Mass Storage Structure

1. Which RAID level refers to disk mirroring?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
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Answer: (b).1
2. The amount of time required to read a block of data from a disk into memory is composed of seek time,
rotational latency, and transfer time. Rotational latency refers to
a. the time its takes for the platter to make a full rotation
b. the time it takes for the read-write head to move into position over the appropriate track
c. the time it takes for the platter to rotate the correct sector under the head
d. none of the above
Answer: (a).the time its takes for the platter to make a full rotation
3. ______ is used in operating system to separate mechanism from policy.
a. Single level implementation
b. Two level implementation
c. Multi level implementation
d. None of the above
Answer: (b).Two level implementation
4. I/O hardware contains
a. Bus
b. Controller
c. I/O port and its registers
d. All of the mentioned
Answer: (d).All of the mentioned

5. The data-in register of I/O port is
a. Read by host to get input
b. Read by controller to get input
c. Written by host to send output
d. Written by host to start a command
Answer: (a).Read by host to get input
6. The host sets _____ bit when a command is available for the controller to execute.
a. write
b. status
c. command-ready
d. control
Answer: (c).command-ready
7. When hardware is accessed by reading and writing to the specific memory locations, then it is called
a. port-mapped I/O
b. controller-mapped I/O
c. bus-mapped I/O
d. none of the mentioned
Answer: (d).none of the mentioned
8. Device drivers are implemented to interface
a. character devices
b. block devices
c. network devices
d. all of the mentioned
Answer: (d).all of the mentioned

9. Which hardware triggers some operation after certain programmed count?
a. programmable interval timer
b. interrupt timer
c. programmable timer
Answer: (a).programmable interval timer
10. The device-status table contains
a. each I/O device type
b. each I/O device address
c. each I/O device state

11. Which buffer holds the output for a device?
a. spool
b. output
c. status
d. magic

Answer: (a).spool
12. Which one of the following connects high-speed high-bandwidth device to memory subsystem and CPU.
a. Expansion bus
b. PCI bus
c. SCSI bus
d. None of the mentioned
Answer: (a).Expansion bus
13. A process is moved to wait queue when I/O request is made with
a. non-blocking I/O
b. blocking I/O
c. asynchronous I/O
d. synchronous I/O
Answer: (b).blocking I/O
14. In _______ information is recorded magnetically on platters.
a. magnetic disks
b. electrical disks
c. assemblies
d. cylinders
Answer: (a).magnetic disks
15. The heads of the magnetic disk are attached to a _____ that moves all the heads as a unit.
a. spindle
b. disk arm
c. track
Answer: (b).disk arm
16. The set of tracks that are at one arm position make up a ___________
a. magnetic disks
b. electrical disks
c. assemblies
d. cylinders
Answer: (d).cylinders
17. The time taken to move the disk arm to the desired cylinder is called the :
a. positioning time
b. random access time

c. seek time
d. rotational latency
Answer: (c).seek time
18. The time taken for the desired sector to rotate to the disk head is called :
a. positioning time
b. random access time
c. seek time
d. rotational latency
Answer: (d).rotational latency
19. When the head damages the magnetic surface, it is known as _________
a. disk crash
b. head crash
c. magnetic damage
Answer: (b).head crash
20. A floppy disk is designed to rotate ___________ as compared to a hard disk drive.
a. faster
b. slower
c. at the same speed
Answer: (b).slower
21. The host controller is :

a. controller built at the end of each disk
b. controller at the computer end of the bus
c. all of the mentioned
Answer: (b).controller at the computer end of the bus
22. ______ controller sends the command placed into it, via messages to the _____ controller.
a. host, host
b. disk, disk
c. host, disk
d. disk, host
Answer: (c).host, disk
23. The disk bandwidth is :
a. the total number of bytes transferred
b. total time between the first request for service and the completion on the last transfer
c. the total number of bytes transferred divided by the total time between the first request for service and the
completion on the last transfer
Answer: (c).the total number of bytes transferred divided by the total time between the first request for service and
the completion on the last transfer
24. Whenever a process needs I/O to or from a disk it issues a ______________
a. system call to the CPU
b. system call to the operating system
c. a special procedure
Answer: (b).system call to the operating system

