Republic of the Philippines

Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus

Department of Teacher Education
San Isidro, Biliran, Biliran

COMPILATION OF ACTIVITIES

in

The child & adolescent learners &

Learning principles

Submitted by:
Crissalyn Joy A. Sanico
BSEd–Gen. Science 1

Submitted to:
Aina P. Gervacio, MAT

Lesson 2

Pre-activity
1. Do you agree that which is developing in the womb is a mere “blob of tissue”
or “uterine contents” as abortionists claim? Share your explanation.

ANSWER: Yes, I would agree that the fetus may look like a “blob of tissue”,
however abortionists shouldn’t say that it is just a mere “blob of tissue” because
that tissue is life. It is the beginning of life and it is important.

2. Why are pregnant mothers advised not to smoke, not to drink alcohol drinks,
not to take any medication without doctor’s advice? Give some hazards of pre-
natal development.

ANSWER: Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages has a big impact to the
growing fetus/baby inside the mother’s womb. These causes includes low
weight of the baby when born which is harmful and may lead to the baby’s
death, chances of getting pneumonia, asthma, undeveloped lungs of the baby
and even death.

3. What are proofs that which is developing in the mother’s womb is a living
human being?

ANSWER: There are several proofs that inside a woman’s womb are a living
human being. First is the heartbeat, heartbeat of the fetus can be heard during
the late stage of the first trimester of pregnancy. Second, movements inside the
womb, it is commonly observed on the second to third trimester of the
pregnancy these caused by the movement of the fetus inside the mother’s
womb, it is commonly visible outside the womb (tummy). And lastly, in the
early stage of the third trimester the body parts, organs, and everything that a
human body is composed of is starting to be fully developed and just waiting for
birth in which it is considered to be a fully developed human being.

Activity 2.1

 here are pictures of children at different ages. Each one is a bundle of

possibilities.

A.
B.
 1. Describe what they were before birth and who they will possibly be after
birth unto adulthood. What will they possible become?

ANSWER: Before birth they were once a fetus floating in their mother’s
womb. After conception and child birth they slowly developed things that
they need to survive and adapt to the outside world. They’ve both
undergone infancy, which is the stage that follows childbirth this is the
learning and developing their skills that is needed for their everyday
living as they grow. As they grow there are different stages of
development before they enter adulthood. In between the stages of birth
and adulthood, the outcome of the child during these stages depends on
the behavior the child is exhibiting or living in.

Analysis
When you gave your own predictions as to the kind of children they may
become and hypothesized on how they once were, you were referring to human
development.

1. What is development?

ANSWER: Development is the process of developing skills, abilities and

growth of an individual.

2. Will child A be able to do all of what child B can do? Why or why not?

ANSWER: Yes, child A can do what child B can do when he/she grow up
because as an infant grow up he/she develops something during his/her
development stage.

3. Will there be common in the pattern of development of them? Will there

be differences in their development? Write your responses in the table
below:

Common in Development Differences in Development

Both undergo through the infancy Differ in the ways they develop habits,
stage. these will be based on the
surroundings they live In and they are
The things that they develop during
familiar with.
early childhood are the same no matter
what circumstances
. Differ in aspects of gaining
Both will learn to talk, say his/her knowledge. May not be able to go to
name. school.
Both can recognize their parents, Different in ways of communicating
family members, close acquaintances and socializing.
and people they are familiar with.

4. Do you believe that both children will continue to develop even in

adulthood? Or will they stop developing in adulthood?

ANSWER: Yes, both children will continue to develop even in their

adulthood because development is an endless process of learning. As long
as a person is alive, he/she wouldn’t stop developing something. This is
both beneficial and a tiring process. The only way we can say that a
person stopped developing is when he/she dies.

Abstraction

The following are characteristics of life-span development according to Paul

Baltes. Give your insights to these.
 1. Development is lifelong.

Answer: development is lifelong because it is an endless process of

learning. Eventhough and individual grows older his/her learning
continues.

2. Development is plastic.

Answer: development is plastic because anytime the learning or the

development an individual gained may be altered anytime.

3. Development is multi-dimensional.

Answer:

4. Development is contextual.

Answer: development is indeed contextual because it depends or varies

on the context or to the situation of the individual.

5. Development involves growth, maintenance and regulation.

Answer: Growth is involved in development because as an individual

grows, certain learning is acquired. Maintenance and regulation is also
involved in the development of an individual’s way of living.

Application

Directions: State the five characteristics of human development from a life-span

perspective and give their implications to child care, education and parenting.

Characteristics of human development from a Educational Implication to Child Care,

life-span perspective Education and Parenting
 1. Development is lifelong. This is a systematic statement of principles,
assumptions, ideas and generalizations that
provide framework for understanding how
and why people changes as they grow older.

2 Multidimensional This method is thought to present a different

point of view for thinking in the educational
field.

3. Multidisciplinary There are numerous academic fields that

contribute to these insights including
psychology, biology, education,
neuroscience, sociology, and many more.

