FEP Teflon®,
316 stainless steel, borosilicate glass, or similar tubing with an OD of 1/4″ and a
minimum ID of 1/8″. The length of the tubing should be less than 10 feet.
NOTE: Gas must be delivered to the instrument at atmospheric pressure. It may

be necessary to employ an atmospheric bypass plumbing arrangement, as shown in
Figure 2-2.
2. Connect the air dryer to the DRY AIR bulkhead of the analyzer module.
3. Connect the inlet (stainless steel fitting) of the twin headed vacuum pump to the
CHAMBER bulkhead of the analyzer module (see Figure 2-3). It is critical that the
vacuum port and not the exhaust port of the vacuum pump be connected to the
bulkhead labeled CHAMBER. The exhaust tubing should be 1/4″ OD with a
minimum ID of 1/8″. The length of the exhaust line should be less than 10 feet. The
exhaust stream will contain significant concentrations of ozone and oxides of
nitrogen. Connect the exhaust port of the pump to a suitable vent.
4. Connect the NO OUT, NOx OUT, and Nt OUT bulkheads on the converter module rear
panel to the NO IN, NOx IN, and Nt IN bulkheads on the analyzer module rear panel
using 1/4″ OD Teflon® tubing.
5. Connect a suitable recording device to the rear panel terminals. See Chapter 3,
“Operation” for more information about the pin-out of the rear panel terminal.
6. Connect the communication cable from analyzer to converter module.
7. Plug the instrument into an outlet of the appropriate voltage and frequency.
CAUTION: The Model 17C is supplied with a three-wire grounding cord. Under no
circumstances should this grounding system be defeated.
2-2
Figure 2-1. Model 17C and Converter Module Rear Panels 74P741
Figure 2-2. Atmospheric Dump Bypass Plumbing 57P753
2-3
Figure 2-3. Twin-Head Vacuum Pump Installation 64P7113
Analog Output Cover Installation
The analog output cover must be mounted over the analog outputs to comply with
89/336/EEC Directive. This procedure describes how to install the user-supplied analog
output cable in the instrument’s analog output cover. The following shielded cables or
their equivalent are recommended:
Table 2-1-Recommended Shielded Cables

Cable Gauge No. of Conductors
Alpha #1741C 20 2
Alpha #1746C 18 2
Alpha #5320/2C* 20 2
Alpha #51 52C* 20 2
Alpha #5162C* 18 2
Alpha #1743C 20 4
Alpha 1747/4C 18 4
Alpha #5320/4C 20 4
Alpha #5154C 20 4
Alpha #5164C 18 4
Belden #8208 18 2
* Maximum shielding. Under harsh environments, maximum shielding may be required.
2-4
The following tools are required:
Small screwdriver
Wire stripper
Electrical tape or heat shrink tubing
The user-supplied shielded analog output cable must be properly grounded by coming
into full contact with the cable clamp (mounted to the analog output cover). To ensure
full contact, the shielding must be exposed and folded back over the cable as shown in
Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-4. Shielded Cable with Shielding Pulled Back
Follow the procedure below to prepare the shielded cable:
1. Remove about 1.8 cm of insulation from the cable.

2. Fold back the shielding.
3. Use electrical tape or shrink tubing to hold the shielding in place. Be sure at least 1.5
cm of shielding is exposed.
4. Strip each signal wire.
Follow the procedure below to connect the shielded cable to the 8-position header:
2-5
1. Pass the shielded cable through the cable clamp on the analog output cover, as
shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-5. Exploded View of Analog Output Cover Installation
2. Insert the bare signal wire into the slot of the header.
3. Tighten down the corresponding set screw.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each signal wire.
5. Plug the header(s) into the analog output connectors.
6. Install the analog output cover using the four #6 screws with star lockwashers.
7. Position the cable shielding so that it. comes in contact with the cable clamp.
8. Tighten down the cable clamp onto the shielding, as shown in Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-6. Properly Installed Shield Cable
2-6
1. Install cable clamp into shield cover and secure. Be sure there is good electrical
conductivity between clamp and shield cover.
The following is a parts list of components in the analog output cover assembly:
Part No. Description Qty.
7592 Analog output cover 1

11519 8-Position header 2
5889 #6 Star lock washers 4
5820 6-32X3/8” screw 4
14549 Cable clamp 1
STARTUP
1. Plug the sample pump into an appropriate ac outlet.
2. Turn the analyzer module and the converter module on.
3. Allow 90 minutes for the instrument to stabilize.
NOTE: It is best to turn the ozonator on and let the Model 17C run overnight before
calibration in order to obtain the most accurate information.
4. Set instrument parameters such as operating ranges and averaging times to

appropriate settings. For more information about instrument parameters, see Chapter
3, “Operation.”
5. Before beginning actual monitoring, perform a multipoint calibration as described in
Chapter 4, “Calibration.”
2-7
CHAPTER 3
OPERATION
This chapter describes the front panel display, front panel pushbuttons, and menu-driven
software.
DISPLAY
The 4 line by 20 character alphanumeric display shows the sample concentrations,

instrument parameters, instrument controls, and help messages. Some menus contain
more items than can be displayed at one time. For these menus, use the ↑ and ↓
pushbuttons to move the cursor up and down to each item.
PUSHBUTTONS
Run Pushbutton
The RUN pushbutton, shown below, is used to display the Run screen. The Run screen
normally displays the NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations.
74P742
Figure 3-1. Front Panel Pushbuttons
3-1
Chapter 3 Operation
Menu Pushbutton
The MENU pushbutton is used to display the Main Menu. If the Run screen is not being
displayed when this pushbutton is pressed, this pushbutton displays the most recent
menu. For more information about the Main Menu, see “Main Menu” later in this
chapter.
Enter Pushbutton
The ENTER pushbutton is used to choose a menu item, complete an entry, and/or toggle
on/off functions.
Help Pushbutton
The HELP pushbutton is context-sensitive, that is, it provides additional information

about the screen that is being displayed. Press the HELP pushbutton for a concise
explanation about the current screen or menu. Help messages are displayed using lower-
case letters to easily distinguish them from the operating screens. To exit a help screen,
press MENU to return to the previous screen or RUN to return to the Run screen.
↑ ↓ ← → Pushbuttons
The four arrow pushbuttons (↑, ↓, ←, and →) move the cursor up, down, left, and right.
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
The Model 17C is based on menu-driven software as illustrated by the flowchart in

Figure 3-2. The Power-Up and Self-Test screens, shown at the top of the flowchart, are
displayed each time the instrument is turned on. These screens are displayed while the
instrument is warming up and performing self-checks (press either the RUN or MENU
pushbutton to bypass these screens). After the warm-up period, the Run screen is
automatically displayed. The Run screen is the normal operating screen. It usually
displays the NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations. From the Run screen, the Main Menu
can be displayed by pressing the MENU pushbutton. The Main Menu contains a list of
submenus. Each submenu contains related instrument parameters and/or functions. This
chapter describes each submenu and screen in detail. Refer to the appropriate sections
for more information.
3-2
3-3
Chapter 3 Operation
Figure 3-2. Flowchart of Menu-Driven Software
Chapter 3 Operation
Power-Up Screen
The Power-Up screen shown below is displayed on power up of the Model 17C.
Power-Up Screen
Self-Test Screen
The Self-Test Screen shown below is displayed while the internal components are
warming up and diagnostic checks are performed. Press either the RUN or MENU
pushbutton to bypass this screen.
Self-Test Screen
3-4
Chapter 3 Operation
Run Screen
The standard Run screen shown below, displays the NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations.
It also displays the status of the remote interface.
NO PPB 2.6
NO2 PPB 1.1
NH3 PPB 2.2
10:25 REMOTE
Run Screen
Main Menu
The Main Menu contains a number of submenus as shown below. Instrument parameters
and features are divided into these submenus according to their function. Use the ↑ and
↓ pushbuttons to move the cursor to each submenu. When the Main Menu is entered
directly from the Run screen, the ← pushbutton may be used to jump to the most recently
displayed submenu screen. Use the ENTER pushbutton to select a submenu.
MAIN MENU: 10:25

>RANGE
AVERAGING TIME
CALIBRATION FACTORS
CALIBRATION
INSTRUMENT CONTROLS
DIAGNOSTICS
ALARM
SERVICE
Main Menu
3-5
Chapter 3 Operation
RANGE MENU
The Range menu contains the gas units, NO-NO2-NOx-NH3 ranges, and the custom
ranges. In the upper right corner of the display, the word single, dual, or auto is
displayed to indicate the active mode. The Range menus in the dual and autorange
modes appear the same except for the word dual or auto displayed in the upper right
corner. For more information about the single, dual or autorange modes, see below.
To display the Range Menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Range
To use the Range Menu:
► Press the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to move the cursor to each choice

► Press ENTER to select a choice
► Press MENU to return to the Main Menu
► Press RUN to return to the Run screen
RANGE: SINGLE RANGE: AUTO

>GAS UNITS PPB >GAS UNITS PPB
NO RANGE 500 NO HI RANGE 500
NO2 RANGE 500 NO LO RANGE 50.0
NOx RANGE 500 NO2 HI RANGE 500

NH3 RANGE 500 NO2 LO RANGE 50.0
Nt RANGE 500 NOx HI RANGE 500
SET CUSTOM RANGES NOx LO RANGE 50.0
NH3 HI RANGE 500
NH3 LO RANGE 50.0
Nt HI RANGE 500
Nt LO RANGE 50.0
SET CUSTOM RANGES
Range Menu
3-6
Chapter 3 Operation
Single Range Mode
In single range mode while in NO/NOx/Nt mode, the NO, NOx, NO2, and NH3, channels
each have one range, one averaging time, one span coefficient, and one analog output.
The four analog outputs are arranged on the rear panel terminal strip as shown in Figure
3-3. For more information about the analog outputs when in the Manual modes, see
"Auto/Manual Mode" later in this chapter.
To use the single range mode, option switches 4 and 5 must be off. For more information
about setting the option switches, see “Internal Option Switches,” later in this chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(8) NH3 Analog Output

(7) Ground
(6) NO2 Analog Output
(5) Ground
(4) NOx Analog Output
(3) Ground
(2) NO Analog Output
(1) Ground
74P902-1
Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4

Pin # 1 (-) 2 (+) 3 (-) 4 (+) 5 (-) 6 (+) 7 (-) 8 (+)
Meas. Mode
NO/NOx/Nt gnd NO gnd NOx gnd NO2 gnd NH3
Manual NO gnd NO - - - - - -
Manual NOx - - gnd NOx - - - -
Manual Nt - - - - gnd Nt - -
Figure 3-3. Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Single Range Mode
Note: Outputs marked with “-” are not used during this mode of operation.
3-7
Chapter 3 Operation
Dual Range Mode
In the dual range mode while in NO/NOx/Nt mode, there are two independent NOx
analog outputs and two independent NH3 analog outputs. Neither the NO nor the NO2
channels have analog outputs. However, their readings are shown on the display. In the
dual range mode, the analog outputs are arranged on the rear panel terminal strip as
shown in Figure 3-4. For more information about the analog outputs while in the Manual
modes, see “Auto/Manual Mode” later in this chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(8) High NH3 Analog Output

(7) Ground
(6) Low NH3 Analog Output
(5) Ground
(4) High NOx Analog Output
(3) Ground
(2) Low NOx Analog Output
(1) Ground
74P902-1

Pin # 1 (-) 2 (+) 3 (-) 4 (+) 5 (-) 6 (+) 7 (-) 8 (+)
Meas. Mode
NO/NOx/Nt gnd NOx (lo) gnd NOx (hi) gnd NH3 (lo) gnd NH3 (hi)
Manual NO gnd NO (lo) gnd NO (hi) - - - -
Manual NOx gnd NOx (lo) gnd NOx (hi) - - - -
Manual Nt - - - - gnd Nt (lo) gnd Nt (hi)
Figure 3-4. Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Dual Range Mode
3-8
Chapter 3 Operation
The NOx channel has two ranges, high NOx and low NOx, that correspond to the high
NOx and low NOx analog outputs, respectively. The NH3 channel also has two ranges,
high NH3 and low NH3, that correspond to the high NH3 and low NH3 analog outputs,
respectively. This enables the sample concentration readings to be sent to the analog
outputs using two different ranges. For example, the low NOx analog output can be set to
output concentrations from 0 to 50 ppb and the high NOx analog output set to output
concentrations from 0 to 500 ppb. The low NOx and high NOx range can be set to the
same range in order to provide two identical outputs.
To use the dual range mode, option switch 4 must be on. For more information about
setting the option switches, see “Internal Option Switches,” later in this chapter.
3-9
Chapter 3 Operation
Autorange Mode
While in the NO/NOx/Nt mode, the autorange mode switches the NOx and NH3 analog
outputs between their respective high and low ranges, depending on the concentration
level. The high and low ranges are defined in the Range menu. The NOx and NH3 analog
outputs each have a corresponding status output, as shown in Figure 3-5. The status
outputs are used to indicate which range, high or low, is being used. For more
information about the analog outputs while in the Manual modes, see “Auto/Manual
Mode” later in this chapter.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(8) Status Analog Output

(7) Ground
(6) NH3 Conc. Analog Output
(5) Ground
(4) Status Analog Output
(3) Ground
(2) NOx Conc. Analog Output
(1) Ground
74P902-1

Pin # 1 (-) 2 (+) 3 (-) 4 (+) 5 (-) 6 (+) 7 (-) 8 (+)
Meas. Mode
NO/NOx/Nt gnd NOx gnd status gnd NH3 gnd status
Manual NO gnd NO gnd status - - - -
Manual NOx gnd NOx gnd status - - - -
Manual Nt - - - - gnd Nt gnd status
Figure 3-5. Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip in Autorange Mode
3-10
Chapter 3 Operation
For example, suppose the low NH3 range is set to 500 ppb and the high NH3 range is set
to 1000 ppb (see Figure 3-6). Sample concentrations below 500 ppb are presented to the
NH3 analog output using the low NH3 range, as shown below. Sample concentrations
above 500 ppb are presented to the NH3 analog output using the high NH3 range. The
NH3 status output indicates which range the NH3 analog output is using. When the low
NH3 range is active, the NH3 status output is at 0 volts. When the high NH3 range is
active, the NH3 status output is at 50% of fullscale.
When the high NH3 range is active, the NH3 concentration must drop to 85% of the low
NH3 range for the low NH3 range to become active.
To use the autorange mode, option switches 4 and 5 must be on. For more information
about setting the internal option switches, see “Internal Option Switches,” later in this
chapter.
74P902-4
Figure 3-6. Analog Output in Autorange Mode
3-11
Chapter 3 Operation
Gas Units
The Gas Units screen shown below, defines how the NO, NO2, and NH3 concentration
readings are expressed. Gas units of parts per billion (ppb), parts per million (ppm),
micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3), or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) are
available. The µg/m3 and mg/m3 gas concentration modes are calculated using a standard
pressure of 760 mm Hg and a standard temperature of 20ΕC.
When switching from ppb or ppm to µg/m3 or mg/m3, the NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and
custom ranges default to the highest range in that mode. For example, when switching
from µg/m3 to ppb, all the ranges default to 20000 ppb.
The current gas units are shown on the first line of the display. The gas units are selected
on the second line of the display.
To display the Gas Units screen:

► From the Range Menu choose Gas Units
To use the Gas Units screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to select the gas units

► Press ENTER to accept the choice
► Press MENU to return to the Range menu
► Press RUN to return to the Run screen.
Gas Units Screen
3-12
Chapter 3 Operation
NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, and NH3 Ranges
The NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, and NH3 ranges define the concentration range of the analog
outputs. For example, an NO2 range of 0-50 ppb restricts the NO2 analog output to
concentrations between 0 and 50 ppb.
The second line of the display shows the current NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, or NH3 range. The
third line of the display is used to change the range. The range screen is similar for the
single, dual, and autorange modes as shown below. The only difference between the
screens is the words Hi or Lo displayed on the first line to indicate which range is
displayed. For more information about the dual and autorange modes, see “Single Range
Mode,” “Dual Range Mode,” and “Autorange Mode” earlier in this chapter.
Table 3-1 lists the available standard ranges. Table 3-2 lists the extended ranges. To use
extended ranges, option switch 7 must be on. When switching from standard to extended
ranges, the PMT voltage must be readjusted. For more information about readjusting the
PMT voltage, see Chapter 7, “Servicing”.
To display the NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, or NH3 range screen:

► From the Range menu choose NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, or NH3 range
To use the NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, or NH3 range:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll through the ranges

► Press ENTER to accept a range
RANGE: LOW RANGE:

NO PPB 50.0 LO NO PPB 50.0
SET TO 100.0 SET TO 100.0
78 SELECT 78 SELECT
Range Screens in Single and Dual/Autorange Modes
3-13
Chapter 3 Operation
Table 3-1. Standard Ranges

ppb ppm µg/m3 mg/m3
50 0.05 100 0.1

100 0.1 200 0.2
200 0.2 500 0.5
500 0.5 1000 1
1000 1 2000 2
2000 2 5000 5
5000 5 10000 10
10000 10 20000 20
20000 20 30000 30
C1 C1 C1 C1
C2 C2 C2 C2
C3 C3 C3 C3
Table 3-2. Extended Ranges (Option Switch 7 ON)

ppb ppm µg/m3 mg/m3
200 0.2 500 0.5

500 0.5 1000 1
1000 1 2000 2
2000 2 5000 5
5000 5 10000 10
10000 10 20000 20
20000 20 50000 50
50000 50 100000 100
100000 100 150000 150
C1 C1 C1 C1
C2 C2 C2 C2
C3 C3 C3 C3
C1, C2, and C3 are custom ranges. For more information about custom ranges, see
“Custom Ranges Menu” below.
3-14
Chapter 3 Operation
Custom Ranges Menu
The Custom Ranges Menu shown below lists three custom ranges (C1, C2, and C3).
Custom ranges are user-defined ranges. In the ppb mode, any value between 50 and
20000 ppb can be specified as a range and in the ppm mode, any value between 0.05 and
20 ppm can be specified. In the µg/m3 mode, any value between 100 and 30000 µg/m3
can be specified as a range and in the mg/m3 mode any value between 0.1 and 30 mg/m3
can be specified.
These values would change in the extended range. In the ppb mode, any value between
200 and 100000 ppb can be specified as a range and in the ppm mode, any value between
0.2 and 100 ppm can be specified. In the µg/m3 mode, any value between 500 and
150000 µg/m3 can be specified as a range and in the mg/m3 mode any value between 0.5
and 150 mg/m3 can be specified. See “Custom Range Screen” below for more
information about defining the custom ranges.
To display the Custom Range screen:

