ACI 305.

1-06

Specification for Hot Weather Concreting

An AC I Standard

Reported by ACI Committee 305

K. Pililip Brandt Kenneth Rear

Chair Secretary

James M. Aldred Daniel E. Ellery' Kenneth C. Hover Bruce G. Smith

Godwin Q. Amekuedi Darrell F. Elliot Michael L. Kohout Edward G. Sparks
Michael A. Caldarone Richard D. Gaynor Frank A. Kozeljski Boris Y. Stein
James . Cornell IT Antonio J. Guerra Darmawan Ludirdj a Kenneth C. Tiffany
D. Gene Daniel G. Terry Harris, Sr. Dan Ravina Louis R. Valenzuela
Kirk K. Deadrick Jerry S. Haught Robert J. Ryan

' Deceased.

This specijication provides requiremellls for hot weaTher concrering rhaT P3. A statement such as the following will serve to make
rhe ArchirecTI Engineer can make applicable ro any consrrucTion projecr by
ACI Specification 305.1 a part of the Project Specification :
ciring ir ill projecr specijicariollS.
Ir is illlellded That rhe ArchirecrlEllgilleer use The checklisrs included in
This specijicatiolllO cuslOmi:e The projecr specijicarioll. Work on (Project Title) shall conform to all require-
The docllmelll illcludes hor wearher requiremellls for producTion ments of ACI 305.1-06, Specification for Hot Weather
preparaTiolls, delivel}', placemelll, fillishillg, bleed-warer evaporarioll,
curillg, and proTecrioll of cOllcrere. Provisiolls governing a preplacemelll
Concreting, published by the American Concrete Insti-
conference, concreTe mixTure proponions, maximum allowable concreTe tute, Farmington Hills , Michigan, except as modified
TemperaTure, measuremelll of The raTe of slIrface evaporaTion, evaporaTioll by these Contract Documents.
cOlllrol measures, and accepTan ce of a concrere mixTure from paST field
experiellce or precollsTrlIcTiollTesTing are included.
P4. Each technical Section of ACI Specification 305.1 is
Keywords: bleeding; concrete, curing; finishing; hot weather concreting; written in the three-part Section format of the Construction
mixture propoJ1ioning; plastic shrinkage cracking; protection period; trial batch. Specifications Institute, as adapted for ACI requirements.
The language is imperative and terse.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER
P5. The Specification is written to the Contractor. When a
This specification is incorporated by reference in the
Project Specification using the wording in P3 of the Preface provision of this Specification requires action by the
and including information from the Optional Requirements Contractor, the verb "shall" is used. If the Contractor is
and Submittals checklists following the Specification. allowed to exercise an option when limited alternatives are
available, the phrasing "either...or.. ." is used. Statements
PREFACE provided in the Specification as information to the Contractor
PI. ACI Specification 305.1 is intended to be used by use the verbs "may" or "will." Informational statements typi-
reference or incorporation in its entirety in the Project Spec- cally identify activities or options that "will be taken" or "may
ification. Do not copy individual Parts, Sections, Articles, or be taken" by the Owner or ArchitectiEngineer.
Paragraphs into the Project Specification, because taking
tpem out of context may change their meaning.
P2. If Sections or Parts of ACI Specification 305. 1 are ACI 305. 1-06 was adopted November 7. 2006 and published March 2007.
Copyright © 2007, American Concrete Institute.
copied into the Project Specification or any 9ther document, All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any
means. including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or
~ not refer to them as an ACI Specification, because the mechanical device, printed, wrinen, or oral . or recording for sound or visual reproduction
specification has been altered . or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device. unless pemtission in writing
is obtained from the copyrigbt proprietors.

