Model Answer: Engineering Thermodynamics, MCTR 501, ENME 505 Winter Semester 2008 Midterm Exam

Engineering Thermodynamics MCTR 501, ENME 505
Winter Semester 2008

Midterm Exam
Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science
Engineering Mechanics Department 26 November 2008
Dr. Eng. Hamdy A. Kandil
Model Answer
Engineering Thermodynamics, MCTR 501, ENME 505

Midterm Exam
Instructions: Read Carefully Before Proceeding.
1- This is a Closed Book Exam. Calculators are allowed (except

programmable); books and notes are not permitted. During the exam, NO
EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL IS ALLOWED UNDER ANY CONDITION. No
computers or wireless equipment are allowed to be with the examinee.
2- Write your solutions in the space provided. If you need more space, write on
the back of the sheet containing the problem. NO EXTRA SHEETS WILL BE
PROVIDED
3- This exam booklet contains 10 pages, including this one. A Formula sheet is
attached at the end of the booklet and it has to be kept attached.
4- When you are told that time is up, stop working on the test.
Total time allowed for this exam is 120 minutes
Question # 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Max. Score 20 15 15 10 20 80
Obtained
Score
a
/6 /15 /5 /5 /20
b
/5 @@@ /5 /5 @@@
c
/5 @@@ /5 @@@ @@@
d
/4 @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@
Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 1 of 7

Midterm Exam
Question One:
A mass of 5 kg of saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water is
contained in a piston–cylinder device at 125 kPa. Initially, 2
kg of the water is in the liquid phase and the rest is in the
vapor phase. Heat is now transferred to the water, and the
piston, which is resting on a set of stops, starts moving when
the pressure inside reaches 300 kPa. Heat transfer continues
until the total volume increases by 20 percent. Determine
(a) the initial and final temperatures, (b) the mass of liquid
water when the piston first starts moving, and (c) the work
done during this process. (d) Show the process on a P-v
diagram.
Solution:

Midterm Exam
Question Two:
One cubic meter of an ideal gas at atmospheric pressure having an initial
temperature of 25 °C undergoes the two processes described below:
Process 1-2: The volume is held constant while the pressure doubles.
Process 2-3: The pressure is held constant while the volume is reduced to one-third
of the original volume.
Determine the temperatures T2 and T3 of the gas and the total work done during
these processes.
P T2
3
2
T3
Ideal
T1
Gas 1
Solution:
V
P1V1=mRT1 & P2V2=mRT2
T2/T1 = P2V2 / P1V1 = P2/P1 =2 T2=2*T1=2*(25+273) = 596 K=323 °C
P2V2=mRT2 & P3V3=mRT3

T3/T2 = P3V3 / P2V2 = V3/V2 = 1/3 T3=1/3 *T2=1/3*596 = 198.7 K= -74 °C
Work: Process 1-2 constant volume W = P (V2-V1) = 0
Process 2-3: constant pressure W = P2 (V3-V2) = 2 * 101.32 (1 – 1/3) = 135 kJ

Midterm Exam
Question Three:
Steam at 5 MPa and 400°C enters a nozzle steadily
with a velocity of 80 m/s, and it leaves at 2 MPa and
300°C.
The inlet area of the nozzle is 50 cm2, and heat is
being lost at a rate of 120 kJ/s. Determine (a) the
mass flow rate of the steam, (b) the exit velocity of
the steam, and (c) the exit area of the nozzle.
Solution:

Midterm Exam
Question Four:
Air at 80 kPa and 127°C enters an adiabatic diffuser steadily
at a rate of 6000 kg/h and leaves at 100 kPa. The velocity of
the airstream is decreased from 230 to 30 m/s as it passes
through the diffuser. Find (a) the exit temperature of the air
and (b) the exit area of the diffuser.
Solution:

Midterm Exam
Question Five:
An adiabatic air compressor is to be powered by a direct-coupled adiabatic steam
turbine that is also driving a generator. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and
500°C at a rate of 25 kg/s and exits at 10 kPa and a quality of 0.92. Air enters the
compressor at 98 kPa and 295 K at a rate of 10 kg/s and exits at 1 MPa and 620 K.
Determine the net power delivered to the generator by the turbine.
Solution:

Midterm Exam
Formula Sheet
x = mvapor/mtotal & y=yf + x yfg Enthalpy: h= u + Pv

Ideal gas: PV = mRT
2 2 2
Boundary Work: Wb = F ds = P dV & Constant volume: Wb = P dV = 0
1 1 1
2
& Const. pressure: Wb = P dV = P(V2 − V1 ) & Isothermal (ideal gas):
1
V2
Wb = mRT ln
V1
Polytropic Process: PV n = const. & n = 0 (const. press), (const volume),
1 (isothermal), k = Cp/Cv (adiabatic)
P2V2 − P1V1 V
Wb = , n ≠1 & Wb = PV ln 2 , n = 1
1− n V1
mR(T2 − T1 ) V
Ideal gas: Wb = , n ≠ 1 & Wb = mRT ln 2 , n = 1
1− n V1
The first law of thermodynamics for closed systems is:
V2
Qnet − Wnet = ∆U + ∆KE + ∆PE & KE = m & PE = Mgz
2
For a cycle: Qnet − Wnet = ∆U cycle = 0 OR Qnet = Wnet
For ideal gases: R = Cp – Cv & k = Cp/Cv
2 2
∆u = u 2 − u1 = C v (T ) dT = C v ,ave (T2 − T1 ) & ∆h = h2 − h1 = C p (T ) dT = C p ,ave (T2 − T1 )
1 1
First law for control volumes: min − mout = ∆m system & Ein − Eout = ∆E system &
V
m = ρ AV = A
ν
For steady processes: min = mout &
Ve2 Vi 2
Q −W = me ( he + + gz e ) − mi ( hi + + gz i )
2 2
V22 − V12
Single-stream forms: m1 = m2 & Q − W = m (h2 − h1 + + gz 2 − gz1 ) kW
2

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Engineering Thermodynamics MCTR 501, ENME 505

Winter Semester 2008

Engineering Thermodynamics, MCTR 501, ENME 505

Instructions: Read Carefully Before Proceeding.

1- This is a Closed Book Exam. Calculators are allowed (except

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 1 of 7

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 2 of 7

P2V2=mRT2 & P3V3=mRT3

Work: Process 1-2 constant volume W = P (V2-V1) = 0

Process 2-3: constant pressure W = P2 (V3-V2) = 2 * 101.32 (1 – 1/3) = 135 kJ

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 3 of 7

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 4 of 7

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 5 of 7

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 6 of 7

x = mvapor/mtotal & y=yf + x yfg Enthalpy: h= u + Pv

Engineering Thermodynamics Midterm Exam. 26 November 2008 Page 7 of 7

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