► From the Range menu choose Set Custom Ranges
To use the Custom Range menu:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to move the cursor up and down

► Press ENTER to select the custom range to define
Set Custom Ranges Menu
3-15
Chapter 3 Operation
Custom Range Screen. The Custom Range screen shown below, is used to define
the custom ranges.
The first line of the display shows the current custom range. The second line of the
display is used to set the range. To use the custom fullscale range, be sure to select it
(C1, C2, or C3) in the NO, NO2, NOx, or NH3 Range screen. See “NO, NO2, NOx and
NH3 Ranges” above for more information about selecting ranges.
To display the Custom Range screen:

► From the Range menu choose Set Custom Ranges
► From the Set Custom Range menu choose C1, C2, or C3
To use the Custom Range screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment and decrement each digit

► Use the ← and → pushbuttons to move the cursor left and right
► Press ENTER to accept the custom range
► Press MENU to return to the Set Custom Ranges menu
Set Custom Range Screen
3-16
Chapter 3 Operation
AVERAGING TIME
The averaging time defines a time period (10 to 300 seconds) during which NO, NO2, and
NH3 measurements are taken. The average concentration of the NO, NO2, and NH3
readings are calculated for that time period. The front panel display and analog outputs
are updated every 10 seconds with the calculated averages. An averaging time of 10
seconds, for example, means that the average concentration of the last 10 seconds is
output at each update. An averaging time of 300 seconds means that the moving average
concentration of the last 300 seconds is output at each 10 second update. Therefore, the
lower the averaging time, the faster the front panel display and analog outputs respond to
concentration changes. Longer averaging times are typically used to smooth output data.
The Averaging Time screen for the single and autorange mode is shown below. In the
dual range mode, an Averaging Time Menu is displayed before the Averaging Time
screen. This menu is needed because the dual range mode has two averaging times (high
and low). The Averaging Time screen functions the same way in the single, dual and
autorange modes. The following averaging times are available: 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120,
180, 240, and 300 seconds. Additional averaging times are available in the manual mode.
For more information about the manual mode, see “Auto/Manual Mode” later in this
chapter.
To display the Averaging Time menu/screen:
► From the Main Menu choose Averaging Time
To use the Averaging Time screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to select the averaging time

► Press ENTER to accept the averaging time
AVARAGING TIME:
>HI AVG TIME 10 SEC
LO AVG TIME 10 SEC
AVG TIME 10 SEC

SET TO 10 SEC
HI AVG TIME 10 SEC
78 SELECT SET TO 60 SEC
78 SELECT
Single Range Dual Range
Averaging Time Screens
3-17
Chapter 3 Operation
CALIBRATION FACTORS MENU
Calibration factors are determined during automatic and manual calibration and are used
to correct the NO, NO2, NOx, Nt, and NH3 concentration readings. The Calibration
Factors menu displays the calibration factors as shown below. Normally the instrument
is calibrated automatically, that is, using the Calibration menu described in “Calibration
Menu,” later in this chapter. However, the instrument can also be calibrated manually
using this menu. To manually calibrate the instrument, see “NO, NOx, and Nt
Backgrounds” and “NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficients” below for more
information.
To display the Calibration Factors menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Calibration Factors:
To use the Calibration Factors menu:
► Use the ↑and ↓ pushbuttons to move the cursor up and down

► Press ENTER to go to the Calibration Factor screen
► Press RUN to return the Run screen
CALIBRATION FACTORS:
>NO BKG PPB 4.1
NOx BKG PPB 5.3
Nt BKG PPB 5.3
NO COEF 1.002
NOx COEF 1.024
Nt COEF 1.029
NO2 COEF 1 0.989
NO2 COEF 2 0.997
NH3 COEF 1.001
Calibration Factors Menu
3-18
Chapter 3 Operation
NO, NOx, and Nt Background Corrections
The NO, NOx, and Nt background corrections are determined during zero calibration.
The NO background is the amount of signal read by the analyzer in the NO channel while
sampling zero air. The NOx background is the amount of signal read by the analyzer in
the NOx channel while sampling zero air. The Nt background is the amount of signal read
by the analyzer in the Nt channel while sampling zero air. The background signal is a
combination of electrical offsets, PMT dark current, and trace substances undergoing
chemiluminescence. Before the analyzer sets the NO, NOx, and Nt readings to zero, it
stores these values as the NO, NOx, and Nt background corrections, respectively. The
NO2 and NH3 background corrections are determined from the NO, NOx, and Nt
background corrections and are not displayed. The background corrections are typically
below 1.5 ppb.
The NO, NOx, and Nt Background screens are used to perform a manual zero calibration
of the instrument. Before performing a zero calibration, allow the analyzer to sample
zero air until stable readings are obtained. The NO, NOx, and Nt Background screens
operate the same way. Therefore, the following description of the NO background screen
applies to the NOx and Nt Background screens as well. The first line of the display shows
the current NO reading. The second line of the display shows the NO background
correction that is stored in memory. The NO background correction is a concentration
value, expressed in the current gas units, that is subtracted from the NO reading to
produce the NO reading that is displayed.
In the example below, the analyzer is displaying 5.2 ppb of NO while sampling zero air.
This reading represents a combination of electrical offsets, PMT dark current, and trace
substances undergoing chemiluminescence. A background correction of 0.0 ppb means
that 0 ppb is being subtracted from the NO concentration being displayed. Therefore, the
background correction must be increased to 5.2 ppb in order for the NO reading to be at 0
ppb, i.e., a NO reading of 5.2 ppb minus a NO background reading of 5.2 ppb gives the
corrected NO reading of 0 ppb.
To set the NO reading in the example below to zero, use the ↑ pushbutton to increment
the NO background correction to 5.2 ppb. As the NO background correction is increased,
the NO concentration is decreased. Pressing the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons however, has no
affect on the analog outputs or the stored NO background correction of 0.0 ppb. A
question mark following both the NO reading and the NO background correction
indicates that these are proposed changes as opposed to implemented changes. To escape
this screen without making any changes, press the MENU pushbutton to return to the
Calibration Factors menu or the RUN pushbutton to return to the Run screen. Press the
ENTER pushbutton to actually set the NO reading to 0 ppb and store the background
correction of 5.2 ppb. Then the question mark prompt beside the NO reading disappears.
3-19
Chapter 3 Operation
To display the NO, NOx, or Nt Background screen:
► From the Main Menu choose Calibration Factors

► From the Calibration Factors menu choose NO, NOx, or Nt Background
To use the NO, NOx, or Nt Background screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the proposed background

► Press ENTER to accept a change in the background
► Press MENU to return to the Calibration Factors menu
NO PPB 5.2
BACKGROUND 0.0?
78 INC/DEC
NO Background Screen
3-20
Chapter 3 Operation
NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficients
The NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 span coefficients are calculated during calibration. The
span coefficients are used to correct the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 readings. The NO,
NOx, and Nt span coefficients normally have values near 1.000. The NO2 span
coefficients normally have values between 0.960 and 1.050.
It should be noted that the NO2 span coefficient has two coefficient values. “NO2 COEF
1” is the NO2 span coefficient factor for the low temperature converter, while "NO2
COEF 2” is the NO2 span factor coefficient for the high temperature converter. The
normal values are near 1.00.
The NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficient screens enable the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt,
and NH3 span coefficients to be manually changed while sampling span gas of known
concentration. The NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficient screens operate the
same way. Therefore, the following description of the NO span coefficient screen applies
to the NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 span coefficient screens as well.
The first line of the display shows the current NO concentration reading. The second line
of the display shows the NO span coefficient that is stored in memory and is being used
to correct the NO concentration. Notice that as the span coefficient value is changed, the
current NO concentration reading on the first line also changes. However, no real
changes are made until the ENTER pushbutton is pressed. Only proposed changes, as
indicated by a question mark prompt, are displayed until the ENTER pushbutton is
pressed.
3-21
Chapter 3 Operation
To display the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3 Span Coefficient screen:
► From the Main Menu choose Calibration Factors

► From the Calibration Factors menu choose NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3 Coef
To use the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 Span Coefficient screens:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the proposed readings

► Press ENTER to accept a change
► Press MENU to return to the Calibration Factors menu
NO PPM
COEF 1.001
78 INC/DEC
NO Span Coefficient Screen
3-22
Chapter 3 Operation
CALIBRATION MENU
The Calibration menu is used to calibrate the background of NO, NOx, and Nt, and the
NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 channels. The calibration menu is similar for the single,
dual, and autorange mode as shown below. For more information about calibration, see
To display the Calibration menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Calibration
To use the Calibration menu:

► Press ENTER to accept the choice
CALIBRATION:
>CALIBRATE NO BKG
CALIBRATE NOx BKG
CALIBRATE Nt BKG
CALIBRATE NO
CALIBRATE NOx
CALIBRATE Nt
CALIBRATE NO2
CALIBRATE NH3
Calibration Menu in Single and Dual/Autorange Modes
3-23
Chapter 3 Operation
Calibrate NO, NOx, Nt, Background
The Calibrate NO BKG screen, shown below, is used to perform a background

calibration. Be sure the analyzer samples zero air until stable readings are obtained.
It is important to note the averaging time when calibrating. The longer the averaging
time the more accurate the calibration. To be most accurate, use the 300-second
averaging time. For more information about calibration, see Chapter 4, “Calibration.”
To display the Calibrate NO, NOx, and Nt BKG screens:

► From the Calibration menu choose Calibrate NO, NOx, or Nt BKG
To use the Calibrate NO, NOx, and Nt BKG screens:
► Press ENTER to set the NO, NOx, or Nt reading to zero

► Press MENU to return to the Calibration menu
NO PPB -2.6
SET TO ZERO?
NO BKG Calibration Screen
3-24
Chapter 3 Operation
Calibrate NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3
The span calibration screens are used to adjust the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 span
concentrations while sampling span gas of known concentration. All calibration screens
operate the same way. Therefore, the following description of the NO calibration screen
applies to the NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 calibration screens as well.
The first line of the display shows the current NO concentration reading. The second line
of the display shows the current NO range. The third line of the display is where the NO
calibration gas concentration is entered.
It is important to note the averaging time when calibrating. The longer the averaging
time the more accurate the calibration will be. For the most accurate calibration, use the
300 second averaging time. For more information about calibration, see Chapter 4,
“Calibration.”
To display the Calibrate NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3 screen:

► From the Calibration menu choose Calibrate NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3
To use the Calibrate NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3 screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement each digit

► Press ENTER to calibrate the NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, or NH3 channel to the cal gas
► Press MENU to return to the Calibration menu
NO PPB 2.5
RANGE 500
SET NO TO 000400.0
78 INC/DEC
NO Calibration Screen
3-25
Chapter 3 Operation
INSTRUMENT CONTROLS MENU
The Instrument Controls menu contains a number of items as shown below. The
software controls listed in this menu enable control of the listed instrument functions.
To display the Instrument Controls menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Instrument Controls
To use the Instrument Controls menu:

Instrument Controls Menu
3-26
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozonator Screen
The Ozonator screen, shown below, is used to turn the internal ozonator on and off. The
first line of the display shows the status of the control line that turns the ozonator on and
off. The second line of the display shows the user-specified ozonator setting. Under
most conditions, the control line status and ozonator set status are the same; however, as
a safety precaution, the microprocessor can override the user-specified ozonator setting.
This occurs only if the ozonator flow drops below the alarm limit. In this case, an alarm
is activated and the ozonator is turned off. This is done to prevent the ozonator from
overheating, which can result in permanent damage to the ozonator.
The ozonator must be on to obtain NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 readings. As an
additional safety precaution, a lit LED mounted on the Ozonator Board indicates that the
ozonator is on.
To display the Ozonator screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Ozonator
To use the Ozonator screen:
► Use the ENTER pushbutton to toggle the ozonator on and off

► Press MENU to return to the Instrument Controls menu
Ozonator Screen
3-27
Chapter 3 Operation
PMT Supply
The PMT Supply screen, shown below, is used to turn the PMT power supply on and off.
This is useful in a troubleshooting situation.
To display the PMT screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose PMT Supply
To use the PMT screen:
► Use the ENTER pushbutton to toggle the PMT power supply on and off
PMT Supply Screen
3-28
Chapter 3 Operation
Auto/Manual Mode
The Auto/Manual Mode screen shown below, allows selection of the automatic mode
(NO/NOx/Nt), NO mode (manual NO), NOx mode (manual NOx), or the Nt Mode (manual
Nt). The auto mode switches the three-mode solenoid valves automatically on a 10
second cycle so that NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations are determined. The manual NO
mode places the NO mode solenoid valve into the open position and the other valves in
the closed position. Therefore, only the NO concentration is determined. The manual
NOx mode places the NOx mode solenoid valve into the open position and the other
valves in the closed position. Therefore, only the NOx concentration is determined. The
Nt mode places the Nt mode valve in the open position and the other valves in the closed
position. Therefore, only the Nt concentration is determined. In the manual modes,
additional averaging times of 1, 2, and 5 seconds are available from the Averaging Time
screen.
The Auto/Manual mode along with the Range Mode reconfigures the analog outputs to
accommodate the current mode of operation. For output channels and what analog
signals are being generated in the various modes, refer to the Range Menu section earlier
in this chapter.
To display the Auto/Manual Mode screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Auto/Manual Mode
To use the Auto/Manual Mode screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll through modes

► Press ENTER to select mode
MODE NO/NOx/Nt
SET TO MANUAL NO?
78SELECT
Auto/Manual Mode Screen
3-29
Chapter 3 Operation
Temperature Correction
Temperature correction provides compensation for changes to the instrument's output

signal due to internal instrument temperature variations. The effects of internal
instrument temperature changes on the analyzer's subsystems and output have been
empirically determined. This empirical data is used to compensate for any changes in
temperature. This compensation can be used for special applications, or when operating
the instrument outside the recommended temperature range.
The Temperature Correction screen is shown below. When temperature correction is on,
the first line of the display shows the current internal instrument temperature (measured
by a thermistor on the Motherboard). When temperature correction is off, the first line of
the display shows the factory standard temperature of 30oC.
To display the Temperature Correction screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Temperature Correction
To use the Temperature Correction screen:
► Press ENTER to toggle temperature correction on and off

Temperature Correction Screen
3-30
Chapter 3 Operation
Pressure Correction
Pressure correction provides compensation for changes to the instrument's output signal
due to reaction chamber pressure variations. The effects of reaction chamber pressure
changes on the analyzer's subsystems and output have been empirically determined. This
empirical data is used to compensate for any change in reaction chamber pressure. The
pressure correction screen is shown below. When pressure correction is on, the first line
of the display represents the current pressure in the reaction chamber. When pressure
correction is off, the first line of the display shows the factory standard pressure of 100
mm Hg.
To display the Pressure Correction screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Pressure Correction
To use the Pressure Correction screen:
► Press ENTER to toggle pressure correction on and off

PRESSURE 100.0 mm Hg
CORRECTION OFF
TURN ON?
Pressure Correction Screen
3-31
Chapter 3 Operation
Baud Rate
The Baud Rate screen shown below, is used to set the RS-232 interface baud rate. Baud
rates of 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600 are available.
To display the Baud Rate screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Baud Rate
To use the Baud Rate screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the baud rate

Baud Rate Screen
3-32
Chapter 3 Operation
Instrument ID
The Instrument ID screen shown below, enables the Instrument ID to be user-defined.