305.1-1
305.1-2 ACt STANDARD

CONTENTS C 138/C 138M-01a Test Method for Density (Unit

Preface, p. 305.1-1 Weight), Yield, and Air Content
(Gravimetric) of Concrete
Section 1-General, p. 305.1-2 C l43/C 143M-05a Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
l.1 - Scope
Cement Concrete
1.2-Referenced standards
C 171-03 Specification for Sheet Materials for
1.3- Definitions
Curing Concrete
1.4-Submi ttal of procedures C 173/C 173M- Ol s] Test Method for Air Content of
1.5- Preplacement conference Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volu-
1.6- Documents required on site metric Method
C 192/C 192M-05 Practice for Making and Curing
Section 2-Products, p. 305.1-3 Concrete Test Specimens in the Labo-
2.1-General
ratory
2.2-Concrete mixture proportions
C 231 -04 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Pressure
Section 3-Execution, p. 305.1-3
Method
3. I-General
3.2- Maximum allowable concrete temperature C 293-02 Test Method for Flexural Strength of
Concrete (Using Simple Beam With
3.3- Qualification of concrete mixture proportions
Center-Point Loading)
3.4-Concrete production and delivery
C lO64/C 1064M-05 Test Method for Temperature of
3.5- Concrete placement and finishing
Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement
3.6-Concrete bleed-water evaporation
Concrete
3.7-Concrete curing
1.2.4 Abbreviations for and complete names and addresses
3.8- Concrete protection
of organizations issuing documents referred to in this Speci-
fication are listed:
Foreword to checklists, p. 305.1-5

Optional requirements checklist, p. 305.1-6 American Concrete Institute (ACI)

POBox 9094
Subm ittals checklist, p. 305.1-6 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094
Phone: (248) 848-3700
Appendix A-The Menzel Formula and estimated Fax: (248) 848-3701
surface evaporation rates, p. 305.1-7 website: www.concrete.org
SECTION 1-GENERAL
1.1-Scope ASTM International (ASTM)
This Specification covers requirements for hot weather 100 Barr Harbor Dr
concrete construction . Provisions of this Specification shall West Conshohocken , PA 19428-2959
govern, except where other provisions are specified in Phone: (610) 832-9500
Contract Documents. This Specification shall not be used in Fax: (610) 832-9555
conjunction with ACI 301 or ACI 530.1. website: www .astm.org

1.2-Referenced standards 1.3-Definitions

1.2.1 Standards of ACI and ASTM referred to in this Spec- day- a period of 24 consecutive hours .
ification are listed with serial designation, including year of evaporation retardant- a material that generates a
adoption or revision, and are part of this Specification. continuous thin film when spread over water on the surface
1.2.2 A CI Standards of fresh concrete and thus retards the evaporation of bleed
308.1 -98 Standard Specification for Curing Concrete water.
1.2.3 ASTM Standards hot weather-job-site conditions that accelerate the rate
C 31/C31 M-03a Practice for Making and Curing of moisture loss or rate of cement hydration of freshly mixed
Concrete Test Specimens in the Fidd concrete, including an ambient temperature of 27 °C (80 oF)
C 39/C 39M-05 Test Method for Compressive or higher, and an evaporation rate that exceeds 1 kg/m 2/h, or
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete as revised by the Architect/Engineer.
Specimens hot weather concreting-operations concerning the
C 78-02 Test Method for Flexural Strength of preparation , production , delivery, placement, finishing,
Concrete (Using Simple Beam with protection, and curing of concrete during hot weather.
Third-Point Loading) moist-slightly damp but not quite dry to the to uch; "wet"
C 94/C 94M-05 Specification for Ready-Mixed implies visible free water, "damp" implies less wetness than
Concrete "wet," and "moist" implies not quite dry.
 SPECIFICATION FOR HOT WEATHER CONCRETING 305.1-3

