B O O K P U B L I S H E R S

Teachers Notes
by Dr Robyn Sheahan-Bright

The Little Refugee

Anh Do and Suzanne Do
Illustrated By Bruce Whatley
ISBN 9781742378329
Recommended for ages 4-8 yrs
Older students and adults will also appreciate this book.

These notes may be reproduced free of charge for use and study within schools but they may not be
reproduced (either in whole or in part) and offered for commercial sale.

Introduction............................................. 2
Curriculum areas ...................................... 2
Curriculum topics ..................................... 3
Language & Literacy............................ 3
Visual Literacy .................................... 3
Creative Arts ...................................... 4
SOSE (Themes) .................................. 4
SOSE (Values) ................................... 6
Conclusion ............................................... 7
Bibliography of related texts ...................... 7
Internet resources .................................... 8
About the writers.....................................10
Blackline masters................... ........... 11-14

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INTRODUCTION
You must always have hope that things will be okay.

This text tells Anh Do’s story of his amazing journey. From a childhood of poverty in
Vietnam, and the aftermath of the Vietnam War, he and his family and their friends fled
from their country by fishing vessel.
They battled heat, storms, hunger, thirst, attack, loneliness and fear before they found a
safe haven in a new country, and a new life in Australia. But there they were forced to
adapt and to learn new skills in order to survive.
Anh’s early struggles were rewarded by both academic achievement and a highly successful
career as a comedian. And then, when he wrote and published the memoir of his life, he
achieved further acclaim.
This picture book is drawn from his memoir, and with Bruce Whatley’s evocative drawings,
tells Anh Do’s inspiring story to children for the first time.
It is a testimony to the power of hope, resilience, family, friends and good humour to carry
us through even the darkest of times.

CURRICULUM AREAS
This book could be studied in lower primary or even upper primary and lower secondary
classrooms. It is relevant in two curriculum areas: Arts (Language and Literacy, Visual
Literacy, Creative Arts); and Studies of Society & Environment.
It could be used to explore Themes such as:
• Refugees

• War and Dispossession

• Vietnamese Culture and History

• Racial and Ethnic Difference

and to explore Values such as:

• Compassion

• Fear & Resilience

• Hope

Teachers might prepare themselves by reading more widely on the background to Anh
Do’s journey in texts intended for adults. [See Bibliography and Internet Resources.]
Use quotes from the book to explore these themes. For example:
Even though we were poor and the house was crowded,
I was happy because there were always lots of people to play with me.

Even when things seem really terrible,

something good can come of it.

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CURRICULUM TOPICS
LANGUAGE AND LITERACY
• The first person memoir is a form of writing which requires the author to not only
have a story to tell, but a style and voice in which to tell it. Discuss the various
narrative devices used in this book to convey the feelings of Anh Do and his family
as they forge a new life in Australia.
• Anh Do has used both humour and pathos to tell his story. Humour often stems
from adversity. Which incidents did your students find funny, and why? Discuss.
• Compare this picture book to other first person accounts of similar
experiences. E.g. The Peasant Prince by Li Cunxin and Anne Spudvilas (Penguin,
2007); The Land I Lost: Adventures of a Boy in Vietnam by Huynh Quang Nhuong
(HarperCollins, 1986).
[Older students might like to read Unpolished Gem by Alice Pung (Black Inc, 2006)
which details the experiences of a Chinese-Cambodian family in Australia through the
eyes of a young woman.]
• Encourage students to explore their own stories of their past, by engaging them in a
memoir writing exercise. Use models of writing drawn from these and other
pieces of autobiographical writing. See Donna Baker ‘Memoir Writing’
<http://www.theeducatorsnetwork.com/webpages/thewriteresource/TeachingMemoirWriting.pdf>
• This story employs a first person narrative voice suggesting that Anh Do is
recalling the events of his childhood. Re-write one incident in third person and
observe how that changes the story. Re-write it again in first person, from his
brother Khoa’s point of view.
• Test your students’ comprehension after reading the story and doing some further
research about the background to Anh’s life, by answering simple questions.
[See Blackline Master 1.]

