PCR 115 S
PCR 115 S
PCR 115 S
MCQ3: Failure to make sacrifices results in the ___ of conflict once the initial
efforts at resolution fails
Answer: intensification
MCQ4: _______ lays down the minimum protection and standards applicable to
situations where people are most vulnerable in armed conflict
Answer: International Humanitarian law
MCQ5: With what means do you understand the other party's objectives
Answer: Negotiation
MCQ6: The Oslo Accords in 1993 was achieved through _______ strategy
Answer: Communication-facilitation strategies
MCQ13: Conflict management correctly assumes that conflicts are ____processes that
often cannot be quickly resolved.
Answer: Long term
MCQ14: Social conflict is a natural occurrence between humans who are involved in
_____
Answer: relationships
MCQ15: Which of these factors may not pose a serious constraint on any mediation
effort?
Answer: Resources and persistence
MCQ16: International Humanitarian Law lays down the minimum protection and
standards applicable to situations where people are most _____ in armed conflict.
Answer: Vulnerable
MCQ17: Which model of conflict handling suggests that the destructive consequences
of a conflict can be modified or transformed so that self-images, relationships,
and social structures improve as a result of conflict instead of being harmed by
it.
Answer: Conflict transformation
MCQ21: Strategies that could be used for conflict resolution include conciliation,
mediation, arbitration and _____
Answer: litigation
MCQ24: The conciliator usually has no authority to seek evidence or call ___
Answer: witness
MCQ25: _______ is the body of customary and conventional rules or moral code of
states which are considered legally binding by civilized states in their
intercourse with each other
Answer: International Law
MCQ27: Facilitation and _______ strategies are the most powerful form of
intervention
Answer: Relational
MCQ29: Women have successfully formed their own political party and raised the
profile of women in politics in __________
Answer: Northern Ireland
MCQ31: Find some middle ground and "work out an agreement to a conflict is
Answer: compromise
MCQ34: In which country did the government and the UNITA rebels provided 13
separate amnesties for each other
Answer: Angola
MCQ35: When conflict parties are tired of hostilities and seek solution to a
conflict, it is said to be
Answer: De-escalating
MCQ36: Women have successfully formed their own political party and raised the
profile of women in politics in __________
Answer: Northern Ireland
MCQ37: The third party is also a skill of resolving conflict it is focused on the
manner in which small groups resolve conflicts, problem-solving discussion between
unofficial representative of parties’ communities, state or groups engaged in
protracted social conflict
Answer: consultation
MCQ38: _____ is a process in which a neutral third party assists two or more
parties in order to help them negotiate an agreement on a matter of common interest
Answer: Mediation
MCQ39: Towards the end of the 20th Century there was genocide in Rwanda and ___ in
these African civil wars
Answer: Burundi
MCQ41: Choose the one that does not belong to the three main strategies or
techniques being used by mediators to intervene in a conflict situation
Answer: Directive strategies
MCQ43: All but one of the following are essentials elements to be found in a
complete conflict prevention planning and decision cycle as espoused by Michael
Lund
Answer: Extraction of information by force
MCQ44: All but one of the following organisations is not international one
Answer: NUT
MCQ45: Through the instrumentalities of the_____, at least, the voices of women can
now be heard of what they went through (for those who can tell the story), and how
they will like to be compensated ( not that compensation will heal the wounds)
during wars
Answer: International Human Rights Tribunals
MCQ46: The four Geneva Conventions of ___ and their additional protocols of 1977
contain many children
Answer: 1979
FBQ1: Conflict resolution requires identifying the ____ factors behind the
conflict, and finding ways to deal with them.
Answer: Causal
FBQ2: The underlying causes of conflict are embedded in the institutional structure
of ____
Answer: Society
FBQ5: The two most basic orientations when people enter into negotiations are ____
and competitive
Answer: Cooperative
FBQ8: The resources required for mediating conflicts are resources, persistence,
experience and ______
Answer: Commitment
FBQ9: Good ___________ demands that both parties take turns in speaking and
listening.
Answer: Communication
FBQ12: Mediation is likely to be more successful when parties appear most amenable
to_____
Answer: Change
FBQ14: ______ is a process whereby the parties to a dispute agree to utilize the
services of a conciliator
Answer: conciliation
FBQ16: Michael ____ outlines the five essential elements to be found in a complete
conflict prevention planning and decision cycle.
Answer: Lund
FBQ19: Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform" was conceived in the
year ____
Answer: 1997
FBQ20: _________ is the body of customary and conventional rules or moral code of
states which are considered legally binding by civilized states in their
intercourse with each other
Answer: International Law
FBQ22: _____ is informal dispute resolution processes in which parties meet with a
professional third party who helps them resolve their dispute in a way that is less
formal and often more consensual than is done in the courts
Answer: arbitration
FBQ23: Arbitration and _______ are now being used to settle employee/employer
industrial dispute that often seem intractable
Answer: Mediation
FBQ24: ADR processes are based on an integrative approach and are morecooperative
and less ____ than adversarial court-based methods like litigation.
Answer: competitive
FBQ25: The _______ element of Early Warning System entails sharing the gathered
information
Answer: Second
FBQ28: Ellery C. Stowell in his writing in the year _____ defined “International
Law” as embodying certain rules relating to human relations throughout the world,
which are generally observed by mankind and enforced primacy through the agency of
the government of the independent community into which humanity is divided
Answer: 1931
FBQ31: International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes is the most
important organ under the -------------
Answer: World Trade Organization dispute settlement
FBQ32: Conflict ______ is a conflict handling style that compels the disputing
parties to be directed or controlled.
Answer: management
FBQ33: Three sources of international law are treaties, _____ and general
principles of law.
Answer: custom
FBQ36: Generally, from the perspective of Standard International Law, the rape of
women is considered an act of ___
Answer: torture
FBQ39: The experience has been that whereas women and ___ suffer most during wars
Answer: children
FBQ40: Throughout history, men have designed Constitutions and women have been ____
Answer: invincible
FBQ42: “Women, War, and Peace,” an independent experts’ assessment” was written
by Elisabeth Rehn and Ellen John Sir ___
Answer: Leaf
FBQ43: From 1995 to ___, Angola was the site of the world’s largest UNpeacekeeping
operation
Answer: 1998
FBQ44: __________is one of the key causes of the changes that occur during
negotiation.
Answer: Mutual adjustment
FBQ45: __________ build/s trust with the parties by ensuring that the parties
understand the mediation process
Answer: Mediators
FBQ47: Under President __ of the United States, women’s issues were given a place
at the top of the agenda in the efforts in Afghanistan as the full participation of
women at the political conference in Bonn.
Answer: Bush