protection period- the required time during which the SECTION 3-EXECUTION
concrete is protected against thermal cracking due to rapid 3.1-General
temperature drops . 3.1.1 Do not place concrete against surfaces of absorbent
materials that are dry. Do not place concrete against surfaces
temperature of fresh concrete- the temperature
that have free water.
measured during the discharge and placement in accordance
3.1.2 Prepare all materials required for accepted evaporation
with ASTM C 1064/C 1064M.
control measures and have them available on site so that
temperature of hardened concrete-the temperature specified measures can be executed as necessary .
measured at the concrete surface. 3.1.3 Initiate accepted evaporation control measures when
units- values stated in either U.S. Customary or S1 units concrete and air temperatures, relative humidity of the air,
shall be regarded separately as standard. Values stated in and the wind velocity have the capacity to evaporate water
each system might not be exact equivalents; therefore, each from a free water surface at a rate that is equal to or greater
system must be used independently of the other, without than 1.0 kg/m 2/h (0.2 Ib/ft2/h) , unless otherwise specified.
combining values in any way. Determine the evaporation rate of surface moisture by use of
the Menzel Formula:
1.4-Subm ittal of procedures
1.4.1 Before hot weather concreting and the preplacement W = 0.315(e o - ea )(0.253 + 0.060'0 [S1 units]
conference, submit to ArchitectlEngineer for review and
comment detailed procedures, including production, W = O.44(e o - ea)(0.253 + 0.096V) [U.S. Customary units]
placement, fmishing , curing and protection of concrete
during hot weather concreting. where
W = mass of water evaporated in kg (Ib) per m2 (ft2) of
1.5-Preplacement conference water-covered surface per hour;
1.5.1 At least 15 days before the start of the concrete eo = saturation water vapor pressure in kPa (psi) in the air
construction schedule, hold a preplacement conference for immediately over the evaporating surface, at the
the purpose of reviewing hot weather concreting require- temperature of the evaporating surface. Obtain this
ments and mix designs. value from Table 3.l(a) or (b). The temperature of
1.5.2 Send a preplacement conference agenda on hot the evaporating surface shall be taken as the concrete
weather operations and procedures to representatives of temperature;
concerned parties not less than 10 days before the scheduled ea = water vapor pressure in kPa (psi) in the air
date of the conference. surrounding the concrete. Multiply the saturation
1.5.3 Preplacement conference shall include, but is not vapor pressure at the temperature of the air
limited to, representation of Contractor, Concrete Subcon- surrounding the concrete by the relative humidity of
tractor, Testing Agency, Pumping Contractor, and Ready- the air. Air temperature and relative humidity are to
Mixed Concrete Producer. be measured at a level approximately 1.2 to 1.8 m (4
1.5.4 Distribute the minutes of the preplacement confer- to 6 ft) above the evaporating surface on the wind-
ence to representatives of concerned parties within 5 days ward side and shielded from the sun 's rays ; and
after the preplacement conference. V = average wind speed in kmIh (mph), measured at 0.5 m
(20 in .) above the evaporating surface.
1.6-Documents requ ired on site 3.1.3.1 Monitor site conditions (air temperature,
1.6.1 Copies of AC1 305R, AC1 305.1 , and AC1 308.1 humidity, wind speed) to assess the need for evaporation
must be available at the project site during concrete control measures beginning no later than 1 hour before the
construction. start of concrete placing operations. Continue to monitor site
conditions at intervals of 30 minutes or less until specified
curing procedures have been applied.
SECTION 2-PRODUCTS
3.1.3.2 For measuring the rate of evaporation of surface
2.1-General
moisture, use equipment or instruments that are certified by
2.1.1 Store all materials and equipment required for curing
the manufacturer as accurate to within 1 °C (2 oF), 5% relative
and protection at or near the project site before hot weather
humidity, and 1.6 krn/h (1 mph) wind speed. Use equipment
concreting commences.
in accordance with the product manufacturer recommendations.
2.1.2 Initial site curing of strength test specimens for
acceptance-Provide facilities that ensure compliance with 3.2-Maximum allowable concrete temperature
the initial curing requirements of ASTM C 311C 31 M. 3.2.1 Limit the maximum allowable fresh concrete
temperature to 35 °C (95 oF), unless otherwise specified, or
2.2-Concrete mixture proportions unless a higher allowable temperature is accepted by Architect!
2.2.1 Submit concrete mixture proportions to Architect! Engineer, based upon past field experience or preconstruction
Engineer for review. Include specific materials, manufacturer, testing using a concrete mixture similar to one known to have
and type for hot weather concreting. been successfully used at a higher concrete temperature.
305 .1-4 ACI STANDARD