This is useful if two or more of the same instrument are connected to one computer.
Valid Instrument ID numbers are from 0 to 99. The Model 17C has a default Instrument
ID of 17. For more information about the Instrument ID, see Appendix B, “RS-232/485
Commands.”
To display the Instrument ID screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Instrument ID
To use the Instrument ID screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the ID number

Instrument ID Screen
3-33
Chapter 3 Operation
Screen Brightness
The Screen Brightness screen, shown below, is used to change the screen brightness.
Intensities of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% are available. Changing the screen brightness
to a lower intensity extends the life of the display.
To display the Screen Brightness screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Screen Brightness
To use the Screen Brightness screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the screen brightness

BRIGHTNESS 100%
SET TO 25?
↑ ↓ INC/DEC
Screen Brightness Screen
3-34
Chapter 3 Operation
Service Mode
The Service Mode screen, shown below, is used to turn the service mode on and off. The
service mode includes parameters and functions that are useful when making adjustments
or diagnosing the Model 17C. Meaningful data should not be collected when the
instrument is in the service mode. For more information about the service mode, see
“Service Mode Menu,” later in this chapter.
To display the Service Mode screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Service Mode
To use the Service Mode screen:
► Press ENTER to toggle service mode on and off

Service Mode Screen
3-35
Chapter 3 Operation
Time
The internal clock is set by the Time screen as shown below. The first line of the display
shows the current time (military). The second line of the display is used to change the
time. The internal clock is powered by its own battery when instrument power is off.
To display the Time screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Time
To use the Time screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the hours and minutes

Time Screen
3-36
Chapter 3 Operation
Date
The date is set by the Date screen as shown below. The first line of the display shows the
current date. The second line of the display is used to change the date. The date is
updated by the internal clock.
To display the Date screen:

► From the Instrument Controls menu choose Date
To use the Date screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the month, day, and year
Date Screen
3-37
Chapter 3 Operation
DIAGNOSTICS MENU
The Diagnostics menu screen shown below, provides access to diagnostic information
and functions. This menu is useful when troubleshooting the instrument.
To display the Diagnostics menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Diagnostics
To use the Diagnostics menu:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons move the cursor up and down

Diagnostics Menu
3-38
Chapter 3 Operation
Program Number
The Program Number screen shown below, shows the version numbers of the programs
installed. Please note the program numbers prior to contacting the factory with any
questions regarding the instrument.
To display the Program Number screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Program Number
To use the Program Number screen:
► This is a view only screen

► Press MENU to return to the Diagnostics menu
INSTRUMENT PROGRAM:
17C 100001P
COMMUNICATIONS:
17C 020000L
Program Number Screen
3-39
Chapter 3 Operation
Voltages
The Voltages screen shown below, displays the dc power supply voltages. This screen
enables the power supply to be quickly tested for low or fluctuating voltages without
having to use a voltage meter.
To display the Voltages screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Voltages
To use the Voltages screen:

Voltages Screen
3-40
Chapter 3 Operation
Temperatures
The Temperatures screen shown below, displays the internal temperature, reaction
chamber temperature, cooler temperature, and molybdenum converter temperature.
To display the Temperatures screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Temperatures
To use the Temperatures screen:

TEMPERATURES:
>INTERNAL 30.0gC
CHAMBER 49.2gC
CAPILLARY 49.8gC
COOLER -7.9gC
NO2 CONV 326gC
NO2 SET 325gC
NH3 CONV 772gC
NH3 SET 770gC
Temperatures Screen
3-41
Chapter 3 Operation
Pressure
The Pressure screen shown below, displays the reaction chamber pressure. The pressure
is measured by a pressure transducer in-line with the reaction chamber.
To display the Pressure screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Pressure
To use the Pressure screen:

PRESSURE 133.0 mm Hg
Pressure Screen
3-42
Chapter 3 Operation
Flow
The Flow screen shown below, displays the sample and ozonator flow rate. The flows
are measured by internal flow sensors. For more information about internal flow sensors,
refer to Chapter 1, “Introduction.”
To display the Flow screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Flow
To use the Flow screen:

FLOW:
SAMPLE 0.691 LPM
OZONATOR OK
Flow Screen
3-43
Chapter 3 Operation
Test Analog Outputs
The Test Analog Outputs menu screen shown below, contains three choices: Zero,
Fullscale, and Ramp. Zero sets the analog outputs to 0 volts, Fullscale sets the analog
outputs to the fullscale voltage, and Ramp generates a digital to analog (DAC) ramp that
fully tests the analog outputs.
To display the Test Analog Outputs menu:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Test Analog Outputs
To use the Test Analog Output menu:

Test Analog Outputs Menu
3-44
Chapter 3 Operation
Zero. The Zero screen shown below, sets the analog outputs to 0 volts. Use the ↑ and ↓
pushbuttons to increment/decrement the output level. For example, to set the analog
outputs to 5% of fullscale, use the ↑ pushbutton to increment the 0.0 to 5.0%.
To display the Zero screen:

► From the Set Outputs menu choose Zero
To use the Zero screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the output level

► Press MENU to return to the Set Outputs menu and cancel the zero output
► Press RUN to return to the Run screen and cancel the zero output
Zero Analog Outputs Screen
3-45
Chapter 3 Operation
Fullscale. The Fullscale screen shown below, sets the analog outputs to fullscale. Use
the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the output level. For example, to set the
analog outputs to 95% of fullscale, use the ↓ pushbutton to decrement the 100.0 to
95.0%.
To display the Fullscale screen:

► From the Set Outputs menu choose Fullscale
To use the Fullscale screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the output level

► Press MENU to return to the Set Outputs menu and cancel the fullscale output
► Press RUN to return to the Run screen and cancel the fullscale output
Fullscale Analog Outputs Screen
3-46
Chapter 3 Operation
Ramp. The digital to analog (DAC) ramp is used to fully test the analog outputs. The
analog outputs start at -2.3% and then increments by 0.1% every second until it reaches
100.0%. A linear output indicates that the analog outputs are operating correctly.
To display the Ramp screen:

► From the Set Outputs menu choose Ramp
To use the Ramp screen:

► Press MENU to return to the Set Outputs menu and cancel the ramp output
► Press RUN to return to the Run screen and cancel the ramp output
Ramp Analog Outputs Screen
3-47
Chapter 3 Operation
Option Switches
The Option Switches screen shown below, enables the settings of the internal option
switches to be viewed. Option switch settings cannot be changed through the software.
For more information about the internal option switches, see “Internal Option Switches”
later in this chapter.
To display the Option Switches screen:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Option Switches
To use the Option Switches screen:

OPTION SWITCHES:
>#1 REMOTE ON
#2 RS-232 ON
#3 Z/SPAN VALVE ON
#4 DUAL RANGE OFF

#5 SPARE OFF
#6 LOCK OFF
#7 EXT RANGES OFF
#8 SPARE OFF
Option Switch Status Screen
3-48
Chapter 3 Operation
ALARMS
The Alarms menu screen, shown below, displays a list of items that are monitored by the
analyzer. If the item being monitored goes outside the lower or upper limit, the status of
that item will go from OK to either LOW or HIGH, respectively. The number in the
upper right corner of the display indicates how many alarms have occurred. If no alarms
are detected, the number zero is displayed.
To see the actual reading of an item and its minimum and maximum limits, move the
cursor to the item and press ENTER.
To display the Alarms menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Alarm
To use the Alarms menu:

ALARMS DETECTED: 0
>INTERNAL TEMP OK
CHAMBER TEMP OK
CAPILLARY TEMP OK
COOLER TEMP OK
NO2 CONV TEMP OK
NH3 CONV TEMP OK
PRESSURE OK
SAMPLE FLOW OK
OZONATOR FLOW OK
NO CONC OK
NOx CONC OK
NH3 CONC OK
Nt CONC OK
Alarm Menu for NO/NOx/Nt Measure Mode
3-49
Chapter 3 Operation
Internal Temperature
The Internal Temperature screen shown below, displays the current internal temperature
and the factory-set min and max alarm limits. The min and max alarm limits can be
changed when the instrument is in the service mode. If the internal temperature reading
goes beyond either the min or max alarm limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm"
appears in the Run screen and in the Main Menu.
To display the Internal Temperature screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose Internal Temperature
To use the Internal Temperature screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to move up and down (service mode on)
► Press ENTER to select a choice (service mode on)
► Press MENU to return to the Alarm menu
Internal Temperature Screen
3-50
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Internal Temperature Limits. The Min Internal Temperature alarm
limit screen shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is in the service mode.
It is used to change the min internal temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max Internal
Temperature screens function the same way.
To display the Min or Max Internal Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Internal Temperature
► From the Internal Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Internal Temperature limit screen (service mode on):
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the value

► Press ENTER to accept the change
► Press MENU to return to the Internal Temperature menu
Set Min Internal Temperature Screen
3-51
Chapter 3 Operation
Chamber Temperature
The Chamber Temperature screen shown below, displays the current reaction chamber
temperature and the factory-set min and max alarm limits. The min and max alarm limits
can be changed when the instrument is in the service mode. Acceptable alarm limits
range from 47 to 51oC. If the chamber reading goes beyond either the min or max limit,
an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the Main
Menu.
To display the Chamber Temperature screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose Chamber Temperature
To use the Chamber Temperature screen:
CHAMBER TEMP:
ACTUAL 50.7gC
>MIN 47.0gC
MAX 51.0gC
Chamber Temperature Screen
3-52
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Chamber Temperature Limits. The Min Chamber Temperature
alarm limit screen shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is in the service
mode. It is used to change the min chamber temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max
Chamber Temperature screens function the same way.
To display the Min or Max Chamber Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Chamber Temperature
► From the Chamber Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Chamber Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Chamber Temperature menu
Set Minimum Chamber Temperature Screen
3-53
Chapter 3 Operation
Capillary Temperature
The Capillary Temperature screen shown below, displays the current capillary
range from 47 to 51oC. If the capillary reading goes beyond either the min or max limit,
an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the Main
Menu.

► From the Alarm menu choose Capillary Temperature
CAPILLARY TEMP:
g
ACTUAL 48.0 C
g
>MIN 47.0 C
g
MAX 50.0 C
Capillary Temperature Screen
3-54
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Capillary Temperature Limits. The Min Capillary Temperature
alarm limit screen shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is the service
mode. It is used to change the min capillary temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max
capillary temperature screens function in the same way.
To display the Min or Max Capillary Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Capillary Temperature
► From the Capillary Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Capillary Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Capillary Temperature menu
g
MIN CAP TEMP: 48.0 C
g
SET TO 47.0 C
78 INC/DEC
Set Min Capillary Temperature Screen
3-55
Chapter 3 Operation
Cooler Temperature
The Cooler Temperature screen shown below, displays the current cooler temperature
changed when the instrument is in the service mode. If the cooler temperature reading
goes beyond either the min or max alarm limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm"
appears in the Run screen and in the Main Menu.
To display the Cooler Temperature screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose Cooler Temperature
To use the Cooler Temperature screen:
Cooler Temperature Screen
3-56
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Cooler Temperature Limits. The Min Cooler Temperature alarm
limit screen shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is the service mode. It
is used to change the min cooler temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max cooler
temperature screens function the same way.
To display the Min or Max Cooler Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Cooler Temperature
► From the Cooler Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Cooler Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Cooler Temperature menu
Set Min Cooler Temperature Screen
3-57
Chapter 3 Operation
NO2 Converter Temperature
The NO2 Converter Temperature screen shown below, displays the current NO2 converter
range from 300 to 375oC. If the NO2 converter reading goes beyond either the min or
max limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the
Main Menu.

► From the Alarm menu choose NO2 Converter Temperature
NO2 CONV TEMP:

g
ACTUAL 325.0 C
g
>MIN 300.0 C
g
MAX 350.0 C
NO2 Converter Temperature Screen
3-58
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max NO2 Temperature Limits. The Min NO2 Temperature alarm limit
screen, shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is the service mode. It is
used to change the min NO2 temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max NO2 temperature
screens function in the same way.
To display the Min or Max NO2 Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose NO2 Converter Temperature
► From the NO2 Converter Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max NO2 Converter Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the NO2 Converter Temperature menu
g
MIN CONV TEMP: 300 C
g
SET TO 320 C
78 INC/DEC
Set Min NO2 Temperature Screen
3-59
Chapter 3 Operation
NH3 Converter Temperature
The NH3 Converter Temperature screen shown below, displays the current NH3 converter
range from 300 to 1000oC. If the NH3 converter reading goes beyond either the min or
max limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the
Main Menu.

► From the Alarm menu choose NH3 Converter Temperature
NH3 CONV TEMP:

g
ACTUAL 775.0 C
g
>MIN 750.0 C
g
MAX 8O0.0 C
NH3 Converter Temperature Screen
3-60
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max NH3 Temperature Limits. The Min NH3 Temperature alarm limit
screen shown below, is accessible only when the instrument is the service mode. It is
used to change the min NH3 temperature alarm limit. The Min and Max NH3 temperature
screens function in the same way.
To display the Min or Max NH3 Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose NH3 Converter Temperature
► From the NH3 Converter Temperature menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max NH3 Converter Temperature limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the NH3 Converter Temperature menu
MIN CONV TEMP: 750gC

SET TO 775gC
78 INC/DEC
Set Min NH3 Temperature Screen
3-61
Chapter 3 Operation
Pressure
The Pressure screen shown below, displays the current reaction chamber pressure reading
changed when the instrument is in the service mode. If the pressure reading goes beyond
either the min or max alarm limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the
Run screen and in the Main Menu.

► From the Alarm menu choose Pressure
PRESSURE:
ACTUAL 157.6 mm Hg
>MIN 50.0 mm Hg
MAX 200.0 mm Hg
Pressure Screen
3-62
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Pressure Limits. The Min Pressure limit screen shown below, is
accessible only when the instrument is in the service mode. It is used to change the min
pressure alarm limit. The Min and Max Pressure screens function the same way.
To display the Min or Max Pressure limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Pressure
► From the Pressure menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Pressure limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Pressure menu
MIN PRES 100 mm Hg

SET TO 80 mm Hg?
78 INC/DEC
Set Min Pressure Screen
3-63
Chapter 3 Operation
Sample Flow
The Sample Flow screen shown below, displays the current sample flow reading and the
factory-set min and max alarm limits. The min and max alarm limits can be changed
when the instrument is in the service mode. Acceptable alarm limits range from 0 to 1
LPM. If the sample flow reading goes beyond either the min or max alarm limit, an
alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the Main Menu.
To display the Sample Flow screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose Sample Flow
To use the Sample Flow screen:
Sample Flow Screen
3-64
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max Sample Flow Limits. The Min Sample Flow limit screen shown
below, is accessible only when the instrument is in the service mode. It is used to change
the min sample flow alarm limit. The Min and Max Sample Flow screens function the
same way.
To display the Min or Max Sample Flow limit screen (service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose Sample Flow
► From the Sample Flow menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max Sample Flow limit screen (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Sample Flow menu
Set Min Sample Flow Screen
3-65
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozonator Flow
The Ozonator Flow screen shown below, displays the current ozonator flow status. The
ozone flow is either above 0.050 LPM or below that level at which point the word
"alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the Main Menu.
To display the Ozonator Flow screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose Ozonator Flow
OZONATOR FLOW:
ACTUAL > 0.050 LPM
Ozonator Flow Screen
3-66
Chapter 3 Operation
NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt Concentrations
The NO Concentration screen shown below, displays the current NO concentration and
the factory-set min and max alarm limits. The min and max alarm limits can be changed
when the instrument is in the service mode. Acceptable alarm limits range from 0 to
100000 ppb. If the NO concentration reading goes beyond either the min or max alarm
limit, an alarm is activated. The word "alarm" appears in the Run screen and in the Main
Menu. If the min alarm limit is set to zero, no alarm will be activated. The NO2, NOx
NH3, and Nt Concentration screens function the same way.
To display the NO, NO2, NOx , NH3, and Nt Concentration screen:

► From the Alarm menu choose NO, NO2, NOx , NH3, or Nt Concentration
To use the NO, NO2, NOx , NH3, or Nt Concentration screens:
NO Concentration screen
3-67
Chapter 3 Operation
Min and Max NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt Concentration Limits The NO, NO2,
NOx, NH3, or Nt min and max concentration limit screens are accessible only when the
instrument is in the service mode. They are used to change the min and max
concentration alarm limits. The Min NO Concentration screen is shown below.
To display the Min or Max NO, NO2, NOx , NH3, or Nt Concentration limit screens
(service mode on):

► From the Alarm menu choose NO, NO2, NOx , NH3, or Nt Concentration
► From the above menu choose Min or Max
To use the Min or Max limit screens (service mode on):

► Press MENU to return to the Concentration menu
Set Min NO Concentration Screen
3-68
Chapter 3 Operation
SERVICE MODE MENU
The Service Mode menu shown below, appears only when the instrument is in the service
mode. To put the instrument into the service mode, select Instrument Controls from the
Main Menu, and then from the Instrument Controls menu select Service Mode. When the
instrument is in the service mode, the Main Menu extends to include the Service Mode
menu. The Service Mode menu includes some of the same information found in the
Diagnostic menu. However, items such as PMT voltage supply, converter set
temperature, pressure, sample flow, and ozonator flow readings are updated every second
as opposed to every 10 seconds. The rapid update time enables the readings on the
display to respond faster to adjustment. In addition, advanced diagnostic functions are
included in the service mode. Meaningful data should not be collected when the
instrument is in the service mode.
To display the Service Mode menu:
► From the Main Menu choose Service Mode
To use the Service Mode menu:

SERVICE MODE:
>PMT SUPPLY
NO2 CONV SET TEMP
NH3 CONV SET TEMP
PRESSURE
SAMPLE FLOW
ZERO FREQUENCY
A/D FREQUENCY
SET TEST DISPLAY
Service Mode Menu
3-69
Chapter 3 Operation
PMT Supply
The PMT Supply screen shown below, shows the PMT supply voltage. The PMT supply
voltage reading is updated every second. This screen is used while adjusting the PMT
voltage. This adjustment should only be performed by an instrument service technician.
CAUTION: Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of

static electricity. A properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while
handling any internal component. For more information about appropriate safety
precautions, see Chapter, “Servicing.”
To display the PMT Supply screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose PMT Supply
To use the PMT Supply screen:

► Press ENTER to view the PMT supply.
► Press MENU to return to the Service Mode menu
PMT Supply Screen
3-70
Chapter 3 Operation
NO2 Converter Set Temperature
The NO2 Converter Set Temperature screen shown below, shows the NO2 converter set
temperature. The converter set temperature reading is updated every second. This screen
is used while adjusting R1 (converter set temperature) on the Temperature Control Board.
This adjustment should only be performed by an instrument service technician.

precautions, see Chapter 7, “Servicing.”
To display the NO2 Converter Set Temperature screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose NO2 Converter Set Temperature
To use the NO2 Converter Set Temperature screen:

► Press ENTER to view the NO2 converter set temperature.
NO2 CONV SET 325.gC
NO2 Converter Set Temperature Screen
3-71
Chapter 3 Operation
NH3 Converter Set Temperature
The NH3 Converter Set Temperature screen shown below, shows the NH3 converter set
temperature. The converter set temperature reading is updated every second. This screen
is used while adjusting R1 (converter set temperature) on the Temperature Control Board.
This adjustment should only be performed by an instrument service technician.

To display the NH3 Converter Set Temperature screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose NH3 Converter Set Temperature
To use the NH3 Converter Set Temperature screen:

► Press ENTER to view the NH3 converter set temperature.
NH3 CONV SET 775.gC
NH3 Converter Set Temperature Screen
3-72
Chapter 3 Operation
Pressure
The Pressure screen shown below, shows the reaction chamber pressure. The reaction
chamber pressure is updated every second. This screen is used while adjusting the
pressure transducer potentiometers. This adjustment should only be performed by an
instrument service technician.