25. If a process needs I/O to or from a disk, and if the drive or controller is busy then :
a. the request will be placed in the queue of pending requests for that drive
b. the request will not be processed and will be ignored completely
c. the request will be not be placed
Answer: (a).the request will be placed in the queue of pending requests for that drive
26. Consider a disk queue with requests for I/O to blocks on cylinders :
98 183 37 122 14 124 65 67
Considering SSTF (shortest seek time first) scheduling, the total number of head movements is, if the disk head
is initially at 53 :
a. 600
b. 620
c. 630
d. 640

Answer: (d).640
27. Random access in magnetic tapes is _________ compared to magnetic disks.
a. fast
b. very fast
c. slow
d. very slow
Answer: (d).very slow
28. Magnetic tape drives can write data at a speed ________ disk drives.
a. much lesser than
b. comparable to
c. much faster than
Answer: (b).comparable to
29. On media that use constant linear velocity (CLV), the _____________ is uniform.
a. density of bits on the disk
b. density of bits per sector
c. the density of bits per track
Answer: (c).the density of bits per track
30. SSTF algorithm, like SJF __________ of some requests.
a. may cause starvation

b. will cause starvation
c. does not cause starvation
d. causes aging
Answer: (a).may cause starvation
31. In the ______ algorithm, the disk arm starts at one end of the disk and moves
toward the other end, servicing requests till the other end of the disk. At the
other end, the direction is reversed and servicing continues.
a. LOOK
b. SCAN
c. C-SCAN
d. C-LOOK
Answer: (b).SCAN
32. In the _______ algorithm, the disk head moves from one end to the other , servicing requests along the way.
When the head reaches the other end, it immediately returns to the beginning of the disk without servicing any
requests on the return trip.
a. LOOK
b. SCAN
c. C-SCAN
d. C-LOOK
Answer: (c).C-SCAN
33. In the ______ algorithm, the disk arm goes as far as the final request in each direction, then reverses direction
immediately without going to the end of the disk.
a. LOOK
b. SCAN
c. C-SCAN
d. C-LOOK
Answer: (a).LOOK
34. The process of dividing a disk into sectors that the disk controller can read and write, before a disk can store
data is known as :
a. partitioning
b. swap space creation
c. low-level formatting
Answer: (c).low-level formatting
35. The data structue for a sector typically contains :
a. header
b. data area
c. trailer
36. The header and trailer of a sector contain information used by the disk controller such as _________ and _________
a. main section & disk identifier
b. error correcting codes (ECC) & sector number
c. sector number & main section
d. disk identifier & sector number
Answer: (b).error correcting codes (ECC) & sector number

37. The two steps the operating system takes to use a disk to hold its files are _______ and ________
a. partitioning & logical formatting
b. swap space creation & caching
c. caching & logical formatting
d. logical formatting & swap space creation
Answer: (a).partitioning & logical formatting
38. The _______ program initializes all aspects of the system, from CPU registers to device controllers and the
contents of main memory, and then starts the operating system.
a. main
b. bootloader
c. bootstrap
d. rom

Answer: (c).bootstrap
39. For most computers, the bootstrap is stored in ________
a. RAM
b. ROM
c. Cache
d. Tertiary storage
Answer: (b).ROM
40. A disk that has a boot partition is called a _________
a. start disk
b. end disk
c. boot disk

Answer: (c).boot disk
41. Defective sectors on disks are often known as __________
a. good blocks
b. destroyed blocks
c. bad blocks