Table 3.1 (a)-Saturation water vapor pressure (kPa) Table 3.1 (b)-Saturation water vapor pressure (psi)
over water (SI units) over water (U.S. Customary un its)
Air and concrete Saturation Air and concrete Saturation Air and concrete Saturation Air and concrete Saturation
temperature, °C pressure, kPa temperature, °C pressure, kPa temperature, OF pressure, psi temperature, OF pressure, 'psi
4 0.813 28 3.78 40 0.121 81 0.523
5 0.872 29 4.01 41 0.127 82 0.542
6 0.934 30 4.24 42 0.132 83 0.559
7 1.00 31 4A9 43 0.137 84 0.577
8 1.07 32 4.75 44 0.143 85 0.595
9 1.15 33 5.03 45 0.147 86 0.615
10 1.23 34 5.32 46 0.153 87 0.637
11 1.31 35 5.62 47 0.159 88 0.658
12 lAO 36 5.94 48 0.166 89 0.679
13 1.50 37 6.28 49 0.171 90 0.698
14 1.60 38 6.63 50 0.178 91 0.722
15 1.70 39 6.99 51 0.185 92 0.746
16 1.82 40 7.38 52 0.192 93 0.769
17 1.94 41 7.78 53 0.199 94 0.789
18 2.06 42 8.20 54 0.206 95 0.816
19 2.20 43 8.64 55 0.214 96 0.843
20 2.34 44 9.10 56 0.222 97 0.870
21 2A9 45 9.58 57 0.231 98 0.896
22 2.64 46 10.1 58 0.238 99 0.920
23 2.81 47 10.6 59 0.247 100 0.951
24 2.98 48 11.2 60 0.257 101 0.981
25 3.17 49 11.7 61 0.267 102 1.01
26 3.36 50 12.3 62 0.277 103 1.04
27 3.56 63 0.285 104 1.07
Data sou rce: CRC Halldbook of Chemistry alld Physics, 68th Edition, 1987. 64 0.296 105 1.10
mathematicall y converted into kPa.
65 0.308 106 1.13
66 0.319 107 1.17
67 0.327 108 1.20
3.2.2 Measure the fresh concrete temperature at the point
68 0.339 109 1.24
and time of discharge in accordance with ASTM C 1064/C
69 0.352 110 1.27
lO64M. Frequency of temperature determination shall be in
70 0.366 111 1.31
accordance with ASTM C 94/C 94M and at the option of the
71 0.378 112 1.35
inspector.
72 0.388 113 1.39
73 0.403 114 1.43
3.3-Qualification of concrete mixture proportions
74 0.418 115 1.47
3.3.1 Approval of concrete mixture and proposed
75 0.433 116 1.52
maximum allowable fresh concrete temperature, supported
76 0.443 117 1.56
by past field experience of Section 3.2.1, shall be based, on
77 0.459 118 1.60
similar climate and production conditions, materials,
78 0.476 119 1.65
mixture proportions and temperatures, placing and finishing
79 0.494 120 1.70
methods, and concrete delivery time.
80 0.510
3.3.2 Approval of concrete mixture and proposed
Data source: CRC Halldbook of Chemistry alld Physics, 68th Edition , 1987,
maximum allowable fresh concrete temperature, supported mathematically converted into OF and psi.
by preconstruction testing of Section 3.2.1 , shall require
materials similar to those proposed for use in the project. period unless specified otherwise. During the 50-minute
3.3.3 Laboratory trial batch- Batch the laboratory period, cover the mixer opening with a non-absorbent material ,
concrete trial mixture within 2 °C (3 OF) of the proposed such as plastic, to prevent moisture loss, and rotate the mixer
maximum allowable concrete temperature and mix in continuously at an agitation speed of 6 to 8 rpm. For laboratory
accordance with ASTM C 192/C 192M, except as modified mixers without speed adjustments, simulate agitation by
herein. If necessary, move the laboratory mixer into an rotating the mixer continuously at a drum angle between 45
enclosed, heated and ventilated space, or use heated mixing and 75 degrees from horizontal. At the end of 50 minutes,
water, or both, to achieve and maintain the proposed mix the concrete mixture at full mixing speed designated by
maximum allowable concrete temperature. For drum-type the manufacturer (8 to 20 rpm) for 2 minutes.
mixers , the concrete mixture shall remain in the mixer for For pan-type mixers , the concrete mixture shall remain in
47 minutes after completion of the 3-minute in itial mixing the mixer for 41 minutes after completion of the initial3-minute
 SPECIFICATION FOR HOT WEATHER CONCRETING 305.1-5