► From the Service Mode menu choose Pressure

Pressure Screen
3-73
Chapter 3 Operation
Sample Flow
The Sample Flow screen shown below, shows the sample flow. The sample flow reading
is updated every second. This screen is used while the sample flow sensor
potentiometers are adjusted. The potentiometer closest to the divider panel is the zero
adjust potentiometer and the potentiometer farthest from the divider panel is the span
adjust potentiometer. These adjustments should only be performed by an instrument
service technician.

To display the Sample Flow screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose Sample Flow
To use the Sample Flow screen:

Sample Flow Screen
3-74
Chapter 3 Operation
Zero Frequencies
The Zero Frequency menu shown below, is used only if the Input Board has been
repaired or replaced. The Z1 and Z2 Frequency screens are used to null any electronic
offsets generated from the Input board. See “Z1 and Z2 Frequency Screens” below for
more information. This adjustment should only be performed by an instrument service
technician.

To display the Zero Frequencies menu:

► From the Service Mode menu choose Zero Frequencies
To use the Zero Frequencies menu:

Zero Frequencies Menu
3-75
Chapter 3 Operation
Z1 and Z2 Frequency Screens. The Z1 and Z2 Frequency screens are used to adjust
the high and low gain stages of the Input Board to a baseline frequency of 3000 hertz.
This is only necessary when the Input board has been recently repaired or replaced.
These adjustments should only be performed by an instrument service technician.

Entry into either the Z1 or Z2 Frequency screens causes the PMT to be turned off, and
consequently affects the analog outputs. Be sure to allow 15 to 30 minutes for the
analyzer to warm. Adjust Z2 on the Input Board until a reading of 3000 hertz is
displayed. Next, go to the Z1 Frequency screen and adjust Z1 on the Input Board until a
reading of 3000 hertz is displayed. Since each adjustment affects the other, it may be
necessary to repeat the procedure several times.
To display the Z1 and Z2 Frequency screens:

► From the Diagnostics menu choose Zero Frequencies
► From the Zero Frequencies menu choose Z1 or Z2 Frequency
To use the Z1 and Z2 Frequency screens:
► Adjust Z2 on the Input Board to set Z2 Frequency to 3000 Hz

► Adjust Z1 on the Input Board to set Z1 Frequency to 3000 Hz
► Press MENU to return to the Zero Frequencies menu
Z2 Frequency Screen
3-76
Chapter 3 Operation
A/D Frequency
The A/D Frequency screen, shown below, displays the frequency of each of the analog to
digital (A/D) converters located on the A/D Board. Each A/D has a frequency range
between 0 and 100,000 Hertz. This frequency range corresponds to a voltage range of 0
to -10 volts dc. See Appendix B, “Schematics” for the A/D Board schematic. Table 3-3
lists the assignments of the A/D converters.
To display the A/D Frequency screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose A/D Frequency
To use the A/D Frequency screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment/decrement the A to D number

A/D Frequency Screen
3-77
Chapter 3 Operation
A/D Converter Function
AN0 Sample Flow

AN1 Spare
AN2 Ozonator Flow
AN3 Spare
AN4 Cooler Temperature
AN5 Spare
AN6 Pressure
AN7 Reaction Chamber Temperature
AN8 Converter Temperature
AN9 Converter Set Temperature
AN10 PMT Voltage
AN11 Internal Temperature
Table 3-3. A/D Converters
3-78
Chapter 3 Operation
Set Test Display
The Set Test Display screen shown below, displays the contents of a given memory
location. This screen is useful to TEI service personnel and should only be used when
consulting with the factory.
To display the Set Test Display screen:

► From the Service Mode menu choose Set Test Display
To use the Set Test Display screen:
► Use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to change the display mode

Set Test Display
3-79
Chapter 3 Operation
INTERNAL OPTION SWITCHES
The internal option switches are located on the Motherboard (near the front panel), as
shown in Figure 3-7 below. These switches are used to activate hardware and software
options. Be sure to turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord before removing
the instrument cover.

64P7192
Figure 3-7. Location of Internal Option Switches
3-80
Chapter 3 Operation
Option Switch Function
1 Remote
2 RS-232
3 Z/Span Valve
4 Dual Range
5 Spare
6 Lock
7 Ext Ranges
8 Spare
Table 3-4. Option Switch Functions
Remote
Option switch 1 is on when a remote interface is installed, such as RS-232 or I/O

activation.
RS-232/485
Option switch 2 is used to select between RS-232/485 and I/O activation. When option
switch 2 is on, RS-232/485 is selected. When it is off, I/O activation is selected.
Dual Range and Autorange
The dual range (option switch 4) and autorange (option switch 5) switches are used to
activate the single, dual, and autorange modes. The following table shows how each
mode is activated. For more information about the single, dual, and autorange modes, see
“Operating Modes,” earlier in this chapter.
3-81
Chapter 3 Operation
Operating Mode Option Switch 4 Option Switch 5
Single Range Mode Off On or Off

Dual Range Mode On Off
Autorange Mode On On
Table 3-5. Operating Mode Truth Table
Lock
When option switch 6 is on, instrument parameters are “locked” and can not be changed.
This prevents any erroneous entry of instrument parameters. When option switch 6 is off,
instrument parameters can be changed.
Extended Ranges
When this option switch is on, extended ranges are available.
Spare
These option switches are currently not used.
3-82
CHAPTER 4
CALIBRATION
This chapter describes procedures for performing a calibration of the Model 17C. The
information described here should be adequate to perform the calibration. However, if
greater detail is required due to particular application requirements, the factory should be
consulted.
ZERO GAS GENERATOR
A zero air source, free of contaminants such as NOx and O3 is required for dilution,
calibration, and gas phase titration. This can be a cylinder of zero gas or a scrubbed,
compressed air source.
PRE-CALIBRATION
Follow the steps below before calibrating the Model 17C:
1. Be sure the ozonator is on. If the ozonator is not on, choose Instrument Controls
from the Main Menu. From the Instrument Controls menu choose Ozonator. Press
the ENTER pushbutton to turn the ozonator on. Press the RUN pushbutton to return to
the Run screen.
2. Allow the instrument to warm up and stabilize.
3. Be sure the instrument is in the auto mode, that is, NO, NO2, and NH3 measurements
are being displayed on the front panel display. If the analyzer is not in the auto
mode, choose Instrument Controls from the Main Menu. From the Instrument
Controls menu Choose Auto/Manual Mode. Use the ↑ pushbutton to select auto
mode (NO/NOx) and press ENTER. Press the RUN pushbutton to return to the Run
screen.
4. Select the NO, NO2, NOx, and NH3 ranges and set the averaging time. It is
recommended that a higher averaging time be used for best results. For more
information about the ranges or averaging time, see Chapter 3, “Operation.”
5. Verify that any filters used during normal monitoring are also used during
calibration.
6. Connect the analog outputs to a strip chart recorder(s).
4-1
Chapter 4 Calibration
CALIBRATION
The Model 17C requires initial and periodic calibration according to the procedures
outlined herein. Initially, the frequency of the calibration procedure should be determined
by the stability of the span checks. When span checks, which may be run daily, indicate a
shift in instrument gain of more than 10 percent from that determined during the most
recent calibration, a new calibration should be initiated. As confidence in the Model 17C
is gained, the frequency of calibration, and even span checks, can be adjusted
appropriately. The instrument user should have a quality control plan whereby the
frequency of calibration can be modified on the basis of calibration and span check data
collected over a period of time. Such a quality control program is essential to ascertain
the accuracy and reliability of the data collected and to alert the user if the accuracy and
reliability of the data should become unacceptable.
1. Introduce zero gas to the SAMPLE bulkhead of the converter module. Sample gas
must be delivered to the instrument at atmospheric pressure. It may be necessary to
employ an atmospheric bypass plumbing arrangement, as shown in Figure 2-2.
2. Allow the analyzer to sample zero air until stable NO, NO2, and NH3 responses are
obtained. After the responses have stabilized, choose Calibration from the Main
Menu. From the Calibration menu choose Calibrate Zero. The Calibrate Zero screen
displays the NO, NOx and Nt readings. Press ENTER to set the NO, NOx, and Nt
readings to zero. The message “Saving Parameters(s)” is briefly displayed to
indicate that the background readings have been set to zero. The analog outputs also
go to zero. Press the RUN pushbutton to return to the Run screen.
3. Disconnect the source of zero air from the SAMPLE bulkhead. Connect a source of
NO calibration gas of approximately 80% of the fullscale range. Allow the analyzer
to sample the NO calibration gas until the NO and NOx responses have stabilized. At
least one minute of stable readings are required.
4. After the responses have stabilized, choose Calibration from the Main Menu. From
the Main Menu choose Calibrate NO. The first line of the Calibrate NO screen
displays the current NO reading. The third line of the display is where the NO
calibration gas concentration is entered. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to move the
cursor right and left and use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment and decrement
each digit. Press ENTER to calibrate the NO channel to the NO calibration gas. The
message “Saving Parameter(s)” is briefly displayed to indicate that the NO span
coefficient has been calculated, stored, and is being used to correct the NO reading.
4-2
5. Press the MENU pushbutton to return to the Calibration menu and choose Calibrate
NOx. Verify that the NOx calibration gas concentration is the same as the NO
calibration gas concentration plus any known NO2 impurities. It is not necessary to
wait additional time for instrument stabilization, assuming that the NO response had
previously stabilized. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to move the cursor right and
left and use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment and decrement each digit. Press
ENTER to calibrate the NOx channel to the NOx calibration gas. The message
“Saving Parameter(s)” is briefly displayed to indicate that the NOx span coefficient
has been calculated, stored, and is being used to correct the NOx reading. Press the
RUN pushbutton to return to the Run screen.
6. Press the MENU pushbutton to return to the Calibration menu and choose Calibrate
Nt. Verify that the Nt calibration gas concentration is the same as the NO calibration
gas concentration plus any known NO2 impurities. There should be no NH3 in the
NO span source used.
It is not necessary to wait additional time for the instrument stabilization, assuming
that the NO response had previously stabilized. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to
move the cursor right and left and use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to increment and
decrement each digit. Press ENTER to calibrate the Nt channel to the NO calibration
gas. The message “Saving Parameter(s)” is briefly displayed to indicate that the Nt
span coefficient has been calculated, stored, and is being used to correct the Nt
reading. Press the RUN pushbutton to return to the Run screen.
7. To measure the NO2 conversion efficiency of the converters in the Model 17C as
well as calibrate the NO2 channel of the analyzer, a known calibration source of NO2
is required. Thermo Environmental Instruments recommends the use of a dynamic
NO2 generation system such as the Model 146C NOx generator for this purpose. The
Model 146C contains two flow systems, one for NO calibration gas from a cylinder,
and the other for air, which passes through a variable ozone generator. The mixture
of NO with the ozonated air stream results in the generation of known concentrations
of NO2. For further details of such a system, the factory should be consulted.
Allow the Model 17C to sample the known NO2 concentration until the NO, NO2,
and NH3 responses have stabilized. After the responses have stabilized, choose
Calibration from the Main Menu. From the Calibration menu choose Calibrate NO2.
The first line of the Calibrate NO2 screen displays the current NO2 reading. The
third line of the display is where the NO2 calibration gas concentration is entered.
Set the NO2 calibration gas concentration to the NO2 concentration. Use the ← and
→ pushbuttons to move the cursor right and left and use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to
increment and decrement each digit. Press ENTER to calibrate the NO2 channel to the
NO2 calibration gas. The message “Saving Parameter(s)” is briefly displayed to
indicate that the NO2 span coefficients have been calculated, stored, and are being
used to correct the NO2 reading.
4-3
The Model 17C does a single point efficiency calculation, corrects the NO2 reading
for converter inefficiency, then adds the corrected NO2 to the NO to give corrected
NOx and Nt signals.
It is important to realize that the efficiency correction is valid only when the Model
17C is in the automatic mode. If the Model 17C is used in the manual mode, the
converter efficiency correction factors are interpreted as having a value of 100%, and
is used as such in concentration calculations.
8. Disconnect the source of NO2 calibration gas from the converter module and connect
a source of NH3. A known calibration source of NH3 is required to measure the NH3
conversion efficiencies of the two converters in the Model 17C as well as calibrate
the NH3 channel of the analyzer. Allow the Model 17C to sample the calibration gas
until the NH3 reading stabilizes. After the response has stabilized, choose
Calibration from the Main Menu. From the Calibration menu choose calibrate NH3.
The first line of the Calibrate NH3 screen displays the current NH3 reading. The third
line of the display is where the NH3 calibration gas concentration is entered. Set the
NH3 calibration gas concentration to the NH3 Concentration. Use the ← and →
pushbuttons to move the cursor right and left and use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to
increment and decrement each digit. Press ENTER to calibrate the NH3 channel to the
NH3 calibration gas. The message “Saving Parameter(s)” is briefly displayed to
indicate that the NH3 span coefficients have been calculated, stored, and are being
used to correct the NH3 reading.
The Model 17C does a single point efficiency correction, corrects the NH3 reading
for converter inefficiency and corrects the NO2 reading for any low temperature NH3
conversion.
It is important to realize that the NH3 converter efficiency corrections are valid only
when the Model 17C is in the automatic mode. If the Model 17C is used in the
manual mode, the low temperature converter efficiency is interpreted as having a
value of 0%, and the high temperature converter efficiency is interpreted as having a
value of 100%.
4-4
CHAPTER 5
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
This chapter describes the periodic maintenance procedures that should be
performed on the instrument at least once every six months to ensure proper
operation.
SPARE PARTS
Table 5-1 lists recommended spare parts.
Part Number Description

4121 Capillary - 10 mil long
4119 Capillary - .008 mil long
6998 Desiccant (Drierite®)
4510 Fuse (115V) T, 3A, 250V
14007 Fuse (220V) T, 1.6A, 250V
4523 Fuse - 5 amp
4800 O-ring - capillary (pk/10)
8119 Solenoid valve
9456 Pump - 110 volts
9457 Pump - 220 volts
9464 Pump repair kit
9269 Molybdenum converter cartridge
10155 Nt converter cartridge
10170 Thermocouple probe (3/16" high temperature)
13983 Band heater (110 volts)
13982 Band heater (220 volts)
10169 Ceramic heater (Converter Module)
6556 Filter kit optical
10158 Ammonia Scrubber (one year lifespan at 10 ppm – for NH3 line)
14022 Model 17C Instruction Manual
5-1
Chapter 5 Preventive Maintenance
REPLACEMENT OF OZONATOR AIR FEED DRYING COLUMN
1. Remove the drying column from the connector DRY AIR bulkhead on the rear
panel of the Model 17C.
2. Replace spent absorbent material (indicating Drierite® or silica gel) with
regenerated material.
3. Re-install the drying column to the DRY AIR bulkhead.
4. Perform a zero/span check.
INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES
CAUTION: Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of static

electricity. A properly grounded anti-static wrist strap must be worn while handling any
internal component. For more information about appropriate safety precautions, see
Chapter 7, “Servicing.”
Converter Module. The following procedure should be performed every three

months.
1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.

2. Remove the cover of the converter module.
3. Locate the heated capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).
4. Remove the Cajon® fitting(s) from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8"
wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillary(s) (part no. 4121) and O-ring (part no. 4800). Inspect
O-ring for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace.
6. Check capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace capillary in holder, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before
inserting it into the body.
8. Replace Cajon® fitting. Note that the Cajon® fitting should be replaced only
hand tight.
Analyzer Module. The following procedure should be performed on a three month

basis:

2. Remove the instrument cover.
3. Locate the reaction chamber/capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).
5-2
Chapter 5 Preventive Maintenance
4. Remove the Cajon® fittings from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillaries (P/N 4121) and O-rings (P/N 4800). Inspect O-rings
for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace.
6. Check the capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace the capillary in the reaction chamber body, making sure the O-ring is
around the capillary before inserting it into the body.
8. Replace the Cajon® fitting. Note that the Cajon® fitting should be replaced only
hand tight.
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER TEST
The digital to analog converter test is used to fully test the analog outputs. It is
normally performed only when a problem with the analog outputs is suspected. From
the Main Menu choose Diagnostics. From the Diagnostics menu choose Test Analog
Outputs. From the Test Analog Output menu choose Ramp. The analog outputs start
at -2.3% (-23) and then increment by one every second until it reaches 100.0% (1000).
A linear output indicates that the analog outputs are operating correctly.
INSPECTION AND CLEANING THERMOELECTRIC COOLER FINS
The cooler fins on the photomultiplier tube (PMT) cooler should be inspected and
cleaned every six month. This ensures optimum performance.

electricity. A properly grounded anti-static wrist strap must be worn while handling any

3. Locate the PMT cooler (Figure 7-2).
4. Blow off the cooler fins using clean pressurized air. It may be more convenient to
vacuum the cooler fins. In either case, make sure that any particulate
accumulation between the fins has been removed.
5. If necessary, use a small brush to remove residual particulate accumulation.
6. Replace the instrument cover.
5-3
CHAPTER 6
TROUBLESHOOTING
The Model 17C has been designed to achieve a high level of reliability. Only premium
components are used, thus complete failure is rare. In the event of problems or failure,
the troubleshooting guidelines presented in this chapter should be helpful in isolating the
fault(s). The Service Department at Thermo Environmental can also be consulted in the
event of problems at (508) 520-0430. In any correspondence with the factory please note
both the serial number and program number of the instrument.

electricity. A properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while handling any
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION
Does not start up No power Check that the instrument is

plugged into the proper source
Check instrument fuses
Power supply Check voltages (Diagnostics

menu)
Digital electronics Unplug power cord. Check

that all boards are seated
properly. Plug in power cord.
6-1
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
Does not start up (continued) Digital electronics Unplug power cord. Remove
one board. Install known good
board. Plug in power cord.
Repeat until defective board is
detected.
No output signal No sample gas reaching Check input sample flow

or very low output the analyzer
Blocked capillary Unplug power cord. Clean

capillary or replace as required
No high voltage reaching Check that the PMT is on

the PMT
Check that the PMT voltage is
between -700 to -1200 volts
Faulty PMT or electronics Use test pulse to isolate fault

to either PMT or other
electronics. Consult the
factory for more information.
Analyzer not calibrated Check that the calibration

or calibrated improperly factors are within their proper
limits
No ozone reaching the Check if the ozonator is on

reaction chamber (LED on Ozonator Board on)
If so check the ozonator.
Check ozonator flow for
restriction.
6-2
No output signal Disconnected or defective Check that cables connected

input or high voltage properly. Check resistance of
supply cables.
Analyzer not calibrated Recalibrate
Defective ± 15 volt Check supply voltages.