VISUAL LITERACY
• Discuss the layout and design of the book, and of the individual double page
spreads within it.
• Encourage students to read for the ‘sub-text’ and observe how the pictures often
add to or illuminate meaning, complementing and enriching the text.
• Discuss the artist’s choice of medium and use of colours in terms of the themes
in this work.
• The artist’s images are deliberately executed in two contrasting styles. The
cartoon-like coloured images are contemporary and childlike, and the sepia-
coloured more realistic ones are historical i.e. they depict Anh Do’s childhood in
Vietnam and journey to Australia. Discuss this contrast with your students and then
encourage them to draw two pictures in these contrasting styles, depicting the story
about their own lives which they wrote in the exercise above [under Language and
Literacy] and then to illustrate an incident in the present as well.
• How does Bruce Whatley convey emotions in his images?
• Discuss the format, and use of perspective and spatial relationship in this
visual text, in individual double page spreads. For example, the page which
depicts the pirate deliberately foregrounds him in a threatening way on the right
hand page with the boat depicted on the left as a much smaller image. This layout

3
 denotes the threat he presents. Discuss the composition of such images with your
students.
• Examine the cover, and discuss why the illustrator has depicted Anh Do in the
foreground in colour, with the fishing vessel in a sepia tone behind him? Draw
your own image of him.

CREATIVE ARTS
This book could also be used to explore a range of other creative arts such as acting,
improvisation, music and dance.
• Improvise the scene in the book where pirates capture Khoa.
• Choose two pieces of music which are suggestive of the feelings of the families
aboard this vessel.
• Make a dragon puppet [See ‘Make Your Own Dragon Puppet for Asian New Year’
<http://www.adoptvietnam.org/vietnamese/tet-puppet.htm>
• Watch the Vietnam National Puppetry Theatre perform the dragon dance on Youtube
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFpkAg_Y0KA>. There are other videos of
water puppet dances on Youtube as well.
[See also Blackline Masters 2, 3 and 4.]

SOSE (THEMES)

Refugees
• This book demonstrates the hardships refugees often endure in order to reach a
place of safety and refuge. Discuss the situations which are encountered by Anh
Do’s family on the journey to Australia. How might you have reacted to them?
• There are many sources which teachers might use to inform their reading of this
book with their students. For example, the website accompanying the television
series of the book My Place
http://www.myplace.edu.au/aligned_resources.html>.
• These situations are still being experienced by people coming to Australia today.
Read more about the government’s policies towards refugees or asylum seekers.
How should we treat such refugees? Do we treat them well?
• What is a refugee? What is an asylum seeker? Which countries are they escaping
from today?
• Share the stories of people in your class. There may be people from a range of
backgrounds who will tell stories you’ve not known about them. Some of them
may even have been refugees.
• Despite the negative views presented in some media coverage of refugees,
migrant people in successive decades have contributed to Australia’s prosperity
and growth through hard work, new skills, and commitment to their new lives
here. Discuss.
• The term ‘boat people’ is often used to describe those refugees who arrive in
Australia by boat, and is sometimes used in a dismissive fashion. Discuss with
your students the various misconceptions about refugee boat arrivals in Australia.
Teachers might prepare themselves for this discussion by referring to the facts
listed at ‘Debunking the Myths’ BOAT-PEOPLE.ORG
<http://www.boat-people.org/?page_id=148>
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• Draw a fishing vessel like the one depicted in this book, and then create a collage
image of the various faces on board by cutting pictures of ‘boat people’ from
magazines and newspapers and pasting them on to the picture.
• Invite a member of your community who has experienced the events which Anh
describes, to address the class about their journey to Australia.
• Visit websites about Vietnamese boat people and the journeys they undertook to
arrive in Australia. [For example, see ‘Vietka: Archives of Vietnamese Boat People’
<http://www.vietka.com/Vietnamese_Boat_People/>]
• Compare their stories to those of refugees today.