mixing period. During the 44-minute period, the mixer shall 3.4-Concrete production and delivery
cycle through periods of rest for 5 minutes, and then mixing 3.4.1 Concrete shall be produced at a temperature such
for 1 minute. During the rest period, cover the mixer opening that its maximum temperature at discharge will not exceed
with a non-absorbent material, such as plastic, to prevent the specified maximum allowable concrete temperature.
moisture loss . At the end of 44 minutes, mix the concrete Acceptable production methods to reduce the temperature of
mixture at full mixing speed designated by the manufacturer the concrete include: shading aggregate stockpiles, sprinkling
(8 to 20 rpm) for 2 minutes. water on coarse aggregate stockpiles; using chilled water for
concrete production; substituting chipped or shaved iced for
During mixing and agitation periods for both drum-type and
portions of the mixing water; and cooling concrete materials
pan-type mixers, the addition of water, chemical admixture, or
using liquid nitrogen. The submittals for hot weather
both, to adjust slump is permitted provided that the specified
concreting shall indicate which methods will be used and in
concrete mixture wlcm is not exceeded. As needed, check and what order they will be initiated when multiple methods are
adjust the slump of the concrete mixture during the middle 113 to be used. The substitution of other cooling methods will be
of the 50- or 44-minute laboratory trial mixing period. considered by the ArchitectlEngineer when requested in the
3.3.3.1 The proposed concrete mixture shall meet the submittal and accompanied by satisfactory supporting data.
specified slump range at the end of the laboratory mixing 3.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, deliver concrete in
period and meet the required strength at the specified test age. accordance with ASTM C 94/C 94M, which requires the
3.3.4 Field trial batch-Batch the field concrete trial concrete to be discharged wi thin 1-1/2 hours or before the
mixture within 2 °C (3 oF) of the proposed maximum allowable truck-mixer drum has revol ved 300 revolutions, whichever
concrete temperature in a truck-mixer with a minimum batch comes first.
size of 3 m3 (4 yd 3). If necessary, move the truck mixer into
an enclosed, heated, and ventilated space to achieve a 3.5-Concrete placement and finishing
concrete temperature within the specified tolerance of the 3.5.1 Concrete placement and finishing operations shall
proposed maximum allowable concrete temperature. proceed as quickly as conditions will permit.
The concrete mixture shall be held in the mixer for 90 minutes,
3.G-Concrete bleed-water evaporation
unless otherwise specified by the ArchitectlEngineer. During
3.6.1 Control concrete surface bleed-water evaporation
the entire 90-minute period, agitate the mixer at 1 to 6 rpm.
with application of evaporation reducers, plastic sheeting,
At the end of 90 minutes , mix the concrete mixture at full