Replace power supply.
Calibration drift Dryer to ozonator depleted Replace
Line voltage fluctuations Check to see if line voltage is

within specifications
Unstable NO, NO2, or NH3 Replace source gases

source
Plugged capillaries Clean or replace
Cooler temperature Check that the cooler is about

o
out of capture 8 C. If not, contact factory.
Reaction chamber Check that reaction chamber

o
temperature out of temperature is about 50 C. If
capture not, check that the thermistor
on the reaction chamber is
connected to the Temperature
Control Board and the heater
is connected to the
Temperature Control Board.
Unstable instrument Check pump’s efficiency

vacuum (diaphragm, leaks, etcetera).
6-3
Calibration drift (continued) NH3 scrubber(s) depletion Replace
Excessive noise Defective or low sensitivity Install known good PMT and
PMT check performance. Check
background values.
Defective cooler If temperature is higher than -

6°C at Tamb = 25°C, consult
factory
Non-linear response Incorrect calibration source Verify accuracy of multipoint

calibration source gas
Leak in sample probe line Check for variable dilution
Leak within the Model 17C Check for loose fittings in

both converter and analyzer
module
Defective PMT Replace
Excessive response time Partially blocked sample Clean or replace

capillary
Slow averaging time Check the averaging time

chosen screen
Inadequate line conditioning Introduce NH3 to the

instrument for at least one
hour
6-4
Improper converter Improperly known Verify accuracy

operation calibration gas
Converter temperature too Temperature should be about

high or too low (Nt and NOx 325°C for the analyzer module
converters) and 800°C for the converter
module
Low line voltage Check to see if line voltage is

within specifications
Internal oxide layer of Nt Run the analyzer overnight

converter stripped or with zero air containing
converter not conditioned oxygen. Note that the sample
properly should contain some oxygen
during normal operation so as
not to strip the converter
Defective converter If converter isn't heating up,

heater replace converter heater
Temperature Control Replace with good PCB.

Board failure
6-5
CHAPTER 7
SERVICING
This chapter explains how to replace the Model 17C subassemblies. Fault location is
accomplished in the preceding chapters of “Preventive Maintenance” and
“Troubleshooting.” This chapter assumes that a subassembly has been identified as
defective and needs to be replaced. For additional service assistance, see “Servicing
Locations” later in this chapter.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Some internal components can be damaged by the discharge of static electricity. To

avoid damaging internal components, follow these precautions when performing any
service procedure:
Wear an antistatic wrist strap that is properly connected to earth ground (note
that when the analyzer is unplugged, the chassis is not earth grounded).
If an antistatic wrist strap is not available, be sure to touch a grounded metal
object before touching any internal components.
Handle all printed circuit boards by the edges.
Carefully observe the instructions in each procedure.
64P263/74P744
Figure 7-1. Properly Grounded Antistatic Wrist Strap
7-1
Chapter 7 Servicing
REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST
Table 7-1 lists the part numbers of the major subassemblies in the Model 17C. Refer to
Figure 7-2 and 7-3 to identify their location.
Table 7-1. Replacement Parts

Part Number Description
9837 Processor Board
9841 Analog to Digital Board
9839 Digital to Analog Board
9956 Optional I/O Board
9843 C-Link Board
9827 Motherboard
10831 Power Supply Board
9946 Ozonator Board
9940 Temperature Control Board
9948 Input Board
9974 Ozonator Transformer
9207 Transformer
9877 Pressure Transducer
9938 Flow Sensor (Sample)
9973 Ozonator
9367 Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)
8119 Solenoid Valve
9445 NO2-to-NO Converter (molybdenum) (110V)
9446 NO2-to-NO Converter (molybdenum) (220V)
9456 Pump 110V
9457 Pump 220V
9464 Pump Repair Kit
9586 PMT Base Assembly
10111 Flow Switch (ozone)
10158 Ammonia Scrubber (one year lifespan at 10 ppm – for NH3 line)
10157 Ammonia Scrubber (NO and NOx lines)
9901 PMT High Voltage Power Supply
7-2
7-3
74P743
Figure 7-2. Model 17C Component Layout
Chapter 7 Servicing
Chapter 7 Servicing
7-4
Figure 7-3. Model 17C Converter Module Component Layout 74P740
Chapter 7 Servicing
WARNING: Unplug the instrument before servicing any internal component.
VACUUM PUMP DIAPHRAGM AND VALVE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE
This section describes the diaphragm and valve replacement for the TEI vacuum pumps,
part numbers: 9456 (115v/60Hz) and 9457 (220v/50Hz).
Equipment Needed:
Use the following equipment to complete the replacement of the diaphragm and valve:
• 4 mm allen-head wrench
• 7/32” nut driver or 5.5 mm nut driver
• 3 mm allen-head wrench
• Spanner wrench: 3.8 mm diameter, by 4.5 mm long inserts
• Small flat blade screw driver
• Large flat blade screw driver
• Cleaning agent (alcohol)
• Fine-grade steel wool
• “LOC-TITE” blue breakable thread adhesive
Diaphragm Replacement Procedure
Use the following procedure and Figure 7-4 to replace the diaphragm.
1. Undo the four socket head cap screws and washers (“C”) for each head and lift off the
heads with tubing from the pump body. Keep the heads connected if at all possible:
disconnecting and then reconnecting the PTFE tube can cause leaks.
2. Check for smooth opening and closing of the reed valves (“Q”): a number of sets of
diaphragms can be replaced before there is a need to replace the valves. Follow the
instructions for “valve replacement” if changing of the valves is required.
3. Use the spanner wrench to loosen and remove the one-piece clamping disc/screw
(“E”). Remove the old diaphragms from both heads (“G”).
4. Remove the four pan head screws with M5 washers (“J”) and remove the housing
cover (“K”) from the front of the pump body. If necessary, carefully use a small flat-
bladed screwdriver to pry-off the housing cover.
7-5
Chapter 7 Servicing
5. Install the two PTFE (white color) diaphragms together with one TFM (translucent)
diaphragm as shown in Figure 7-4. Install with the ridges of the diaphragm
convolutions as shown in the diaphragm stack cross-section inset.
Note: Temporarily insert two of the head screws through the diaphragms and screw
into the pump body to keep the position of the diaphragms as the clamping
disc is tightened. Any stress applied re-aligning the diaphragm in the process
of assembling the head will significantly reduce diaphragm life.
6. Check the threads of the clamping disc to insure that they are clean and free of debris.
Apply a small amount of the breakable thread adhesive to the clamping disc threads
and install.
7. Rotate the counterweight until the connecting rod is in mid-stroke and then tighten the
clamping disc. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN THE CLAMPING DISC!
Note: Over tightening of the clamping disc will significantly reduce diaphragm life.
Tighten enough to avoid contact with the head. If a significant amount of
torque is required to tighten, first re-check to see if the threads are clear, then
check that the connection rod support disc (“H”) is properly seated on the
connection rod. Over-torque of the clamping disc must never be a way to
avoid contact with the head.
8. Remove the two temporary aligning screws and re-install the heads on to the pump
body.
Note: The correct head bolt torque range is 20-30 inch-pounds.
9. Turn the counterweight (“M”) through at least one full revolution to check for smooth
operation.
10. Re-install the housing cover and check the pump for correct performance.
7-6
Chapter 7 Servicing
Valve Replacement Procedure
Use the following procedure and Figure 7-4 to replace the valve.
1. With the head off the pump, unscrew the socket head cap screws with M4 lock
washers (“S”) to remove the head lid (“T”) and gasket (“V”).
2. Loosen the single pan head screw, washers and nut (“P”) and remove the two stainless
steel reed valves (“Q”). If necessary, hold the nut in place with a nut-driver.
3. Lightly clean the valve seat area of debris or deposits with fine-grade steel wool. This
area must be clean and smooth, without pits or scratches. Do not scratch the head
plate. Finish the cleaning with alcohol and then air-dry the parts.
4. Lay the two replacement reed valves on a flat surface to the direction of any slight
bend.
5. Lay the replacement reed valves in place, center bowed out (see valve installation),
and tighten the pan head screw, both washers, and the nut. Be certain that the reed
valves lay straight and smooth with clearance from the recessed edge to prevent
sticking. If a reed valve curves away from the valve hole, remove the screw, flip the
valve over and reinstall.
6. Match the holes of the PTFE head gasket (“V”) with the head seal surface, install the
head lid, and tighten the two center bolts with M4 lock washers first and then cross
alternate tightening of the perimeter bolts. Re-tighten the two center bolts after the
other bolts are tight.
7-7
Chapter 7 Servicing
Diaphragm
Installation
Valve
Installation
IMG-TS-0022
Figure 7-4 Vacuum Pump – Head Plate and Motor View
7-8
Chapter 7 Servicing
PHOTOMULTIPLIER COOLER REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16″
Wrench - 9/16″
Nutdriver - 1/4″
This procedure is easier if the converter is removed as described in “Converter

Removal” later in this chapter.
1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap, see “Safety Precautions,” earlier in this chapter for
more information.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Disconnect all connectors from temperature control board.
4. Remove plumbing connections to reaction chamber.
5. Unplug signal cable to Input Board, high voltage cable to PMT power supply, and
four-pin connector to J7 on DC Power Supply Board. Pull cables through divider
panel.
6. Remove four screws holding cooler to floor plate.
7. Lift cooler assembly (with reaction chamber) up and slide forward to remove.
8. Install new cooler by following above procedure in reverse.
Figure 7-5. PMT Cooler and Reaction Chamber 64P7157
7-9
Chapter 7 Servicing
REPLACEMENT OF PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
Equipment Required:
PMT (Part No. 9925) and/or PMT base (Part No. 9926)
Nutdriver - 1/4″
Nutdriver - 5/16″
more information.
3. Disconnect the high voltage cable to the PMT power supply and unplug the signal
cable to the Input Board.
4. Remove six external #6 screws holding right panel to instrument frame. Remove
right rear panel. Note that the cooler fan is attached and if necessary the fan power
cord should be unplugged.
5. Pull high voltage and signal cables attached to PMT base through divider panel.
6. Remove the three retaining screws holding PMT base to cooler using 5/16″ nutdriver.
7. Withdraw PMT and PMT base from cooler assembly. A slight back and forth
twisting motion facilitates this procedure.
8. To install PMT, follow above procedure in reverse making sure to backfill the cooler
with dry air or nitrogen prior to replacing the PMT.
REACTION CHAMBER CLEANING AND/OR REMOVAL
Equipment Required:
Allen Wrench - 9/64″
Wrench - 7/16″
Wrench - 9/16″
more information.
3. Remove PMT cooler as described in “Photomultiplier Cooler Replacement” above.
Note that if the NO2-to-NO converter is removed first, as in “NO2-to-NO Converter
Removal” below, the reaction chamber can be removed without removing the entire
PMT cooler.
4. Disconnect the 1/8″ line at the mixing tee on the back portion of the reaction
chamber. This line is connected to the left 1/8″ elbow at the bottom of the front
portion of the reaction chamber.
5. Disconnect 1/4″ fitting from the exhaust elbow on the front portion of the reaction
chamber.
6. Disconnect 1/8″ fitting from right 1/8″ elbow at the bottom of the front portion of the
reaction chamber.
7-10
7-11
64P7157
Figure 7-6. PMT Cooler and Reaction Chamber (exploded view)
Chapter 7 Servicing
Chapter 7 Servicing
7. Disconnect four-pin connector from temperature control board.

8. Remove the three socket head screws holding front portion of reaction chamber to
back portion. This exposes the inner surfaces of both portions of the reaction
chamber and the quartz window. To clean these surfaces use cotton swabs and
methanol.
9. To continue removing back portion of reaction chamber remove the three socket head
screws holding it to cooler, being careful to keep quartz window and red filter in
cooler body.
10. To re-install reaction chamber, follow above procedures in reverse, making sure
to backfill the cooler with dry air or nitrogen prior to installing reaction chamber.
NO2-to-NO CONVERTER REMOVAL
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16″
Wrench - 9/16″
Wrench - 1/2″
Wrench - 5/8″
Screwdriver
Nutdriver - 1/4″
Nutdriver - 5/16″
more information.
3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated
components.
4. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter.
5. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control
Board.
6. Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate.
7. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half.
8. Remove converter cartridge/heater assembly from bottom converter half.
9. Loosen heater clamp, pry heater apart no wider than necessary and remove converter
cartridge, noting proper orientation of heater wires and thermocouple probe.
10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse.
7-12
Chapter 7 Servicing
Housing, Converter Top Assembly
Moly Heater
Converter Assembly
Housing, Converter Bottom Assembly
64P7172
Figure 7-7. NO2-to-NO Converter Assembly
Figure 7-8. Molybdenum Converter 64P7243
7-13
Chapter 7 Servicing
Nt CONVERTER (CONVERTER MODULE)
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16″
Wrench - 9/16″
Wrench - 1/2″
Wrench - 5/8″
Screwdriver
Nutdriver - 1/4″
Nutdriver - 5/16″
more information.
3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated
components.
4. Loosen and remove the hose clamp holding thermocouple probe and converter exit
plumbing together.
5. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter.
6. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control
Board.
7. Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate.
8. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half.
9. Remove converter cartridge from bottom converter half by sliding through ceramic
heater.
10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse.
SOLENOID VALVE REPLACEMENT

Equipment Required:
Solenoid Valve(Part No. 8119)
Wrench – 5/16"
1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap, see “Safety Precautions” earlier in this chapter for more
information.
3. Disconnect solenoid from DC power supply Board.
4. Remove Teflon plumbing at solenoid.
5. Pull solenoid valve from mounting clip.
6. To replace solenoid, follow above procedure in reverse.
7-14
Chapter 7 Servicing
OZONATOR ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
Ozonator Assembly (Part No. 9973)
Wrench - 5/8″
Nutdriver - 1/4″
more information.
3. Carefully disconnect the plumbing at the glass inlet and outlet of the ozonator.
4. Remove the two screws holding the ozonator to the divider panel.
5. Unplug the ozonator from the ozonator transformer by lifting the ozonator up.
6. To install the ozonator, follow the above procedure in reverse.
REPLACEMENT OF OZONATOR TRANSFORMER
Equipment Required:
Ozonator Transformer (Part No. 9974)
Nutdriver - 1/4″
more information.
3. Remove the ozonator assembly as described above.
4. Disconnect the plug from the ozone transformer to the ozone supply board.
5. Remove the four screws holding transformer to the divider plate.
6. To install, follow the above procedure in reverse.
REMOVAL OF INPUT BOARD
Equipment Required:
Nutdriver - 1/4″
more information.
3. Disconnect the signal and the ribbon cables.
4. Remove the three screws holding the Input Board cover to the divider panel.
5. Disconnect jumper wire from BNC connector to the IN pin on the Input Board.
6. Remove the four screws holding the board to the divider panel.
7. Install by following the above procedure in reverse.
7-15
Chapter 7 Servicing
PMT HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
PMT High Voltage Supply (Part No. 9901)
Nutdriver - 1/4″
more information.
3. Unplug the PMT high voltage supply from the DC Power Supply Board and the
PMT base.
4. Remove the converter assembly as described in section “Converter Removal” above.
5. Remove the four screws holding the high voltage supply to the divider panel.
6. Install by following the above procedure in reverse.
DC POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
DC Power Supply (Part No. 9845)
Nutdriver - 1/4″
more information.
3. Disconnect all the plug-in connections from the board.
4. Remove the screws holding the board to the chassis and remove the board.
5. Install by following above in reverse. Care should be taken to ensure that the voltage
regulators fit into the plugs on the bottom of the board.
7-16
Chapter 7 Servicing
AMMONIA SCRUBBER REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 5/8″
Wrench - 1/2″
Nut Driver - 5/16″
Screwdriver
Note: There are three ammonia (NH3) scrubbers used in the Model 17C. For part
numbers and descriptions, refer to the “Replacement Parts List” earlier in this
chapter.
1. Identify and locate scrubber assembly to be replaced.

2. Disconnect plumbing at both inlet and outlet of scrubber assembly. The
disconnection(s) should be made at the Teflon® fittings at the inlet and outlet and the
Teflon® 1/8″ or 1/4″ nuts should be saved.
3. Loosen cable clamps holding scrubber either to floor plate or divider panel and
remove.
4. Install by following above procedure in reverse. Note that if necessary, the Teflon®
fittings on the old scrubber assembly can be reused with the new scrubber.
ANALOG OUTPUT ADJUSTMENT
The analog outputs need only be adjusted if the concentration value on the front panel
display disagrees with the analog outputs. To see if the analog outputs need to be
adjusted, compare the front panel display to the analog output voltage. If they differ by
more than 1%, then the analog outputs should be adjusted. This procedure should only be
performed by an instrument service technician.
1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap that is properly connected to earth ground, see “Safety
Precautions,” earlier in this chapter for more information.
3. From the Run screen, press the MENU pushbutton to display the Main Menu. Use the
↓ pushbutton to move the cursor to Diagnostics, and press ENTER to display the
Diagnostics menu. Use the ↓ pushbutton to move the cursor to Test Analog Outputs,
and press ENTER. The Test Analog Output screen appears as shown below.
Test Analog Outputs Menu
7-17
Chapter 7 Servicing
4. Press ENTER to select Zero. The Zero screen appears as shown below. Using a small
screwdriver, adjust potentiometer R1 and R3 on the D/A Board until the analog
outputs read 0 volts. Press the MENU pushbutton to return to the Test Analog Outputs
menu.
Zero Analog Outputs Screen
5. Press the ↓ pushbutton to move the cursor to Fullscale and press ENTER. The
fullscale screen appears as shown below. Using a small screwdriver, adjust
potentiometer R2 and R4 on the D/A Board until the analog outputs read 10 volts
(standard instrument). Press the MENU pushbutton to return to the Test Analog
Outputs menu.
Fullscale Analog Outputs Screen
6. Repeat the above steps to ensure the adjustments are accurate.