Answer: (c).bad blocks
42. In SCSI disks used in high end PCs, the controller maintains a list of _________ on the disk. The disk is initialized
during ________ formatting which sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system.
a. destroyed blocks, high level formatting
b. bad blocks, partitioning
c. bad blocks, low level formatting
d. destroyed blocks, partitioning
Answer: (c).bad blocks, low level formatting
43. An unrecoverable error is known as _________
a. hard error
b. tough error
c. soft error
Answer: (a).hard error
44. Virtual memory uses disk space as an extension of _________
a. secondary storage
b. main memory
c. tertiary storage
Answer: (b).main memory
45. Using swap space significantly _________ system performance.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. maintains
d. does not affect
Answer: (b).decreases
46. Linux __________ the use of multiple swap spaces.
a. allows
b. does not allow
c. may allow
Answer: (a).allows
47. A single swap space ______ reside in two places.
a. can
b. cannot
c. must not
Answer: (a).can
48. If the swap space is simply a large file, within the file system, ____________ used to create it, name it and allocate
its space.
a. special routines must be
b. normal file system routines can be
c. normal file system routines cannot be
d. swap space storage manager is
Answer: (b).normal file system routines can be
49. For swap space created in a seperate disk partition where no file system or directory structure is placed,
_____________ used to allocate and deallocate the blocks.
a. special routines must be
b. normal file system routines can be
c. normal file system routines cannot be
d. swap space storage manager is
Answer: (d).swap space storage manager is
50. When a fixed amount of swap space is created during disk partitioning,
more swap space can be added only by :
I) repartitioning of the disk
II) adding another swap space elsewhere
a. only I
b. only II
c. both I and II
d. neither I nor II
Answer: (c).both I and II
51. In UNIX, two per process ________ are used by the kernel to track swap space use.
a. process tables
b. swap maps
c. memory maps
d. partition maps
Answer: (b).swap maps
52. It is __________ to reread a page from the file system than to write it to swap space and then to reread it from
there.
a. useless
b. less efficient
c. more efficient
Answer: (c).more efficient
53. RAID level 3 supports a lower number of I/Os per second, because
_______________
a. Every disk has to participate in every I/O request
b. Only one disk participates per I/O request
c. I/O cycle consumes a lot of CPU time
d. All of the mentioned
Answer: (a).Every disk has to participate in every I/O request
54. RAID level _____ is also known as block interleaved parity organisation and uses block level striping and keeps a
parity block on a separate disk.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Answer: (d).4
55. A performance problem with _________ is the expense of computing and writing parity.
a. non-parity based RAID levels
b. parity based RAID levels
c. all RAID levels
Answer: (b).parity based RAID levels
56. In RAID level 4, one block read, accesses __________
a. only one disk
b. all disks simultaneously
c. all disks sequentially
Answer: (a).only one disk

57. The overall I/O rate in RAID level 4 is :
a. low
b. very low
c. high
Answer: (c).high
58. A write of a block has to access :
a. the disk on which the block is stored
b. parity disk
c. a parity block

59. RAID level 5 is also known as :
a. bit-interleaved parity organization
b. block-interleaved parity organization
c. block-interleaved distributed parity
d. memory-style ECC organization
Answer: (c).block-interleaved distributed parity
60. RAID level ____ spreads parity and data among all N+1 disks rather than storing data in N disks and parity in 1.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
Answer: (c).5
61. The potential overuse of a single parity disk is avoided in RAID level _______
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
Answer: (c).5
62. RAID level 0+1 is used because, RAID level 0 provides ______ whereas RAID level 1 provides ________
a. performance, redundancy
b. performance, reliability
c. redundancy, performance

Answer: (b).performance, reliability
63. If a disk fails in RAID level ___ rebuilding lost data is easiest.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Answer: (a).1
64. A large number of disks in a system improves the rate at which data can be
read or written :
a. if the disks are operated on sequentially
b. if the disks are operated on selectively
c. if the disks are operated in parallel
Answer: (c).if the disks are operated in parallel
65. RAID stands for :
a. Redundant Allocation of Inexpensive Disks
b. Redundant Array of Important Disks
c. Redundant Allocation of Independent Disks
d. Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Answer: (d).Redundant Array of Independent Disks