fog spray, or wind breaks. Use these materials and methods
mixing speed designated by the manufacturer (6 to 18 rpm) in accordance with ACI 308.1.
for 2 minutes. During mixing and agitation periods, the addi-
tion of water, chemical admixture, or both, to adjust slump is 3.7-Concrete curing
permitted provided that the specified concrete mixture w/cm 3.7.1 Concrete curing-Cure concrete in accordance with
is not exceeded. As needed, check and adjust the slump of ACI308.1.
the concrete mixture during the middle 1/3 of the 90-minute
mixing period. 3.8-Concrete protection
3.3.4.1 The proposed concrete mixture shall be within the 3.8.1 Protection period-Protect the concrete against
specified slump range at the end of the 90-minute field mixing thermal shrinkage cracking due to rapid drops in concrete
period and meet the required strength at the specified test age. temperature greater than 22 °C (40 oF) during the first 24 hours
3.3.5 Test values obtained in accordance with the appropriate unless otherwise specified.
ASTM Standard shall include compressive strength (C 192/ 3.8.2 Protection materials- Acceptable protection materials
C 192M or C 31/C 31M, and C 39/C 39M), flexural strength to prevent excessive temperature drops are insulating blankets,
(C 192/C 192M and eitherC 78 orC 293; C 311C 31Mand either batt insulation with moisture-proof covering, layers of dry
C 78 or C 293), or both; slump (C l43/C 143M); air content (C porous material such as straw, hay, or multiple layers of
impervious paper meeting ASTM C 171 . These protection
231 , C 173/C 173M, or C 138/C 138M); concrete density (unit
materials shall not be applied until the concrete surface
weight) (C 138/ C 138M); and concrete temperature (C 1064/
temperature has become steady or is beginning to decline.
C 1064M). Slump, air content, and concrete and air temperature
measurements shall be performed after initial mixing, inter-
FOREWORD TO CHECKLISTS
mediately as needed or as desired, and at the conclusion of Fl. This Foreword is included for explanatory purposes
the mixing period along with the other specified tests. only; it does not form a part of Specification ACI 305.1.
3.3.6 Acceptance of concrete mixture propol1ions- F2. ACI Specification 305.1 may be referenced by the
Submit to the ArchitectlEngineer for acceptance a request for Specifier in the Project Specification for any building
a specific higher maximum allowable concrete temperature. project, together with supplementary requirements for the
Include the constituent materials and proportions of the specific project. Responsibilities for project participants
proposed concrete mixture and all values obtained from past must be defined in the Project Specification. The ACI Spec-
field experience or preconstruction testing . Test results shall ification cannot and does not address responsibilities for any
be within the Project Specification ranges and tolerances . project participant other than the Contractor.
,
305 .1-6 ACI STANDARD