7-18
Chapter 7 Servicing
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER ADJUSTMENT
This procedure should not be performed by anyone other than a qualified Thermo
Environmental Instruments service technician.
Equipment Required:
Vacuum Pump
Screwdriver
! CAUTION: Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of static

electricity. A properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while handling
any internal component.
3. Disconnect the tubing from the pressure transducer and connect a vacuum pump
known to produce a vacuum less than 1 mm Hg.
4. From the Run screen, press MENU to display the Main Menu. Use the ↓ pushbutton to
move the cursor to Service menu. Press ENTER to display the Service menu. Use the
↓ pushbutton to move the cursor to Pressure screen. Press ENTER to display the
pressure reading.
5. Adjust the zero potentiometer on the pressure transducer for a reading of 0
mm Hg.
6. Disconnect the vacuum pump. The display should read the current local barometric
pressure. If this value does not agree with a known accurate barometer, adjust the
span potentiometer.
7. Reconnect the tubing to the pressure transducer.
An error in the zero setting of the pressure transducer does not introduce a measurable
error in the output concentration reading. Therefore, if only a barometer is available and
not a vacuum pump, adjust only the span setting. A rough check of the pressure accuracy
can be made by obtaining the current barometric pressure from the local weather station
or airport, and then comparing it to the pressure reading. However, since these pressures
are usually corrected to sea level, it may be necessary to correct the reading to local
pressure by subtracting 0.027 mm Hg per foot of altitude. Do not try to calibrate the
pressure transducer unless the pressure is known accurately.
7-19
Chapter 7 Servicing
TEMPERATURE SENSOR ADJUSTMENT
This procedure should only be performed by an instrument service technician.
Equipment Required:
Calibrated Thermometer or 10KΩ ± 1% Resistor
Screwdriver

internal component.
3. Tape the thermistor plugged into the Motherboard to a calibrated thermometer.
4. Adjust the GAIN potentiometer on the Analog to Digital Board until the internal
temperature reading agrees with the value on the calibrated thermometer. Since the
thermistors used in the Model 17C are interchangeable to an accuracy of ± 0.2°C, and
have a value of 10K ohms at 25°C, an alternate procedure is to connect an accurately
known 10K resistor to the thermistor input on the Motherboard, and adjust the GAIN
potentiometer for an internal temperature reading of 25°C. Note that a 1°C change
corresponds to a ± 5% change in resistance, thus this alternative procedure can be
quite accurate as a check; however, it clearly is not NIST traceable.
7-20
Chapter 7 Servicing
PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY ADJUSTMENT
Use the following procedure to adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply after
switching from standard to extended ranges or vice versa. This procedure should only be
performed by an instrument service technician.

internal component.
3. Set option switch 7 on for extended ranges, or off for standard ranges.
4. Select new NO, NO2, and NOx ranges.
5. Set background factors NO, NOx, and Nt to 0.0. Set NH3 span coefficients NO COEF,
NOx COEF, and Nt COEF to 1.000.
6. Set the averaging time to 10 seconds.
7. Allow the instrument to sample NO calibration gas until a stable reading is obtained.
8. Adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply potentiometer (this is the potentiometer
located on the top of the PMT High Voltage Power Supply) so that the instrument
reads the calibration gas.
9. Perform an instrument calibration. For more information about calibration, see
FUSE REPLACEMENT
Equipment Required:
115V T, 3A, 250V (Part No. 4510)
220V T, 1.6A, 250V (Part No. 14007)
1. Disconnect power to instrument.

2. Remove fuse drawer, located on the AC power connector.
3. Replace both fuses, if either is blown.
4. Insert fuse drawer and reconnect power cord.
7-21
Chapter 7 Servicing
SERVICE LOCATIONS
For additional assistance, Environmental Instruments Division has service available from
exclusive distributors worldwide. Contact one of the phone numbers below for product
support and technical information.
866-282-0430 Toll Free

508-520-0430 International
7-22
CHAPTER 8
THEORY OF OPERATION
In order to understand the operation of the Model 17C, a general knowledge of the
electronics, software, and subassemblies is necessary.
ELECTRONICS
The electronics can be broken down into the following subassemblies:
• DC Power Supply
• Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply
• Ozonator Power Supply
• Temperature Control Board
• Input Board
• Microprocessor System
A brief description of each follows. Note that all the electrical schematics are given in
Appendix C, “Schematics.”
DC Power Supply
The DC Power Supply outputs the regulated and unregulated dc voltages necessary to
operate the digital electronics, Input Board, and the Temperature Control Board. It
outputs +24 volts unregulated and ±15 volts and +5 volts regulated. The DC Power
Supply Board also contains the circuitry for driving the solenoid valves and a circuit for
powering and controlling the photomultiplier cooler supply.
Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply
The Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) Power Supply provides the PMT with the negative high
voltage required for operation. The power supply output may be adjusted from about
-500 to -1300 volts dc.
8-1
Chapter 8 Theory of Operation
Ozonator Power Supply
The Ozonator Power Supply provides the ozone transformer with approximately 55 Hz,
15 volt pulses which the transformer steps up to about 15 kilovolts. The timer, U5,
generates a square wave which feeds U3. This IC generates pulses which feed the
network composed of U2, C2, C3, R4 and R5. This network acts to turn Q1 and Q2 on
and off in a 4-step cycle. This cycle results in the discharge of C1 and C5 through the
transformer generating high voltage pulses which power the silent-discharge ozonator.
Temperature Control Board
The Temperature Control Board regulates and sets the temperature of the converter and
the reaction chamber. The converter temperature is measured with a type K
thermocouple. The thermocouple voltage is conditioned by U4, which supplies a voltage
output of 10 mV per °C. The conditioned signal is compared to a reference signal set by
a potentiometer, and the comparator output is used to turn the heating element on and off.
Both the converter set temperature and the conditioned thermocouple signal are picked
up by the microprocessor and are used to display the actual converter temperature, as well
as the converter set point.
The reaction chamber temperature is measured with a thermistor, whose resistance is

equal to that of the reference resistor at approximately 50°C. The voltage across the
thermistor is used by the microprocessor system for use in calculating and displaying the
reaction chamber temperature.
Input Board
The Input Board accepts the current signal from the PMT and converts it to a voltage
through a 100 megohm feedback resistor (R10). This voltage is scaled by about a factor
of 1, 10, or 100, depending on the fullscale range of the NO channel. The scaled voltage
signal is converted to a pulse train by the V/F converter and sent to the microprocessor.
A switch on the Input Board turns a test signal on and off which is injected at the first
stage of the Input Board in parallel with the PMT input. This allows the Input Board and
the connection to the processor system to be tested without using the PMT.
8-2
The Microprocessor System
The microprocessor system consists of printed circuit boards which plug into the
Motherboard, connecting them to each other and to the rest of the instrument. These
boards are as follows:
• Display Module
• Processor Board
• Analog to Digital Board
• Digital to Analog Board
• C-Link Board
Display Module. The vacuum fluorescent display module shows NO, NO2, and NH3
concentrations, instrument parameters, and help messages. The single board display
module consists of 80 characters (4 line by 20 column), refresh memory, character
generator, dc/dc converter and all necessary control logic. The display module is
powered by +5 volts dc.
Processor Board. The Processor Board contains a Motorola M68HC11F1

microprocessor (U4), RAM (U5), and EPROM (U2). In addition, this high-performance,
non-multiplexed 68-pin microprocessor contains 512 bytes of EEPROM and 1K of RAM.
It is operated at a frequency of 2 MHz, which is generated by crystal X1.
During each instruction cycle, the processor fetches an instruction from memory and
executes it, reading or writing data to or from the data bus, or performing a calculation on
some internal register or registers. The reset signal is generated by U8. This signal resets
the M68HC11F1 every tenth of a second, and is used by the microprocessor to keep track
of time. Each time the microprocessor is reset, it reads the counters, increments the
clock, checks the status of the pushbuttons, and updates the D/A converters and display.
The MC64B40 counter chip (U1) acts as the interface between the Input Board and the
microprocessor. A pulse train from the Input Signal Board is directly fed into one of
three counters on the MC64B40 counter chip.
Digital to Analog Board. The Digital to Analog Board contains four D/A converters,
one for each analog output. Each is addressed by the processor via signals from
PA0-PA7 and PG0 and PG1. The D/A converters are zeroed using potentiometers R1,
R3, R5, and R7 and span is set using potentiometers R2, R4, R6, and R8. The fullscale
output of the four D/A converters is set by jumpers on switches SW1-SW4 on the D/A
board. Fullscale voltages of 10, 5, 1, and 0.1 volts are available.
8-3
Analog to Digital Board. The Analog to Digital Board acts as an interface between all
the signals monitored by the processor system and the microprocessor itself. Up to 12
analog inputs are available. The cooler temperature, reaction chamber temperature,
internal temperature, pressure, power supply voltages, PMT high voltage, and flow rates
are examples of analog signals converted to digital signals used by the microprocessor.
C-Link Board. The C-Link Board contains the RS-232 circuitry, clock, and memory for
the datalogger. Incoming RS-232 signals are converted to TTL levels by U3, an RS-232
driver/receiver. The TTL signals are then interpreted by U5, a 68HC11 microprocessor,
which is dedicated to remote communications. Data records from the internal datalogger
are stored in U2, a 128K RAM, and the link program is stored in U6, a 64K EPROM.
U10 is the internal clock. A battery supplies +5 volts to the clock and the data logger
memory when instrument power off.
SOFTWARE
The software tasks of the processor can be broken down into four areas:
Instrument Control
Sixteen control lines are located on the Analog to Digital Board. Line 0 is used to turn
the ozonator on or off. Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 go to the Power Supply Board and control
the mode solenoid valves, and any additional solenoids used for special applications.
Line 6 is used to turn the PMT voltage on or off. Lines 13 and 15 go to the Input Board
and control the gain of the preamplifier. The remaining lines are currently not in use.
Monitoring Signals
The monitoring of signals is tied to the tenth of a second cycle time for the processor
system, and to the one and ten second intervals, which are derived from this cycle time.
Every tenth of a second, the processor is reset and the counters and pushbuttons are read.
Once every second, the accumulated counts are sampled. The 1-second accumulated
counts representing the NO/NOx/Nt concentrations are further accumulated for a total of 7
seconds before they are processed, while the other 1-second accumulated counts
representing other signals are processed directly. Every ten seconds, the NO/NOx/Nt
solenoids switch and the processor waits 3 seconds for the reaction chamber to flush and
stabilize. After those 3 seconds, it samples the signal intensity for 7 seconds before again
switching the solenoids.
8-4
Instrument Calculations
The calculations of the NO, NO2, NOx, NH3 and Nt concentrations are lengthy and utilize
the processor to provide the most accurate readings. The calculations begin by
subtracting the appropriate electronic offsets from the 7 second count accumulations.
There are three such offsets, one for each of the three settings on the input board. This
software based correction provides excellent cancellation of any electronically induced
offsets and eliminates the need for potentiometer adjustments on the input board.
Following this correction, the raw accumulated counts are scaled according to the gain
setting of the input board.
Next, the uncorrected NO, NOx, and Nt values are determined according to a unique
averaging algorithm which minimizes errors resulting from rapidly changing gas
concentrations. This algorithm results in NO, NOx, and NOt values which are stored in
RAM in a circular buffer that holds all the 10 second data from the previous 5 minutes.
This data is averaged over the selected time interval, which can be any multiple of ten
between 10 and 300.
The background values for NO, NOx, and Nt, which are corrected by the stored calibration
factors and by temperature factor, are subtracted from their respective averages. The NO
reading is corrected by the stored span factor and by the temperature factor. The NOx
reading is partially corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance factor.
The Nt reading is partially corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance
factor.
The corrected NO value is subtracted from the partially corrected NOx value to yield an
uncorrected NO2 value. The NO2 value is then adjusted for converter efficiency to give a
corrected NO2 reading. The corrected NO2 reading is added to the corrected NO reading
to yield a fully corrected NOx value. The corrected NOx value is subtracted from the
partially corrected Nt value to yield an uncorrected NH3 value. The NH3 value is then
adjusted for converter efficiency to give a corrected NH3 reading. Finally, the corrected
NH3 reading is added to the corrected NOx reading to yield a fully corrected Nt value.
8-5
Output Communication
The front panel display and rear panel analog outputs are the chief means of
communicating the results of the above calculations. The display output is coded with 1
representing the NO output, 2 the NO2 output, 3 the NOx output, 4 the NH3 output, and 5
the Nt output. The decimal point on the display automatically shifts in response to
changes in gas concentration. The three analog outputs do vary according to the range.
They are calculated by dividing the data values by the fullscale range for each of the three
parameters and then multiplying each result by 1000. Negative concentrations can be
represented as long as they are within -2.3% of fullscale. This gives numbers between
-23 and 1000, which are used to drive the three, 10-bit digital to analog converters.
SUBASSEMBLIES
Photomultiplier Cooler
The thermoelectric cooler houses the PMT. The PMT is of the multi-alkali type in order
to have the infrared sensitivity required to detect NO2 luminescence. The PMT is cooled
to about -16°C to reduce dark current and increase instrument sensitivity. The cooler is
also controlled at this temperature in order to have increased zero and span stability over
a wide ambient temperature range.
Reaction Chamber
The reaction chamber subassembly is an integral part of the cooler assembly. It is a two-
piece 24-carat gold plated assembly which design allows for ease of cleaning and
maintenance. In this reaction chamber, the sample reacts with ozone, producing excited
NO2 which in turn decays, giving off a photon of energy. The reaction chamber is heated
and controlled to approximately 50°C in order to ensure the greatest instrument stability.
Also housed in the reaction chamber assembly are the sample and ozone flow capillaries
and a thermistor sensor.
NO2-to-NO Converter
The NO2-to NO converter employs molybdenum heated to approximately 325°C in order

to convert and detect NO2. The converter consists of an insulated housing, heater,
replaceable cartridge, and a type K thermocouple sensor.
8-6
CHAPTER 9
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
This chapter describes optional equipment available for the Model 17C.
RACK MOUNTS WITH SLIDES
Rack mounts with slides for standard 19-inch relay racks are available. Figures 9-1 and
9-2 illustrate the installation of the rack mount option. Also available, as Option 209, are
the handle mounting brackets and handles without the rack mounts. It should be noted
that these handles/mounting brackets are for the Model 17C analyzer only, not the
converter module.
Figure 9-1. Rack Mount Option Assembly 93P726
9-1
Chapter 9 Optional Equipment
9-2
Figure 9-2. Model 17C Dimensional Outline

9-3

Figure 9-3. Converter Module Dimensional Outline 74P734
INTERNAL ZERO/SPAN AND SAMPLE VALVES
With the zero/span and sample valve option (Figure 9-4), a source of span gas is
connected to the SPAN port and a source of zero air is connected to the ZERO port. Zero
and span gas should be supplied at atmospheric pressure. It may be necessary to use an
atmospheric dump bypass plumbing arrangement to accomplish this. If this option is
installed, option switch 3 must be on.
For the location of the span and zero ports, and additional information about atmospheric
dump bypass plumbing, refer to Chapter 2, “Installation.” For information about option
switches, refer to Chapter 3, “Operation.”
Use the RUN pushbutton while in the Run screen to manually switch the valves between
sample, zero, and span. The active mode is shown in the lower left-hand corner of the
display as shown below.
Figure 9-4. Zero/Span and Sample Valve Option
NO PPB 1.5
NO2 PPB 0.0
NH3 PPB 0.0
SAMPLE 10:25
Run Screen in Sample Mode
9-4
REMOTE ACTIVATION OF ZERO/SPAN AND SAMPLE VALVES
The rear panel I/O (DB25) connector, shown in Figure 9-5, enables the zero/span and
sample valves to be remotely controlled via contact closure. In addition, the connector
has several instrument status outputs. Option switch 1 must be on and option switch 2 off
in order to enable the remote I/O connector.
Figure 9-5. Rear Panel I/O Connector 64P947-5
Pin Out
(1) Ground (13) NC
(2) NC (14) Ground
(3) NC (15) NC
(4) NC (16) NC
(5) INPUT - Zero Gas (17) NC
(6) Ground (18) INPUT - Span Gas
(7) Relay Common (19) Ground
(8) STATUS - Concentration Alarm (20) Relay Common
(9) STATUS - Local or Remote Mode (21) STATUS - Zero or Span Gas Mode
(10) STATUS - ppm or mg/m3 mode (22) STATUS - Span Gas Mode
(11) STATUS - General Alarm (23) NC
(12) Relay Common (24) STATUS - Sample Gas Mode
(25) Relay Common
9-5
Input Pins
To activate the zero gas mode, connect pin 1, 6, 14, or 19 (ground) to pin 5 (zero gas
mode), as shown in Figure 9-6. To deactivate the zero gas mode, disconnect ground from
the zero gas mode input.
Figure 9-6. Remote I/O Zero Gas Mode Activation 64P947-6
To activate the span gas mode, connect pin 1, 6, 14, or 19 (ground) to pin 18 (span gas
mode), as shown in Figure 9-7. To deactivate the span gas mode, disconnect ground
from the span gas mode input.
Figure 9-7. Remote I/O Span Gas Mode Activation 64P947-7
9-6
INSTRUMENT STATUS OUTPUTS
Several instrument status outputs are available on the rear panel I/O (DB25) connector via reed
relays on the I/O Board. The reed relays are arranged as shown below in Figure 9-8. In the
instrument status output truth tables, each pin is referred to as open or closed (based on the physical
position of the corresponding relay). The Relay Common line is common to each of the relays.
Figure 9-8. Instrument Status Output Relays 74P904
Table 9-1. Instrument Status Output Truth Table

