PCR 115 S

Download as txt, pdf, or txt
Download as txt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 7

MCQ1: The Early Warming Systems (EWS) entail

Answer: All of the options

MCQ2: A competitive approach to conflict resolution between parties is generally


considered ___.
Answer: destructive

MCQ3: Failure to make sacrifices results in the ___ of conflict once the initial
efforts at resolution fails
Answer: intensification

MCQ4: _______ lays down the minimum protection and standards applicable to
situations where people are most vulnerable in armed conflict
Answer: International Humanitarian law

MCQ5: With what means do you understand the other party's objectives
Answer: Negotiation

MCQ6: The Oslo Accords in 1993 was achieved through _______ strategy
Answer: Communication-facilitation strategies

MCQ7: When is mediation likely to be successful?


Answer: When parties appear most amenable to change

MCQ8: International Court of Justice is situated in _______.


Answer: Hague

MCQ9: __________ simply aimed at ending a dispute as quickly and amicably as


possible without considering the root cause of conflict.
Answer: Dispute Settlement

MCQ10: Competitive conflict styles are synonymous with?


Answer: Zero-sum game

MCQ11: Cooperative and competitive approaches are processes of


Answer: Conflict Resolution

MCQ12: A conflict is said to be _____when parties wish to countenance any further


losses and are prepared to enter into a settlement
Answer: Ripe for resolution

MCQ13: Conflict management correctly assumes that conflicts are ____processes that
often cannot be quickly resolved.
Answer: Long term

MCQ14: Social conflict is a natural occurrence between humans who are involved in
_____
Answer: relationships

MCQ15: Which of these factors may not pose a serious constraint on any mediation
effort?
Answer: Resources and persistence

MCQ16: International Humanitarian Law lays down the minimum protection and
standards applicable to situations where people are most _____ in armed conflict.
Answer: Vulnerable

MCQ17: Which model of conflict handling suggests that the destructive consequences
of a conflict can be modified or transformed so that self-images, relationships,
and social structures improve as a result of conflict instead of being harmed by
it.
Answer: Conflict transformation

MCQ18: In conflict resolution listening is the hero of_________


Answer: good communication

MCQ19: The difference between conciliation and arbitration is ________


Answer: that conciliation has no legal standing but arbitration is based on
legality

MCQ20: Win-lose outcome of dispute resolution means


Answer: only one side gets what it desires

MCQ21: Strategies that could be used for conflict resolution include conciliation,
mediation, arbitration and _____
Answer: litigation

MCQ22: In the simplest terms, negotiation means


Answer: A discussion between two or more disputants who are trying to work out a
solution to their problem

MCQ23: Effective peace-building also requires _____ partnerships in addressing


conflict and greater coordination among the various actors
Answer: Public – Private

MCQ24: The conciliator usually has no authority to seek evidence or call ___
Answer: witness

MCQ25: _______ is the body of customary and conventional rules or moral code of
states which are considered legally binding by civilized states in their
intercourse with each other
Answer: International Law

MCQ26: Which is the full meaning of WTO


Answer: World Trade Organisation

MCQ27: Facilitation and _______ strategies are the most powerful form of
intervention
Answer: Relational

MCQ28: The first phase of the early warning process is ___


Answer: Gathering of information

MCQ29: Women have successfully formed their own political party and raised the
profile of women in politics in __________
Answer: Northern Ireland

MCQ30: Pacifism means


Answer: don't settle conflicts with violence

MCQ31: Find some middle ground and "work out an agreement to a conflict is
Answer: compromise

MCQ32: The ___________element of early warning as a process entails the analysis


and interpretation of the information gathered
Answer: third

MCQ33: Conflicts are


Answer: genuine

MCQ34: In which country did the government and the UNITA rebels provided 13
separate amnesties for each other
Answer: Angola

MCQ35: When conflict parties are tired of hostilities and seek solution to a
conflict, it is said to be
Answer: De-escalating

MCQ36: Women have successfully formed their own political party and raised the
profile of women in politics in __________
Answer: Northern Ireland

MCQ37: The third party is also a skill of resolving conflict it is focused on the
manner in which small groups resolve conflicts, problem-solving discussion between
unofficial representative of parties’ communities, state or groups engaged in
protracted social conflict
Answer: consultation

MCQ38: _____ is a process in which a neutral third party assists two or more
parties in order to help them negotiate an agreement on a matter of common interest
Answer: Mediation

MCQ39: Towards the end of the 20th Century there was genocide in Rwanda and ___ in
these African civil wars
Answer: Burundi

MCQ40: To achieve complete resolution of a conflict, it requires making significant


changes that restructure the following institutional structures of the society
except
Answer: Ecological changes

MCQ41: Choose the one that does not belong to the three main strategies or
techniques being used by mediators to intervene in a conflict situation
Answer: Directive strategies

MCQ42: Which meditative strategy adopts threats of withdrawals


Answer: Directive strategies

MCQ43: All but one of the following are essentials elements to be found in a
complete conflict prevention planning and decision cycle as espoused by Michael
Lund
Answer: Extraction of information by force

MCQ44: All but one of the following organisations is not international one
Answer: NUT

MCQ45: Through the instrumentalities of the_____, at least, the voices of women can
now be heard of what they went through (for those who can tell the story), and how
they will like to be compensated ( not that compensation will heal the wounds)
during wars
Answer: International Human Rights Tribunals

MCQ46: The four Geneva Conventions of ___ and their additional protocols of 1977
contain many children
Answer: 1979

MCQ47: Identify the group that is not part of peace-building agents.