F3. Checklists do not form a part of ACI Specification F6. The Submittals Checklist identifies Specifier choices
305.1. Checklists assist the Specifier in selecting and speci- for information or data to be provided by the Contractor
fying project requirements in the Project Specification. before, during, or after construction.
F4. The Specifier shall make adjustments to the needs of a F7. Recommended references- Documents and publications
that are referenced in the Checklists of ACI Specification
particular project by reviewing each of the items in the
305.1 are listed. These references provide guidance to the
checklists and including the items the Specifier selects as
Specifier and are not considered to be part of ACI Specifi-
mandatory requirements in the Project Specification. cation 305.1.
F5. The Optional Requirements Checklist identifies Spec-
ifier choices and alternatives. The checklists identify the American Concrete Institute
Sections, Parts, and Articles of the reference specification 305R Hot Weather Concreting
308R Guide to Curing Concrete
and the action required or available to the Specifier.

OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST

SectionIPartiArticle Notes to Architect/Engineer

1.2 Review applicability of cited references and make exceptions if required.
The 1.0 kg/m:l/h (0.2 Ib/frL/h) default value may be revised by the ArchitectiEngineer. Concrete mixtures containing
3.1.3 conventional or ultra-fine pozzolan or other cementitious materials may require lower allowable evaporation rates.
Further guidance is available in Sections 2.1.4 through 2.1 .6 of ACI 305R.
3.2.1 A change in the maximum allowable concrete temperature may be appropriate. A maximum concrete temperature at
the time of discharge is often used in an effort to control strength, durability, plastic shrinkage cracking, thermal
cracking, and drying shrinkage. Generally, if concrete strengths are satisfactory and curing practices are sufficient to
avoid undesirable drying of surfaces, durability of hot weather concrete will not differ significantly from similar
concrete placed at normal temperatures. A higher allowable maximum concrete temperature may be specified by the
ArchitectiEngineer based on previous field experience, similar conditions, and concrete materials.
3.3.3 ACI 305R presents two additional trial batch procedures available for laboratory use. These procedures (A and B of
305R, Section 2.9.4) produce slump loss similar to that expected for 30- to 40-minute delivery times. The laboratory
trial batch procedure in Section 3.3.3 is based on delivery time plus holding times approaching 1- 112 hours. Specify
a shorter duration laboratory batch trial if applicable.
3.3.4 The default time of 90 minutes corresponds with the normal default time provided in ASTM C 94/C 94M. If a
different maximum field mixing time is to be permitted or required, the field trial batch time should be altered to
match the specification.
3.4.2 In hot weather, a time of less than 1-1/2 hours , such as 1 hour, may be specified. The limitations of ASTM C 94/
C 94M, Paragraph 11.7, are permitted to be waived by the purchaser if the concrete is of such slump that it can be
placed without the addition of water. With extended set control admixtures, concrete slump can be maintained
without the addition of water for up to 10 hours with no detrimental effect to the concrete in place.
3.8.1 Rapid temperature drops of the concrete can lead to thermal cracking. Concrete exposed to rapid cooling has a
lower tensile strain capacity and is more susceptible to cracking than concrete cooled slowly.

SUBMITTALS CHECKLIST

NOTE: The items listed will be submitted by the Contractor and reviewed by the ArchitectiEngineer.
otify the Contractor of acceptance or rejection after review of submittals. All submittals and responses should be retained in files for
future reference during the Work. Some submittal requirements shown will apply only when optional requirements are selected and written
into the Project Specifications. Once optional requirements have been selected, review the SectionlPartiArticle indicated for the submittal
item to see if it applies.
SectionlPartiArticie Submittal items and notes to Architect/Engineer

2.2.1 The submittal shall include concrete mixture adjustment parameters and methods to be implemented during changes
3.4.1 in weather conditions. These may include partial cement substitution with fly ash, pozzolans, or ground-granulated
blast-furnace slag; use of chemical admixtures, ice or chilled water, or liquid nitrogen; or cooling of aggregates.
3.3.6 These submittals are a result of the preconstruction testing to verify a proposed concrete mixture will function
satisfactorily at a concrete temperature greater than 35 °C (95 oF) . Full-size field batches are preferred over
laboratory batches. Submittals should include all test results.
3.6.1 Submit for approval the desired method to be used when concreting during periods with evaporation rates higher
than permitted.
 SPECIFICATION FOR HOT WEATHER CONCRETIN G 305.1-7

APPE NDIX A-THE MENZEL FOR MULA AN D evaporation rate could result in plastic shrinkage cracking,
ESTIM ATED SURFACE EVAPORATI ON RATES which is why the ArchitectlEngineer may select a lower
The modified NRMCA Nomograph for Estimated Surface specified value, for example 0.75 kg/m 2/h , in accordance
Evaporation Rates is intended as a graphical guide to determine with the Optional Requirements Checklist.
an approximate solution of the Menzel Formula described in
Section 3.1.3. The nomograph and this appendix are not a
part of ACI Specification 305.1. They are intended only to EXAMPLE OF MENZEL FORMULA
(U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS)
assist in field estimations of surface evaporation rates and do
not replace the Menzel Formula for meeting the requirements Air temperature