War and Dispossession

• Discuss with students why a family might leave a country after a war.
• Read other books about war. E.g. The fictional 'Survivors' series (Hodder
Wayland) includes accounts of young people affected by conflicts. Clive Gifford’s
The Water Puppets tells thirteen-year-old Xuan's story of life after his small village
in South Vietnam is destroyed when (with his mother and young sister), he makes
his way to Saigon where he witnesses the terrible events of the Tet offensive; or
Grandfather’s Dream by Holly Keller (Greenwillow, 1994) in which the birds
disappear from a Vietnamese village due to war; or Water Buffalo Days: Growing
up in Vietnam by Huynh Quang Nhuong (HarperCollins, 1999). [See ‘Children’s
Story Books: Vietnam and Vietnamese Culture’
<http://www.adoptvietnam.org/books/books-children-fiction.htm> for further
titles. You might also source relevant books by a subject search on
<http://www.amazon.com> which will direct you to similar titles]
• This book shows that people can survive war and find new opportunities. Discuss.

Vietnamese Culture and History

• Research the culture, religious and ethnic mix of the population of Vietnam and its
history including the impact of the French Colonial era, and later the Vietnam War.
Then create a classroom display including students’ responses and findings. To
elicit responses, ask students questions about what they have read. [For
example: How many official religions does Vietnam have? Answer: Six: Buddhism,
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, the Hoa Hao faith and the Cao Dai
faith.] Invite them to include some of the activities created in response to these
notes.
• Vietnamese food and cuisine is often very delicate in flavour and preparation.
Encourage students to locate a simple Vietnamese recipe and share Vietnamese
food in class. Rice (Gao) is the staple food and many varieties are grown there
and made into delicious dishes both savoury and sweet, such as Gao nep, a sweet
glutinous rice used in making rice cakes. Water spinach (Rau muong) is
considered to be Vietnam’s national vegetable. Other popular dishes include, for
example, Cha gio or spring rolls made from minced pork and other ingredients
wrapped in rice paper; Pho is a beef noodle soup flavoured with onion, ginger and
other herbs and spices.
• The traditional dress of Vietnamese people is very distinctive. Women often wear
the traditional tunic known as the Áu dài. Create your own costumes using crepe
paper or some form of malleable and yet durable material. Make a nón lá or non
bai tho – the conical hats worn in Vietnam by men and women.

5
 • The geography of Vietnam is very much influenced by the Mekong River which
runs from north to south and which generates many occupations such as fishing,
agriculture, and tourism. Draw a map of Vietnam featuring the Mekong River.
Research other natural features which are considered tourist attractions in
Vietnam e.g. Halong Bay.
• Research major figures in the history of Vietnam such as Communist leader, Ho
Chi Minh (1890-1969) OR Bui Xuan Pha (1920-1988) who is considered the
‘father of modern Vietnamese art’ OR the Trung Sisters (Trung Trac and Trung
Nhi) who led the first revolt in Southeast Asia against China and are regarded as
national heroines. They died in 43AD.
[See Bibliography and Internet Resources below.]
• Agriculture is very important to Vietnamese people many of whom make their
living from growing rice, watercress, etc. They still use traditional farming
methods and rely on animals such as the water buffalo for assistance in ploughing
and carting loads. Research this topic as well.
• The rich history of the country has left a legacy of architectural treasures, and
museums full or art and antiquities. Choose a Vietnamese building or structure
which is remarkable, and after researching it give a presentation to the class
about it. E.g. The Thai Hoa Palace (The Palace of Supreme Peace) in Hue.
• Tet is the Vietnamese New Year celebration. It falls between the period when
crops are harvested and when farmers sow new crops. So it is both practically and
symbolically a time of celebrating new hopes. ‘In the ancient times, it was once a
custom to provide a carp to the Gods on which they can travel. The carp basically
symbolizes the second last stage of the process through which the animals were
slowly and gradually transformed into dragons.’ Tet Vietnamese New Year
<http://www.123newyear.com/vietnamese-new-year/> Discuss such customs
with students. How do we celebrate New Year in Australia?
[See also Blackline Master 2 and Blackline Master 3]