Status Pin Relay Closed Relay Open
Concentration Alarm 8 Alarm No Alarm
Local or Remote Mode 9 Local or Service Mode Remote Mode
3 3
MG/M or PPM Mode 10 mg/m mode ppm mode
General Alarm 11 Alarm No Alarm
Status Pin 21 Pin 22 Pin 24

Sample Gas Mode Active Relay Open Relay Open Relay Closed
Zero Gas Mode Active Relay closed Relay Open Relay Open
Span Gas Mode Active Relay closed Relay Closed Relay Open
9-7
4-20 mA ISOLATED CURRENT OUTPUT

A 4-20 mA Isolated Current Output enables the NO, NO2, and NOx concentrations to be
output at 4-20 mA as shown in Figure 9-9. For information about analog outputs, refer to
Chapter 3, “Operation.”
Ground
NO Analog Output
Ground
NOx Analog Output
Ground
NO2 Analog Output
Ground
NH3 Analog Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
+
- NH3 Current Output
+
- NO2 Current Output
+
- NOx Current Output
+
- NO Current Output
74P902-3
Figure 9-9. Pin-Out of Rear Panel Terminal Strip with Optional Current Output
OZONE PARTICULATE FILTER
The ozone particulate filter minimizes the potential for contamination of the ozonator by
trapping any particulate matter before passing through the ozonator.
9-8
PERMEATION DRYER
With the permeation dryer option, it is not necessary to constantly replenish the ozonator
air drying column as in the standard instrument. The permeation dryer provides a
continuous stream of dry air to the ozonator (using the selective water permeation
characteristics of the dryer), minimizing routine maintenance procedures.
INSTRUMENT HANDLE
An instrument handle is available to aid in carrying the instrument. It also enables the
instrument to be slightly elevated, while resting on a table or bench, to increase visibility
of the display. Figure 9-10 shows the installation of the instrument handle.
93P727
Figure 9-10. Instrument Handle Assembly
9-9
Appendix A
Warranty
Seller warrants that the Products will operate or perform substantially in
conformance with Seller's published specifications and be free from defects
in material and workmanship, when subjected to normal, proper and
intended usage by properly trained personnel, for the period of time set
forth in the product documentation, published specifications or package
inserts. If a period of time is not specified in Seller’s product
documentation, published specifications or package inserts, the warranty
period shall be one (1) year from the date of shipment to Buyer for
equipment and ninety (90) days for all other products (the "Warranty
Period"). Seller agrees during the Warranty Period, to repair or replace, at
Seller's option, defective Products so as to cause the same to operate in
substantial conformance with said published specifications; provided that
(a) Buyer shall promptly notify Seller in writing upon the discovery of any
defect, which notice shall include the product model and serial number (if
applicable) and details of the warranty claim; (b) after Seller’s review, Seller
will provide Buyer with service data and/or a Return Material
Authorization (“RMA”), which may include biohazard decontamination
procedures and other product-specific handling instructions; and (c) then,
if applicable, Buyer may return the defective Products to Seller with all
costs prepaid by Buyer. Replacement parts may be new or refurbished, at
the election of Seller. All replaced parts shall become the property of Seller.
Shipment to Buyer of repaired or replacement Products shall be made in
accordance with the Delivery provisions of the Seller’s Terms and
Conditions of Sale. Consumables, including but not limited to lamps,
fuses, batteries, bulbs and other such expendable items, are expressly
excluded from the warranty under this warranty.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Products supplied by Seller that are
obtained by Seller from an original manufacturer or third party supplier are
not warranted by Seller, but Seller agrees to assign to Buyer any warranty
rights in such Product that Seller may have from the original manufacturer
or third party supplier, to the extent such assignment is allowed by such
original manufacturer or third party supplier.
In no event shall Seller have any obligation to make repairs, replacements
or corrections required, in whole or in part, as the result of (i) normal wear
and tear, (ii) accident, disaster or event of force majeure, (iii) misuse, fault
or negligence of or by Buyer, (iv) use of the Products in a manner for which
Thermo Fisher Scientific Warranty A-1

they were not designed, (v) causes external to the Products such as, but not
limited to, power failure or electrical power surges, (vi) improper storage
and handling of the Products or (vii) use of the Products in combination
with equipment or software not supplied by Seller. If Seller determines
that Products for which Buyer has requested warranty services are not
covered by the warranty hereunder, Buyer shall pay or reimburse Seller for
all costs of investigating and responding to such request at Seller's then
prevailing time and materials rates. If Seller provides repair services or
replacement parts that are not covered by the warranty provided in this
warranty, Buyer shall pay Seller therefor at Seller's then prevailing time and
materials rates. ANY INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR,
SERVICE, RELOCATION OR ALTERATION TO OR OF, OR
OTHER TAMPERING WITH, THE PRODUCTS PERFORMED BY
ANY PERSON OR ENTITY OTHER THAN SELLER WITHOUT
SELLER'S PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL, OR ANY USE OF
REPLACEMENT PARTS NOT SUPPLIED BY SELLER, SHALL
IMMEDIATELY VOID AND CANCEL ALL WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE AFFECTED PRODUCTS.
THE OBLIGATIONS CREATED BY THIS WARRANTY
STATEMENT TO REPAIR OR REPLACE A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT
SHALL BE THE SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER IN THE EVENT OF A
DEFECTIVE PRODUCT. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN
THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT, SELLER DISCLAIMS ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ORAL
OR WRITTEN, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS,
INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SELLER DOES NOT WARRANT THAT
THE PRODUCTS ARE ERROR-FREE OR WILL ACCOMPLISH
ANY PARTICULAR RESULT.
A-2 Warranty Thermo Fisher Scientific

APPENDIX B
RS-232/485 COMMANDS
The RS-232/485 interface enables the analyzer to be remotely controlled by a host remote
device such as, a PC, PLC, or datalogger.
CONNECTIONS
On the rear panel of the analyzer there are two male DB9 connectors. Both connectors
are identical, so either can be connected to the remote device. The remaining connector
can be used to connect a second analyzer. Using a daisy-chain configuration, several
analyzers can be connected to one remote device.
A null modem (crossed) cable is required when connecting the analyzer to an IBM
Compatible PC. However, a straight cable (one to one) may be required when connecting
the analyzer to other host remote devices. As a general rule, when the connector of the
host remote device is female, a straight cable is required and when the connector is male,
a null modem cable is required.
DATA FORMAT
1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 baud
8 data bits
1 stop bit
no parity
All responses are terminated with a carriage return (hex 0D)
INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

Each command sent to the analyzer must begin with the ASCII symbol or byte value
equivalent of the instrument's identification number plus 128. For example, if the
instrument ID is set to 25, then each command must begin with the ACSII symbol (Ö) or
byte value equivalent to decimal 153. The analyzer ignores any command that does not
begin with its instrument identification number.
B-1
Appendix B RS-232/485 Commands
COMMANDS
The analyzer must be in the remote mode in order to change instrument parameters
remotely. However, the command "set mode remote" can be sent to the analyzer to put it
in the remote mode. Report commands are issued either in the remote or local mode.
The Commands are sent in either uppercase or lowercase characters. In the examples
below, only the characters between the quotation marks (" ") are sent and received. If an
incorrect command is sent, a "bad cmd" message is received. The example below sends
the incorrect command "set time avg" instead of the correct "set avg time".
Send: "set time avg"

Receive: "set time avg bad cmd"
no
no2
nox
nh3
nt
These commands report the current NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt readings. The example
below reports that the current NO reading is 40 ppb.
Send: "no"
Receive: "no 0040E+0 ppb"
B-2
gas mode
This command reports the current mode of sample, zero, or span. The example below
reports that the gas mode is sample.
Send: "gas mode"

Receive: "gas mode sample"
set sample
This command sets the valves to the sample mode. The example below sets the
instrument to sample mode.
Send: "set sample"

Receive: "set sample ok"
set zero
This command sets the valves to zero mode. The example sets the instrument in the
zero mode.
Send: "set zero"

Receive: "set zero ok"
set span
This command sets the valves to the span mode. The example below sets the instrument
to the span mode.
Send: "set span"

Receive: "set span ok"
B-3
set gas d
d = 0 (sample)
d = 1 (zero)
d = 2 (span)
This command sets the valves to sample, zero, or span mode. The example below sets the
instrument to sample mode. To report the current gas mode, use the “gas mode” report
command.
Send: "set gas 0"

Receive: "set gas 0 ok”
mode
This command reports the current operating mode of the instrument: local or remote. The
example below shows that the instrument is in the remote mode.
Send: "mode"
Receive: "mode remote"
set mode local

set mode remote
These commands set the instrument to local or remote mode. The example below sets the
instrument to the local mode.
Send: "set mode local"

Receive: "set mode local ok"
gas unit
This command reports the current gas units (ppb, ppm, µg/m3, or mg/m3). The example
reports that the gas unit is set to ppb.
Send: "gas unit"

Receive: "gas unit ppb"
B-4
set gas unit
unit = | ppb | ppm | ug/m3 | mg/m3 |
This command sets the gas units to ppb, ppm, µg/m3, or mg/m3. The example below sets
3
the gas units ug/m .
Send: "set gas unit ug/m3"

Receive: "set gas unit ug/m3 ok"
set gu d
d = 0 (ppb)
d = 1 (ppm)
d = 2 (ug/m3)
d = 3 (mg/m3)
This command sets the gas units to ppb, ppm, µg/m3, or mg/m3. The example below sets
3
the gas units µg/m . To report the current gas units, use the “gas units” report command.
Send: "set gu 2"

Receive: "set gu 2 ok"
range no
range no2
range nox
range nh3
range nt
These commands report the current NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt ranges. The example
below reports that the NO range is set to 50 ppb.
Send: "range no"

Receive: "range no 0: 5000E-2 ppb"
B-5
set range no d
set range no2 d
set range nox d
set range nh3 d
set range nt d
d = Code from Table B-1
These commands set the NO, NO2, NOx, and NH3 fullscale ranges according to the codes
from Table B-1. The example below sets the NOx fullscale range to 200 ppb.
Send: "set range nox 2"

Receive: "set range nox 2 ok
low range no
low range no2
low range nox
low range nh3
low range nt
These commands report the current NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt low ranges. The
example below reports that the NO low range is set to 50 ppb.
Send: " low range no"

Receive: " low range no 0: 5000E-2 ppb"
set low range no d

set low range no2 d
set low range nox d
set low range nh3 d
set low range nt d
These commands set the NO, NO2, NOx, and NH3 fullscale low ranges according to the
codes in Table B-1. The example below sets the NOx fullscale low range to 200 ppb.
Send: "set low range nox 2"

Receive: "set low range nox 2 ok
B-6
Table B-1. Standard and Extended Ranges
These tables include the various corresponding codes used when setting the standard and
extended ranges.
Standard Ranges Extended Ranges

3 3
Code ppb µg/m Code ppb µg/m
0 50 100 0 200 500
1 100 200 1 500 1000
2 200 500 2 1000 2000
3 500 1000 3 2000 5000
4 1000 2000 4 5000 10000
5 2000 5000 5 10000 20000
6 5000 10000 6 20000 50000
7 10000 20000 7 50000 100000
8 20000 30000 8 100000 150000
9 C1 C1 9 C1 C1
10 C2 C2 10 C2 C2
11 C3 C3 11 C3 C3
B-7
custom d
d=|1|2|3|
This command reports the value of custom range 1, 2, or 3. The example below reports
that custom range 1 is defined to 55.0 ppb.
Send: "custom 1"

Receive: "custom 1 5500E-2 ppb"
set custom 1 range ddddd.d

These commands set the three custom ranges. The example below defines custom range
1 to 55.5 ppb.
Send: "set custom 1 range 55.5"

Receive: "set custom 1 range 55.5 ok"
avg time
When the instrument is in Single Range mode, this command reports the averaging time.
The following example reports that the averaging time is set to 60 seconds.
Send: "avg time"

Receive: "avg time 60 sec"
set avg time d
When the instrument is in Single Range mode, this command sets the averaging time
according to the codes in Table B-2. The example below sets the averaging time to 90
seconds.
Send: "set avg time 7"

Receive: "set avg time 7 ok"
B-8
avg 1 time
avg 2 time
When the instrument is in Dual Range mode, this command reports the averaging time
for either the high (1) or low (2) range. The following example reports that the averaging
time for the high range is set to 60 seconds.
Send: "avg 1 time"

Receive: "avg 1 time 60 sec"
set avg 1 time d

set avg 2 time d
When the instrument is in Dual Range mode, this command sets the averaging time for
either the high (1) or low (2) range, according to the codes in Table B-2. The example
below sets the averaging time for the high range to 90 seconds.
Send: "set avg 1 time 7"

Receive: "set avg 1 time 7 ok"
B-9
Table B-2. Auto/Manual Mode
These tables include the codes used when setting the averaging times for the NO, NOx,
Nt, or NO/NOx/Nt modes.
NO, NOx, or Nt modes NO/NOx/Nt mode

Code Averaging time Code Averaging time
(seconds) (seconds)
0 1.0 3 10
1 2.0 4 20
2 5.0 5 30
3 10 6 60
4 20 7 90
5 30 8 120
6 60 9 180
7 90 10 240
8 120 11 300
9 180
10 240
11 300
B-10
bkg no
bkg nox
bkg nt
These commands report the current NO, NOx, and Nt backgrounds. The example below
reports that the NO background is 0.5 ppb.
Send: "bkg no"

Receive: "bkg no 0.5 ppb"
set bkg no dddd.d

set bkg nox dddd.d
set bkg nt dddd.d
These commands set the NO, NOx, and Nt background values. The example below sets
the NO background to 0.5 ppb.
Send: "set bkg no 0.5"

Receive: "set bkg no 0.5 ok"
set cal bkg no

set cal bkg nox
set cal bkg nt
These commands trigger the automatic background calculation for NO, NOx, and Nt. The
example below performs an automatic calculation of the NO background.
Send: "set cal bkg no"

Receive: "set cal bkg no ok"
B-11
no coef
nox coef
no2 coef 1
no2 coef 2
nt coef
nh3 coef
These commands report the current NO, NOx, NO2, Nt, and NH3 coefficients. The
example below reports that the NO coefficient is 1.005.
Send: "no coef"

Receive: "no coef 1.005"
set coef no d.ddd

set coef nox d.ddd
set coef 1 no2 d.ddd
set coef 2 no2 d.ddd
set coef nt d.ddd
set coef nh3 d.ddd
These commands set the NO, NOx, Nt, NH3, and two NO2 coefficients. The example
below sets the NO coefficient to 1.005.
Send: "set coef no 1.005"

Receive: "set coef no 1.005 ok"
no cal gas
no2 cal gas
nox cal gas
nh3 cal gas
nt cal gas
These commands report the NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt calibration gas. The example
below reports that the current NO calibration gas is 40 ppb.
Send: "no cal gas"

Receive: "no cal gas 0040E+0 ppb"
B-12
set cal gas no ddddd.d

set cal gas no2 ddddd.d
set cal gas nox ddddd.d
set cal gas nh3 ddddd.d
set cal gas nt ddddd.d
These commands set the NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, and Nt calibration gas concentrations in
ppb. The example below sets the NO calibration gas to 810.0 ppb.
Send: "set cal gas no 810.0 "

Receive: "set cal gas no 810.0 ok"
set cal coef no

set cal coef nox
set cal coef 1 no2
set cal coef 2 no2
set cal coef nt
set cal coef nh3
These commands trigger the automatic calculation of a specific coefficient (NO, NOx, Nt,
NH3, or two NO2), as defined in the set command. The example below triggers the
automatic calculation of the NO coefficient.
Send: "set cal coef no"

Receive: "set cal coef no ok"
ozonator status
This reports the status of the ozonator: on or off. The example below reports that the
ozonator is off.
Send: "ozonator status"

Receive: "ozonator status off"
set ozonator on
set ozonator off
These commands turn the ozonator on and off. The example below turns the ozonator
off.
Send: "set ozonator off"

Receive: "set ozonator off ok"
B-13
pmt status
This reports the status of the PMT: on or off. The example below reports that the PMT is
on.
Send: "pmt status"

Receive: "pmt status on"
set pmt supply on

set pmt supply off
These commands turn the PMT on and off. The example below turns the PMT off.
Send: "set pmt supply off"

Receive: "set pmt supply off ok"
meas mode
This command reports the active measurement mode (NO, NOx, Nt, or NO/NOx/Nt). The
example below reports that the instrument is operating in NO mode.
Send: "meas mode"

Receive: "meas mode no"
set meas mode mode
mode = | no | nox | nt | or | no/nox/nt |
This command sets the instrument to the NO mode, NOx mode, Nt mode, or the
NO/NOx/Nt, mode. The example below sets the instrument to the NO mode.
Send: "set meas mode no"

Receive: "set meas mode no ok"
B-14
temp comp
This command reports whether the temperature compensation is on or off. The example
below shows that the temperature compensation is off.
Send: "temp comp"

Receive: "temp comp off"
set temp comp on

set temp comp off
These commands turn the temperature compensation on and off. The example below
turns the temperature compensation off.
Send: "set temp comp off"

Receive: "set temp comp off ok"
set tc d
d = 0 (off)
d = 1 (on)
This command turns the temperature compensation on and off. The example below turns
temperature compensation off. To report the current temperature compensation, use the
“temp comp” report command.
Send: "set tc 0"

Receive: "set tc 0 ok”
pres comp
This command reports whether the pressure compensation is on or off. The example
below shows that the pressure compensation is on.
Send: "pres comp"

Receive: "pres comp on"
B-15
set pres comp on

set pres comp off
These commands turn the pressure compensation on and off. The example below turns
the pressure compensation off.
Send: "set pres comp off"