66. If the mean time to failure of a single disk is 100,000 hours, then the mean time to failure of some disk in an
array of 100 disks will be :
a. 100 hours
b. 10 days
c. 10 hours
d. 1000 hours
Answer: (d).1000 hours
67. The solution to the problem of reliability is the introduction of __________
a. aging
b. scheduling
c. redundancy
d. disks
Answer: (c).redundancy
68. The technique of duplicating every disk is known as :
a. mirroring
b. shadowing
c. redundancy

Answer: (a).mirroring
69. The mean time to failure of a mirrored disk depends on :

I) the mean time to failure of individual disks
II) the mean time to repair
a. Only I
b. Only II
c. Both I and II
d. Neither I nor II
Answer: (c).Both I and II
70. RAID level ________ refers to disk arrays with striping at the level of blocks, but without any
redundancy.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
Answer: (a).0
71. RAID level _______ refers to disk mirroring.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
Answer: (b).1
72. RAID level ______ is also known as bit interleaved parity organisation.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
Answer: (d).3
73. A single parity bit can be used for :
a. detection
b. multiple error corrections
c. few error corrections
Answer: (a).detection
74. RAID level ______ is also known as memory style error correcting code(ECC) organization.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Answer: (b).2
75. RAID level 3 does not have _________ as in RAID level 1.
a. efficiency
b. enough storage space for data
c. storage overhead
d. time consumption overhead
Answer: (c).storage overhead
76. Tertiary storage is built with :
a. a lot of money
b. unremovable media
c. removable media
d. secondary storage
Answer: (c).removable media
77. Floppy disks are examples of :
a. primary storage
b. secondary storage
c. tertiary storage
Answer: (c).tertiary storage
78. A magneto-optic disk is :
a. primary storage
b. secondary storage
c. removable disk

Answer: (c).removable disk
79. The magneto-optic head flies ___________ the disk surface than a magnetic disk head does.
a. much farther from
b. much closer to
c. at the same distance as
Answer: (a).much farther from
80. Optical disks ______ magnetism.
a. use
b. do not use
c. may use
Answer: (b).do not use
81. The phase change disk is coated with a material that can freeze into either
_______ or ________ state.
a. crystalline, solid
b. ice, amorphous
c. crystalline, liquid
d. crystalline, amorphous
Answer: (d).crystalline, amorphous
82. WORM stands for :
a. write only, read mandatory
b. write once, read many times

c. write only once, read multiple
Answer: (b).write once, read many times
83. A tape holds _______ data than optical or magnetic disk cartridge.
a. lesser
b. more
c. much lesser
Answer: (b).more
84. Random access to tape is _______ a disk seek.
a. much slower than

b. much faster than
c. comparable to
Answer: (a).much slower than
85. A typical tape drive is ________ a typical disk drive.
a. more expensive than

b. cheaper than
c. of the same cost as
Answer: (a).more expensive than
86. The surface area of a tape is ________ the surface area of a disk.
a. much lesser than
b. much larger than
c. equal to
Answer: (b).much larger than

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1. Which RAID level refers to disk mirroring?

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d. none of the above

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a. Single level implementation

b. Two level implementation

c. Multi level implementation

d. None of the above

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Answer: (b).Two level implementation

4. I/O hardware contains

c. I/O port and its registers

d. All of the mentioned

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Answer: (d).All of the mentioned

a. Read by host to get input

b. Read by controller to get input

c. Written by host to send output

d. Written by host to start a command

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Answer: (a).Read by host to get input

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d. none of the mentioned

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Answer: (d).none of the mentioned

8. Device drivers are implemented to interface

d. all of the mentioned

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Answer: (d).all of the mentioned

a. programmable interval timer

d. none of the mentioned

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Answer: (a).programmable interval timer

10. The device-status table contains

a. each I/O device type

b. each I/O device address

c. each I/O device state

d. all of the mentioned

Answer: (d).all of the mentioned

11. Which buffer holds the output for a device?

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d. None of the mentioned

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14. In _______ information is recorded magnetically on platters.

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b. random access time

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b. random access time

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d. all of the mentioned

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c. at the same speed

d. none of the mentioned

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21. The host controller is :

b. controller at the computer end of the bus

c. all of the mentioned