Racial and Ethnic Difference

• ‘I had different food to the other kids and some of them laughed at me.’ Why
would students laugh at someone just because they are different? Discuss sharing
different cultural experiences and what students learn from them.
• What differences might students have observed in Anh? For example, his food,
and his uniform are mentioned. What else might students have noticed about
him?
• Read more about Vietnamese life and culture. What might have seemed strange
to Anh and his family about life in Australia?

SOSE (VALUES)

Compassion
• Encourage students to think about how they would feel in someone like Anh’s
position, in the various situations detailed in this book. E.g. How would you make
a new student at school feel welcome?
• Write a fictional story as if you were a person arriving at a new school where you
know no one. Create a situation in which you are both helped and hindered in
your efforts to fit in, by the reactions of classmates.

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 Fear and Resilience
• Invite students to discuss how they might have felt if a pirate attacked the ship
they were travelling in? What might be the best reaction when you are confronted
by an aggressor? What might be the worst?
• What gives people in such dangerous situations the strength to go on? Does the
book give you any indication of how Anh’s family overcame their fear?

Hope
• Mum said, ‘We are so lucky to be alive and living in this beautiful country. There
are many people much worse off than us.’ This is a wonderful philosophy for life.
Whenever you have a problem, think about those who are suffering in war,
famine, floods, tsunamis etc. Discuss.
• Discuss the word ‘hope’ with your students. Ask them what gives them hope?
What do they hope for?

CONCLUSION
The Little Refugee is a warm and refreshing exploration of migrant experiences. It is also
a testimony to hope, hard work and resilience.
It speaks to those who are uncertain about the journey that they have embarked upon,
to leave one country and settle in another.
It gives comfort to those who have either not yet completed that journey, or who have
found their initial impressions or experiences disappointing.
Anh Do’s family made a new life against impossible odds.
His story is an inspiring and uplifting example of how life might be re-invented and how
one might find a new beginning.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELATED TEXTS

PICTURE BOOKS
Baker, Jeannie Mirror Walker Books, 2010
Greder, Armin The Island Allen & Unwin, 2007
Heffernan, John My Dog Margaret Hamilton Books/ Scholastic, 2001
Lofthouse, Liz and Ingpen, Robert Ziba Came on a Boat Penguin, 2007
Marsden, John and Ottley, Matt Home and Away Hachette, 2008
Miller, David Refugees Lothian, 2004
Tan, Shaun The Arrival Hachette Livre, 2006

ABOUT PICTURE BOOKS

Anstey, Michèle, and Geoff Bull Reading the Visual Reading the Visual: Written and
Illustrated Children’s Literature. Sydney: Harcourt, 2000.
Gleeson, Libby Making Picture Books Scholastic, 2003.

7
FICTION FOR OLDER READERS
Evans, Alwyn Walk in My Shoes Penguin, 2005
Gleitzman, Morris Boy Overboard Penguin, 2005
Gleitzman, Morris Girl Underground Penguin, 2005

NON-FICTION FOR CHILDREN

Grant, Reg The Vietnam War (Atlas of Conflicts series) World Almanac Library, 2005.
Guile, Melanie Culture in Vietnam Heinemann Library, 2005.
Simpson, Judith Vietnam (Focus on Asia Series) Watts Publishing, 2003.
Parker, Edward Vietnam (Countries of the Worlds Series) Evans Brothers, 2005.
Welcome to Vietnam written by Yumi Ng/Amy Condra-Peters (Welcome to My Country Series)
Times Editions, 2003.