Receive: "set pres comp off ok"
set pc d
d = 0 (off)
d = 1 (on)
This command turns the pressure compensation on and off. The example below turns
pressure compensation off. To report the current pressure compensation, use the “pres
comp” report command.
Send: "set pc 0"

Receive: "set pc 0 ok”
time
This command reports the current time (24-hour). The example below reports that the
internal time is 2:15:30 pm.
Send: "time"
Receive: "time 14:15:30"
set time hh:mm:ss
hh = hours
mm = minutes
ss = seconds
This command sets the internal clock (24-hour). The example below sets the internal
time to 2:15 pm. Note that if seconds are omitted, the seconds default to 00.
Send: "set time 14:15"

Receive: "set time 14:15 ok"
B-16
date
This command reports the current date. The example below reports the date as January 1,
2002.
Send: "date"
Receive: "date 01-01-02"
set date mm-dd-yy
mm = month
dd = day
yy = year
This command sets the internal date. The example below sets the internal date to
December 1, 1996.
Send: "set date 12-01-96"

Receive: "set date 12-01-96 ok"
pmt voltage
This reports the current PMT voltage. The example below reports that the current PMT
voltage is -818 volts.
Send: "pmt voltage"

Receive: "pmt voltage –818 v”
internal temp
This command reports the current internal instrument temperature. The first temperature
reading is the temperature being used in calculating the temperature correction factor.
The second temperature is the actual temperature being measured. If temperature
compensation is on, then both temperature readings are the same. If temperature
compensation is off, a temperature of 30°C is used as the default temperature even though
the actual internal temperature is 27.2°C. The example below shows that temperature
compensation is on and that the internal temperature is 27.2°C.
Send: "internal temp"

Receive: "internal temp 27.2 deg C, actual 27.2"
B-17
react temp
This command reports the current reaction chamber temperature. The example below
reports that the current reaction chamber temperature is 49.9°C.
Send: "react temp"

Receive: "react temp 49.9 deg C"
capillary temp
This command reports the current capillary chamber temperature. The example below
reports that the current capillary chamber temperature is 49.9°C.
Send: "capillary temp"

Receive: "capillary temp 49.9 deg C"
no2 conv temp
This command reports the current NO2 converter temperature. The example below
reports that the current NO2 converter temperature is 325°C.
Send: "no2 conv temp"

Receive: "no2 conv temp 325 deg C"
nh3 conv temp
This command reports the current NH3 converter temperature. The example below
reports that the current converter temperature is 775°C.
Send: "nh3 conv temp"

Receive: "nh3 conv temp 775 deg C"
cooler temp
This command reports the temperature of the PMT cooler. The example below reports
that the PMT cooler temperature is -7.5°C.
Send: "cooler temp"

Receive: "cooler temp -7.5 deg C"
B-18
pres
This command reports the current reaction chamber pressure. The first pressure reading
is the pressure reading being used in calculating the pressure correction factor. The
second pressure is the actual pressure reading being measured. If pressure compensation
is on, then both pressure readings are the same. If pressure compensation is off, a
pressure of 100 mm Hg is used as the default pressure even though the actual pressure is
105.2 mm Hg. The example below shows that actual reaction chamber pressure is 105.2
mm Hg.
Send: "pres"
Receive: "pres 100.0 mm Hg, actual 105.2"
sample flow
This command reports the current sample flow. The example below reports that the
current sample flow is 0.400 liters/minute.
Send: "sample flow"

Receive: "sample flow 0.400 l/m"
ozonator flow
When the current ozonator flow is equal to or greater than 0.050 l/m, this command
reports the current ozonator flow. The example below reports that the current ozonator
flow is 0.050 liters/minute.
Send: "ozonator flow"

Receive: "ozonator flow 0.050 l/m"
option switches
This command reports the status (on/off) of the 8 option switches. For example, a return
of 10100000, means that option switches 1 and 3 are on and the others are off (see the
Model 17C manual for option switch designation). The example below shows that only
option switches 1 and 3 are on.
Send: "option switches"

Receive: "option switches 10100000"
B-19
program no
This command reports the analyzer's program number and the Link (communications)
program number. The example below shows that the installed processor program is 17C
020000P and the installed communication program (link) is 17C 020000L.
Send: "program no"

Receive: "program no processor 17C 020000P link 17C 020000L"
set save params or save
These commands store parameters in the EEPROM. Each time the instrument parameters
are changed, a command must be sent to save them. If changes are not saved, they will be
lost in the event of a power failure. Both examples save the parameters to EEPROM.
Send: "set save params" Send: "save"

Receive: "set save params ok" Receive: "save ok"
screen or sc
This command reports the information currently being displayed on the instrument's front
panel display. The following example shows a typical response to this command.
Send: "screen"
Receive: "NO PPB 40.0"
"NO2 PPB 29.5"
"NH3 PPB 69.5"
"SAMPLE 14:25 REMOTE"
bright
This command reports the screen’s level of brightness. The following example shows a
typical response to this command.
Send: "bright"
Receive: " bright 100%"
B-20
set bright d
d = 0 (25%)
d = 1 (50%)
d = 2 (75%)
d = 3 (100%)
This command sets the screen’s level of brightness 0, 1, 2, or 3. The example below sets
the brightness to 75%.
Send: "set bright 2"

Receive: "set bright 2 ok”
bat
This command reports the current voltage of the battery. The following example shows a
typical response to this command.
Send: "bat"
Receive: "bat 3.1 volts”
push button
button = | run | menu | enter | help | up | down | left | right |
This command is used to simulate pressing the Model 17C front panel pushbuttons. In
the example below, the push command is used in conjunction with the screen command
to view the Main Menu. Note that the instrument is in the Run screen initially.
Send: "push menu"

Receive: "push menu ok"
Send: "screen"
Receive: "MAIN MENU: 10:25"
">RANGE "
" AVERAGING TIME "
" CALIBRATION FACTORS "
B-21
format
This command reports the current reply termination format as shown below. For the
reply termination codes, refer to the set format command:
Send: "format"
Receive: "format 00"
set format dd
dd = | 00 | 01 |
This command sets the reply termination format.
Code Reply Termination

00 <CR>
01 <nl> sum xxxx <CR>
Where: xxxx = hexadecimal number that represents the sum of all the characters in the
message.
flags
This command reports 8 hexadecimal digits or flags. To decode the flags, each
hexadecimal digit is converted to binary, as shown in the Figure B-1. It is the binary
digits that define the status of each parameter. In the example below, the instrument is
reporting that the ozonator and PMT are both on, that the instrument is in the span gas
mode, and that the NO2 high concentration alarm is activated.
Send: "flags"
Receive: "flags 50001640"
B-22
.
B-23

Figure B-1. Flag Status Logo Translator
Records
There are two types of records that can be stored: long records (lrec) and short (srec)
records. In addition, there is dynamic data (erec) that is constantly updated during the
operation of the instrument.
Both long and short records contain the time, date, flags, and concentrations; long records
also contain a set of diagnostic parameters. The memory used to store data is organized
in 15 blocks. Each block contains 8192 bytes.
set lrec blocks dd
dd = 0 to 15
This command sets the number of blocks to be used for saving long records. 15 minus dd
equals the number of blocks to be used to save short records. To calculate the number of
records per block, use the lrec mem size and srec mem size commands. The example
below reserves 10 blocks for long records, and 5 blocks (15 – 10 = 5) for short records.
Send: "set lrec blocks 10"

Receive: "set lrec blocks 10 ok"
lrec mem size
This command reports the maximum number of long records that can be stored with the
current settings and the number of blocks reserved for long records. To calculate the
number of long records per block, add 2 to the number of records, and then divide by the
number of blocks. In the example below, the number of records per block equals 204.
Send: "lrec mem size"

Receive: "lrec mem size 2038 recs, 10 blocks"
srec mem size
This command reports the maximum number of short records that can be stored with the
current settings and the number of blocks reserved for short records. To calculate the
number of short records per block, add 2 to the number of records, and then divide by the
number of blocks. In the example below, the number of records per block equals 409.
Send: "srec mem size"

Receive: "srec mem size 2043 recs, 5 blocks"
B-24
no of lrec
This command reports the number of long records collected. The following example
shows a typical response to this command.
Send: "no of lrec"

Receive: "no of lrec 852 recs"
no of srec
This command reports the number of short records collected. The following example
shows a typical response to this command.
Send: "no of srec"

Receive: "no of srec 1265 recs"
set clr records
This command clears all short and long records stored.
Send: "set clr records"

Receive: "set clr records ok"
srec per
This command reports the srec logging period.
Send: "srec per"

Receive: "srec per 5 min"
set srec per dd
dd =  1  5  15  30  60 
This command sets the srec logging period to every dd minutes.
Send: "set srec per 15"

Receive: "set srec per 15 ok"
B-25
lrec per
This command reports the lrec logging period.
Send: "lrec per"

Receive: "lrec per 5 min"
set lrec per dd
dd =  1  5  15  30  60 
This command sets the lrec logging period to every dd minutes.
Send: "set lrec per 15"

Receive: "set lrec per 15 ok"
B-26
Record Formats
Long and short records, and dynamic data can be output in various formats such as ASCII
without text, ASCII with text, or binary. The following commands report and set the
current output format for long (lrec) and short records (srec), and dynamic data (erec).
Records can be output in the following ways:
Set/Reply Output Format

0 ASCII no text
1 ASCII with text
2 binary data
lrec format
srec format
erec format
These commands report the output format for long and short records, and dynamic data.
The following example shows that the output format for long records is ASCII with text.
Send: "lrec format"

Receive: "lrec format 01"
set lrec format f

set srec format x
set erec format y
f =  0  12
x =  0  12 For settings, refer to the output format shown above.
y =  0  12
These commands set the output format. The following example sets the lrec output
format to ASCII with text.
Send: "set lrec format 1"

Receive: "set lrec format 01 ok"
B-27
lrec
srec
lrec xxxx yy
srec xxxx yy
lrec aa:bb oo-pp-qq yy
srec aa:bb oo-pp-qq yy
xxxx = the number of past records

yy = the number of records to return (1 to 10)
aa = hours (01 to 24, military time)
bb = minutes (00 to 59)
oo = month (01 to 12)
pp = day (01 to 31)
qq = year (enter "00" for the year 2000)
These commands output long or short records. The output format is determined by the
set lrec format and set srec format commands. The logging time is determined by the set
lrec per and set srec per commands.
In the following example, there are 740 long records currently stored in memory. When
the command lrec 100 5 is sent, the instrument counts back 100 records from the last
record collected (record 740), and then returns 5 records: 640, 641, 642, 643, and 644.
Send: "lrec 100 5"

Receive:
Record 640: "10:15 12-28 flags cc000000 no 5150E+0 no2 2560E+0 nox 7710E+0 nh3
0000E-9 nt 7710E+0 pmtv -0734 pmtt -02.5 intt 30.1 cptt 49.9 rctt 49.9 no2
cnvt 325 nh3 cnvt 775 safl 1.310 ozfl 0.120 pres 309.9
Record 641: 10:20 12-28 flags cc000000 no 5150E+0 no2 2560E+0 nox 7710E+0 nh3
cnvt 325 nh3 cnvt 775 safl 1.310 ozfl 0.120 pres 309.9"
B-28
where:
pmtv = PMT Voltage

pmtt = PMT Temperature
intt = Internal Temperature
cptt = Capillary Chamber Temperature
rctt = Reaction Chamber Temperature
no2 cnvt = NO2 Converter Temperature
nh3 cnvt = NH3 Converter Temperature
safl = Sample Flow
ozfl = Ozonator Flow
pres = Pressure
lrxy
x=|0|1| : Reply termination format (see “set format dd” command)

y = | 0 | 1| 2| : Output format (see “set lrec format f” command)
This command reports the last long record stored. In the example below, the command
requests a long record with no checksum, in ASCII format with text.
Send: "lr01"
Receive: "07:58 02-10-02 flags 9C008000 no 7738E-4 nox 7641E-4 nt 6705E-4
pmtv 0 intt 29.8 rctt 50.7 capt 0.0 pmtt -1.0 no2t 315 nh3t 0 pres 188.4
smpfl 0.594 ozofl 0.000"
srxy

y = | 0 | 1| 2| : Output format (see “set srec format x” command)
This command reports the last short record stored. In the example below, the command
requests a short record with no checksum, in ASCII format with text.
Send: "sr01"
Receive: "08:13 02-10-02 flags 9C008000 no 6623E-4 nox 6554E-4 nt 6625E-
B-29
erxy

y = | 0 | 1| 2| : Output format (see “set erec format y” command)
This command reports dynamic data. In the example below, the command requests the
data with no checksum, in ASCII format with text.
Send: "er01"
Receive: "08:25 02-10-02 flags 8C008000 no 0.7 1 nox 0.7 1 nt 0.7 1 pmtv -619
pres 188.3 # of al_termper0 # of al_flow 1 avgt1 20 avgt2 10 nobkg
0.0 noxbkg 0.0 ntbkg 0.0 no coef 1.000 NOx coef 1.000 Nt coef 1.000
NO2 coef1 1.000 NO2 coef2 1.000 NH3 coef 1.000 norange 2000 low
no range 50.0 nox range 2000 low nox range 50.0 nt range 1000 low nt
range 50.0 NO2 range 1000 low no2 range 100 NH3 range 100 low
nh3 range 50.0"
set baud rate
rate = | 1200 | 2400 | 4800 | 9600 |
This command sets the instrument baud rate. After the command is sent, the baud rate of
the sending device must be changed to agree with the instrument. The example below
sets the instrument's baud rate to 9600. Thermo Environmental Instruments recommends
that you use a baud rate of 9600 when operating this instrument.
Send: "set baud 9600"

Receive: "set baud 9600 ok"
B-30
APPENDIX C
SCHEMATICS
This appendix contains the schematics for the standard and optional printed
circuit boards contained in the Model 17C. Always turn off the instrument and
unplug the power cord before removing any printed circuit board. For more
information about appropriate safety precautions, refer to Chapter 7,
“Servicing.” A description of each board can be found in Chapter 8, “Theory of
Operation.”
C Board Schematic No. Part No. Page

Motherboard 64P943 9827 C-2
Pushbutton Board 1 93P906 9950 C-3
Pushbutton Board 2 93P906 9952 C-3
Processor Board 93P907 9837 C-4
Analog/Digital Board 64P946 9841 C-5
Digital/Analog Board 93P908 9839 C-6
Power Supply Board 64P942 10831 C-7
Ozonator Board 64P944 9946 C-8
Input Board 64P941 9948 C-9
Temperature Control Board 64P945 9940 C-10
C-Link Board 93P914 9843 C-11
4-20 mA Output Board (optional) 93P912 9954 C-12
Input/Output Board (optional) 93P913 9956 C-13
Rear Connector Interface Board 93P915 9904 C-14
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11
C-12
C-13
C-14

Model17C NH3

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Model 17C

Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Thermo Fisher Scientific WEEE Compliance

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1-1

Principle of Operation...................................................................................................... 1-1

CHAPTER 3 OPERATION ...............................................................................3-1

Display ............................................................................................................................. 3-1

CHAPTER 4 CALIBRATION ............................................................................4-1

Zero Gas Generator.......................................................................................................... 4-1

CHAPTER 5 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...................................................5-1

Spare Parts ....................................................................................................................... 5-1

CHAPTER 6 TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................6-1

Troubleshooting Guide .................................................................................................... 6-1

Safety Precautions............................................................................................................ 7-1

CHAPTER 8 THEORY OF OPERATION..........................................................8-1

CHAPTER 9 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT ............................................................9-1

Rack Mounts with Slides ................................................................................................. 9-1

APPENDIX A WARRANTY.............................................................................. A-1

APPENDIX B RS-232/485 COMMANDS......................................................... B-1

APPENDIX C SCHEMATICS .......................................................................... C-1

1-1 Model 17C Flow Schematic................................................................................. 1-2

3-1 Front Panel Pushbuttons ...................................................................................... 3-1

7-1 Properly Grounded Anti-Static Wrist Strap ......................................................... 7-1

9-1 Rack Mount Option Assembly............................................................................. 9-1

B-1 Flag Status-17C..................................................................................................B-20

2-1 Recommended Shielded Cables........................................................................... 2-4

3-1 Standard Ranges................................................................................................. 3-14

5-1 Recommended Spare Parts .................................................................................. 5-1

7-1 Replacement Parts................................................................................................ 7-2

9-1 Instrument Status Output Truth Table ................................................................. 9-7

• Multi-line alphanumeric display

Thermo Environmental Instruments is pleased to supply this chemiluminescence NH3

Figure 1-1. Model 17C Flow Schematic

Zero Noise 0.5 ppb RMS (120 second averaging time)

Lower Detectable Limit 1 ppb

Zero Drift (24-hour) 1 ppb

Span Drift (24-hour) 1% full scale

Response Time (0 – 90%) 120 Seconds (10 second averaging time)

Linearity 1% full scale

Sample Flow Rate 600 cc/min.

Power Requirements 90 -110 VAC @ 50/60 Hz

Physical Dimensions 16.75 (W) X 8.62 (H) X 23 (D) Analyzer

Weight 60 lbs. (Analyzer Module - including external pump)

Outputs NO, NO2, NH3, and NOx,

Any alteration, modification, or republication of this instruction manual or any alteration or

NOTE: Gas must be delivered to the instrument at atmospheric pressure. It may

Figure 2-2. Atmospheric Dump Bypass Plumbing 57P753

Figure 2-3. Twin-Head Vacuum Pump Installation 64P7113

Analog Output Cover Installation

Table 2-1-Recommended Shielded Cables

The following tools are required:

Figure 2-4. Shielded Cable with Shielding Pulled Back

Follow the procedure below to prepare the shielded cable:

1. Remove about 1.8 cm of insulation from the cable.

Figure 2-5. Exploded View of Analog Output Cover Installation

Figure 2-6. Properly Installed Shield Cable

Part No. Description Qty.

7592 Analog output cover 1

4. Set instrument parameters such as operating ranges and averaging times to