Answer: Belligerents, insurgents, militias

MCQ48: The Early Warming Systems (EWS) entail


Answer: All of the options

MCQ49: The UN High Commission for Refugees adopted a policy on older-persons in


Answer: 2002

MCQ50: __________ are third-person interveners who get involved in conflict


resolution endeavour
Answer: Mediators

FBQ1: Conflict resolution requires identifying the ____ factors behind the
conflict, and finding ways to deal with them.
Answer: Causal

FBQ2: The underlying causes of conflict are embedded in the institutional structure
of ____
Answer: Society

FBQ3: Conflict usually transforms perception by accentuating the differences


between ______ and position.
Answer: Interest

FBQ4: _______ is a form of legal alternative to litigation.


Answer: Arbitration

FBQ5: The two most basic orientations when people enter into negotiations are ____
and competitive
Answer: Cooperative

FBQ6: Communication – facilitation, procedural and directive strategies are three


main strategies of ________.
Answer: Arbitration

FBQ7: Disputants that work cooperatively to negotiate a solution are morelikely to


develop a relationship of ____
Answer: trust

FBQ8: The resources required for mediating conflicts are resources, persistence,
experience and ______
Answer: Commitment

FBQ9: Good ___________ demands that both parties take turns in speaking and
listening.
Answer: Communication

FBQ10: Competitive approaches to negotiation tend to result in __ outcomes


Answer: Win-loose

FBQ11: Conflict ____ as opposed to other forms of conflict handling reflects a


better understanding of the nature of conflict itself
Answer: transformation

FBQ12: Mediation is likely to be more successful when parties appear most amenable
to_____
Answer: Change

FBQ13: ___________bargaining is also known as Unity-based bargaining


Answer: Integrative

FBQ14: ______ is a process whereby the parties to a dispute agree to utilize the
services of a conciliator
Answer: conciliation

FBQ15: In conflict resolution listening is the hero of good_________


Answer: Communication

FBQ16: Michael ____ outlines the five essential elements to be found in a complete
conflict prevention planning and decision cycle.
Answer: Lund

FBQ17: Information tools are the basic building blocks of ____


Answer: Early warning

FBQ18: The _____dimension of peace-building activity is one of the activities


geared towards examining the root causes of conflict
Answer: group

FBQ19: Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform" was conceived in the
year ____
Answer: 1997

FBQ20: _________ is the body of customary and conventional rules or moral code of
states which are considered legally binding by civilized states in their
intercourse with each other
Answer: International Law

FBQ21: Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a term generally used to refer to


_____ dispute resolution processes
Answer: informal

FBQ22: _____ is informal dispute resolution processes in which parties meet with a
professional third party who helps them resolve their dispute in a way that is less
formal and often more consensual than is done in the courts
Answer: arbitration

FBQ23: Arbitration and _______ are now being used to settle employee/employer
industrial dispute that often seem intractable
Answer: Mediation

FBQ24: ADR processes are based on an integrative approach and are morecooperative
and less ____ than adversarial court-based methods like litigation.
Answer: competitive

FBQ25: The _______ element of Early Warning System entails sharing the gathered
information
Answer: Second

FBQ26: The spoken word is heavily influenced by expression, intonation, or __


language.
Answer: body

FBQ27: The challenge with all nonverbal behavior is to interpret it ____.


Answer: Accurately  

FBQ28: Ellery C. Stowell in his writing in the year _____ defined “International
Law” as embodying certain rules relating to human relations throughout the world,
which are generally observed by mankind and enforced primacy through the agency of
the government of the independent community into which humanity is divided
Answer: 1931

FBQ29: Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes was first adopted as a means of


dispute resolution in _______________
Answer: The United States of America

FBQ30: __________ Law is the law of maritime commerce.


Answer: Admiralty

FBQ31: International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes is the most
important organ under the -------------
Answer: World Trade Organization dispute settlement

FBQ32: Conflict ______ is a conflict handling style that compels the disputing
parties to be directed or controlled.
Answer: management

FBQ33: Three sources of international law are treaties, _____ and general
principles of law.
Answer: custom

FBQ34: There are ____ basic standards of international law:


Answer: ten

FBQ35: Humanitarian Principles entail alleviating the suffering of human being,


neutrality and ____
Answer: impartiality

FBQ36: Generally, from the perspective of Standard International Law, the rape of
women is considered an act of ___
Answer: torture

FBQ37: Multilateral Preventive Actions is being coordinated by the __ to implement


the Early Warning Early Response Mechanism across the globe
Answer: United Nations

FBQ38: Interest-based bargaining is also called____________


Answer: Integrative bargaining

FBQ39: The experience has been that whereas women and ___ suffer most during wars
Answer: children

FBQ40: Throughout history, men have designed Constitutions and women have been ____
Answer: invincible

FBQ41: Communication requires at least ________ parties


Answer: Two

FBQ42: “Women, War, and Peace,” an independent experts’ assessment” was written
by Elisabeth Rehn and Ellen John Sir ___
Answer: Leaf

FBQ43: From 1995 to ___, Angola was the site of the world’s largest UNpeacekeeping
operation
Answer: 1998

FBQ44: __________is one of the key causes of the changes that occur during
negotiation.
Answer: Mutual adjustment

FBQ45: __________ build/s trust with the parties by ensuring that the parties
understand the mediation process
Answer: Mediators

FBQ46: Everyone is entitled to _________ protection of the law, without


discrimination on any grounds and especially against violence or threat
Answer: equal

FBQ47: Under President __ of the United States, women’s issues were given a place
at the top of the agenda in the efforts in Afghanistan as the full participation of
women at the political conference in Bonn.
Answer: Bush

FBQ48: With ___________ leaders, mediation in conflicts is more likely to be


unsuccessful.
Answer: Competing

FBQ49: Amnesty means forgiveness for atrocities or ___ committed


Answer: crimes

FBQ50: The Oslo Accords was achieved in year _______


Answer: 1993

You might also like