FURTHER RESOURCES FOR UPPER PRIMARY, SECONDARY READERS AND TEACHERS

Dao, Quynh Tales from a Mountain City: A Vietnam War Memoir Odyssey Books, 2010.
Dechian, Sonja, Heather Millar and Eva Sallis (eds) Dark Dreams: Australian Refugee Stories
by Young Writers Aged 11-20 Years Wakefield Press, 2004.
Dechian, Sonja, Jenni Devereaux, Heather Millar and Eva Sallis (eds) No Place Like Home:
Australian Stories by Young Writers Aged 8-21 Years Wakefield Press 2005.
Do, Anh The Happiest Refugee Allen & Unwin, 2010.
Hoag, Carina Boat People: Personal Stories from the Vietnamese Exodus of 1975-1996 Penguin,
Nguyen, Pauline Secrets of the Red Lantern: Stories and Vietnamese Recipes from the Heart
Murdoch Books, 2007.
Pung, Alice Unpolished Gem Black Inc, 2006.
Pung, Alice Her Father’s Daughter Black Inc, 2011.
Pung, Alice ed. Growing Up Asian in Australia Black Inc, 2008.
‘Refugees’ The Literature Base Volume 13 Issue 1 February 2002 pp 18-23.

INTERNET RESOURCES
‘A True Story’ BOAT-PEOPLE.ORG
http://www.boatpeople.org/a_true_story.htm

Amnesty International
http://www.amnesty.org.au/
This site outlines temporary protection visas, mandatory detention of asylum seekers,
the refugee determination process and other relevant topics; it also contains Teacher
Resources on Human Rights issues.

Asylum Seeker Resource Centre (ASRC)

http://www.asrc.org.au/

8
Australia’s largest provider of aid, advocacy and health services for asylum seekers in
Australia.

9
Brisbane Actionweb for Refugee Collaboration
http://www.barc.org.au/oldsite/res_offl_print.htm
This site contains a useful Bibliography of resources.

‘Children’s Story Books: Vietnam and Vietnamese Culture’

http://www.adoptvietnam.org/books/books-children-fiction.htm

‘Debunking the Myths’ BOAT-PEOPLE.ORG

http://www.boat-people.org/?page_id=148
This section of the website offers a useful list of facts about boat people and Australia.

Dudek, Debra ‘Of Murmels and Snigs Detention-Centre Narratives in Australian

literature for Children and Young Adults’ Overland 185 2006
http://www. overlandexpress.org/185%20dudek.html

The Loreto-Vietnam Australia Program (LVAP)

http://www.aquinox.com.au/loreto/index.html
The program supports and assists children who are disadvantaged, poor and disabled,
through education training programs. (Anh and Suzanne Do have donated 100% of their
profits from this book to the program.)

‘Make Your Own Dragon Puppet for Asian New Year’

http://www.adoptvietnam.org/vietnamese/tet-puppet.htm
My Place
http://www.myplace.edu.au/aligned_resources.html>
Television series based on picture book (1987) about Australian multicultural historical
evolution.

PEN
http://www.pen.org.au
The Australian body is affiliated with International PEN which exists to emphasise the role
of writing in the development of mutual understanding and world culture. PEN has been a
strong advocate for the release of inmates from Australia’s detention centres.

Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA)

http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/
This site offers facts, statistics and useful information about refugees. It contains a list of
‘Myths About Refugees’ which could be used to provoke discussion with students and to
test their own biases and opinions, and a list of ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ which
outlines the definition of refugees, asylum seekers and other issues.

Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City

http://www.refugeecamp.org/
This virtual website has been created by Médecins Sans Frontières to show how the basic
needs of people are not being met in such camps all over the world. This site offers
powerful messages to students about the issues involved in this crisis.

Tet: Vietnamese New Year

http://www.123newyear.com/vietnamese-new-year/

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United Nations
http://www.un.org/rights
This page on the UN website will give you information about human rights, the United
Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the Commission on Human
Rights (CHR), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Human Rights Council.