of Section 3.1.3. Relative humidity 45%

Concrete temperature
Wind speed V 10 mph
EXAMPLE OF MENZEL FORMULA (SI UNITS)
Air temperature 40 °C From Table 3.1 (b) for saturation pressure:
Relative humidity 45%
Concrete temperature of 95 OF: eo = 0.816 psi
Concrete temperature
Saturated water vapor pressure of air at 104 °F = 1.070 psi
Wind speed V 16 kmlh
ea =1.070 x 0.45 =0.48 psi (limited to two significantfigures
by relative humidity value)
From Table 3.1 (a) for saturation pressure:
Concrete temperature of 35 °C: eo = 5.623 kPa
Calculations: W =O.44(e o - ea)(0.253 + 0.096V)
Saturated water vapor pressure of air at 40 °C = 7.374 kPa
W = 0.44(0.816 - (1.070 x 0.45»(0.253 + (0.096 x 10»
ea =7.374 x 0.45 = 3.3 kPa (limited to two significant figures
by relati ve humidity value) (precision on wind speed is two significant figures)
(precision on subtraction of vapor pressures limited to two
Calculations: W = 0.315(e o - ea)(0.253 + 0.060'0 decimal places)
W = 0.315(5.623 - (7.374 x 0.45»(0.253 + (0.060 x 16»
W = 0.44(0.82 - 0.48)(0.253 + 0.96)
(precision on wind speed is two significant figures)
(precision on addition of 0.253 + 0.96 limited to two
(precision on subtraction of vapor pressures limited to two
decimal places)
significant figures)
W = 0.44(0.34)(1.21)
W = 0.315(5.623 - 3.318)(0.253 + 0.96)
(precision limited to two significant figures by 0.34 and by
(precision on addition of 0.253 + 0.96 limited to two
empirical constant 0.44)
decimal places)

W = 0.3 15(2.3)(1.21) W = 0.18 Ib/ft2/h

(precision limited to two significant figures by 2.3) In this example, 0.18lb/tt2/h is less than the value (0.2Ib/tt2/h,
specified in Section 3.1.3. This example would indicate that,
W = 0.88 kg/m 2/h although the evaporation rate is approaching the specified
In this example, 0.88 kglm 2/h is less than the specified limit, measures to reduce the evaporation rate would not be
evaporation rate of free surface water of 1.0 kg/m 2/h , as required by specification. For some mixtures , however, this
listed in Section 3.1.3. This example would indicate that, evaporation rate could result in plastic shrinkage cracking,
although the evaporation rate is approaching the specified which is why the ArchitectlEngineer may select a lower
limit, measures to reduce the evaporation rate would not be specified value, for example 0.15 Ib/ft 2/h , in accordance with
required by specification. For some mixtures, however, this the Optional Req uirements Checklist.
305.1-8 ACI STANDARD

NRMCA NOMOGRAPH FOR ESTIMATING EVAPORATION RATE

ON THE BASIS OF MENZEL FORMULA

deg C
5 15 25 35

Relative
humidity 100 pe

40 50 60 70 80 90
Air temperature, deg F

To use this chart: 0.8

I. Enter with ai r
temperature, move
-
.c Q.7
~0 .6
~ to relative humidity

--
."
..c

-
""-
2. Move right to :: 05 N
c: . E
concrete 0

temperatu re e 0.4
0
Q.
T';''''--_-+- 2.0 ~

0
3. Move down to ~ 0.3
wind speed '0
~ 0 .2 .0
cr
4. Move left; read
approximate rate 0 .1
of evaporation

Effect of concrete and air temperatures, relative humidity, and wind speed on the rate of evapora-
tion of sUlface moisture from concrete. This chart provides a graphic method of estimating
the loss of sUiface moisture for various weather conditions. To use this chal1, follow the four steps
outlined above. If the rate of evaporation approaches I kg/m21h (0.2 lb;frlh), precautions against
plastic-shrinkage cracking are necessary (Lerch 1957). Wind speed is the average horizontal air
or wind speed in kmlh (mph) and should be measured at a le vel approximately 510 mm (20 in.)
higher than the evaporating suiface. Air temperature and relative humidity should be measured at
a level approximately 1.2 to 1.8 m (4 to 6ft) higher than the evaporating sUiface on its windward
side shieldedfrom the sun's rays (pe A JoumaI1 957).
 (~[I~
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