US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI) World Refugee Survey

2005
http:// www. refugees.org
This page not only includes information on this survey but also on the activities of this
body.
Vietka: Archives of Vietnamese Boat People
http://www.vietka.com/Vietnamese_Boat_People/

ABOUT THE WRITERS

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Anh Do is one of Australia's leading comedians. He has also acted in television series
and films, written screenplays and is a sought-after keynote speaker. His unique and
inspirational experience leaving Vietnam as a toddler and growing up in Australia is the
subject of his bestselling and award-winning memoir, The Happiest Refugee. He lives in
Sydney with his family.
• Read any online information about Anh Do and discuss what you have
gleaned from it, with your students. See his website
<http://www.anhdo.com.au/>
Suzanne Do was formerly a practising solicitor and was co-writer of the screenplay for
the Australian film, 'Footy Legends'. She is a full-time mother to three sons, and lives in
Sydney with them and her husband, Anh.

ABOUT THE ILLUSTRATOR

Bruce Whatley is one of Australia’s best-loved and most-respected author–illustrators.
Bruce has illustrated over forty books to date, including Monster written by Andrew
Daddo and a number that he has co-written with Rosie Smith. Many of Bruce’s books
have been acknowledged by the Children’s Book Council of Australia including Looking for
Crabs and Detective Donut and the Wild Goose Chase. He lives with his family in Berry,
NSW.
• Read and compare Bruce’s style and approach in a range of his works, and discuss it
with your students.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR OF THESE NOTES

Dr Robyn Sheahan-Bright operates justified text writing and publishing consultancy
services, has published widely on children’s and YA literature, and in 2011 was the
recipient of the CBCA (Qld Branch)’s Dame Annabelle Rankin Award for Distinguished
Services to Children’s Literature in Queensland.

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BLACKLINE MASTER 1

TEXT COMPREHENSION QUIZ

1. How many people lived in Anh Do’s childhood home in Vietnam?

2. Why did he and his family leave Vietnam?

3. How did they escape?

4. Who did they meet on the high seas?

5. What is Anh Do’s brother’s name?

6. Who rescued them?

7. What strange clothes did Anh’s baby brother wear when he first
arrived?

8. What sort of business did his parents establish in Australia?

9. Who was the red headed boy Anh befriended at the beginning of Grade
3 at school?

10. What announcement did the principal make about Anh at the prize
giving ceremony at school?

Answers: 1. Fourteen. 2. Because Anh’s father and uncles had fought on the losing side
in the Vietnam War alongside the Australians and the US soldiers, and therefore feared
being persecuted by the victors. 3. An old wooden fishing vessel. 4. Pirates. 5. Khoa. 6. A
German cargo ship. 7. Girls’ clothes donated by the nuns. 8. A sewing business. 9.
Angus. 10. He announced that Anh would be Class Captain of Grade Five Blue.
BLACKLINE MASTER 2

IMAGE COMPREHENSION QUIZ

1. What is the name 6. What is the name of

of this building? the major river which
flows through
Vietnam?

2. What sort of 7. What is this

material is this boat traditional dish made
made of? out of rice paper?

3. What is the name 8. Which religion

of the traditional (which most people in
Vietnamese tunic Vietnam practise)
frock worn by these does this figure
three girls? represent?

4. Which animal is 9. What is the symbol

the farmer pictured on the Vietnamese
with? (It is often flag?
used in agricultural
work in Vietnam.)

5. What fruit is very 10. On what river in

popular in the ancient city of
Vietnam? Hue are world
heritage listed
monuments situated?

Answers: 1. Sydney Opera House in Australia. 2. Wood. 3. Áu dài. 4. Water Buffalo. 5.

Lychee. 6. Mekong River. 7. Spring roll. 8.Buddhism. 9. Star.10. Perfume River.
BLACKLINE MASTER 3

DRAW AND COLOUR IN A CARP

Draw some more carp attached to this string. Then paint them in different
watercolours.
BLACKLINE MASTER 4

FESTIVAL!

Trace and then colour in this picture.