4. Multidirectional The human characteristics is not always in a

straight line, it change in every direction
without prior notice.

5. Plastic Every individual and their respective traits

may be altered at any point in their life span.

Activity 2.2 The Stages of Development and Developmental Tasks

For every development stage, there is an expected developmental task. What

happens when the expected development tasks are not achieved at the
corresponding developmental stage?

Answer: Failure to achieve a development task at the corresponding stage

might cause a child to be anti-social and poor relation with other children of the
same age.

Analysis

1. Do the pictures suggest the respective developmental stages?

 Answer: Yes, the pictures shown above shows the respective
developmental stages of an individual’s life.

2. If you were given a chance, which development stage would you like to
be in? Why?

Answer: The developmental stage that I would like to be in is in the

middle and late childhood and the early adulthood because I want to re-
experience my life with my deceased grandmother. I want to experience
how much she loves and took care of me and also to make sure I’d make
her feel how much I love her.

Abstraction

3. What is the outstanding trait or behavior of each developmental stage?

Answer:
1) pre-natal (gains weight, brain develops, immunity system develops, eyes
open, hiccups begin)
2) infancy (cries, eats every 2-3 hours, responds to human voice and touch,
begins to walk and talk)
3) early childhood (climbs stairs, learns more complex sentences, can hop,
learns to socialize)
4) middle and late childhood (develops complex motor skills, peer acceptance is
extremely important)
5) adolescence (puberty occurs, establishes a sense of self, confrontations with
authority)
6) early adulthood / young adult (learns to accept responsibility, learns to accept
criticism)
7) middle adulthood (concerned about job and health and family, hearing and
vision decrease)
8) late adulthood (concerned about health and finances, bones become brittle,
some memory loss)

4. What task/s is/are expected of each developmental stage?

Answer: The broad “jobs” of childhood that need to be accomplished in

each stage in order for children to learn life skills at the appropriate times.
The tasks of one stage do not need to be completely mastered before a child
begins the tasks of the next stage. However, the sooner he masters a task, the
easier it will be to tackle the tasks of the next stage.

1. Infancy
- learning to trust their environment
- believing that their needs are important
- feeling loved and worthy of being cared for
- establishing a bond with their caretakers
- exploring their world
2. Early childhood
- becoming more independent
- beginning to see themselves as separate from the parent
- “owning things” – this age group does not like to share (even things
that are not their own!)
- continuing to explore their world
- beginning to identify feelings and express them in appropriate ways
3. Middle and late childhood
- learning how to plan out and engage in a task
- continuing to explore their world and discover how it works
- learning how to use power
- learning that behaviors have consequences
- acquiring socially appropriate behavior

4. Adolescence
- mastering difficult tasks
- accepting and following rules and internalizing them
- developing responsibility
 - learning many new skills, including social skills (especially same-sex
peer relationships)
- selecting adult role models of the same sex
- continuing to learn how the world works
- increasing their independence
- enhancing their ability to reason
- becoming more cooperative
5. Early Adulthood
- establishing their own identity
- separating emotionally from parents
- experimenting with different values and deciding their own values
- learning about how to relate to the opposite sex
- beginning to renegotiate relationships with family members
6. Middle Adulthood
- Physical changes occur
- Main concerns: children, health, job, security, aging parents, and fear
of aging.
- Love and acceptance still take a major role

7. Late Adulthood
- Fastest growing age bracket of society
- Physical deterioration
- Some memory problems
- Coping with retirement and forms of entertainment
- Very concerned with health and finances
- Significant number becomes depressed; suicide rate is high
Stage Outstanding Expected Tasks
Trait/Behavior
cries, eats every 2-3 hours, learns to walk, learns to take
Infancy responds to human voice and solid food, learns to talk,
touch, begins to walk and talk distinguishes right from
wrong

climbs stairs, learns more Learns to control body waste

Early Childhood complex sentences, can hop, elimination, readiness for
learns to socialize reading

complex motor skills, peer learns physical skills for

Middle and Late acceptance is extremely ordinary games, learns
Childhood important appropriate sex roles

puberty occurs, establishes a Prepares for marriage life,

Adolescence sense of self, confrontations achieve mature relations with
with authority both sexes

accepts responsibility, learns Selecting a mate, starts a

Early Adulthood to accept criticism family, starts an occupation

concerned about job and Satisfactory career

Middle Adulthood health and family, hearing achievement, adjusts to aging
and vision decrease parent

concerned about health and Adjust to decreasing strength

Late Adulthood finances, bones become and health, retirement and
brittle, memory loss reduced income

Application
1. Using the matrix below write at least two indicators of the
developmental
Developmenta Physical Cognitive Socio-emotional Spiritual Creative arts
l milestones development development development development development
Fine Gross nume linguis interpe intrap moral Awe visual perfo
 motor motor racy tic rsonal erson & rmin
al wond g
er
0-5 Can Can Can Can Separa Involv Afraid Curio Mimics Can
color stand count talk tion ing to lie. us movem sing
and on one from with anxiety paren about ements. simpl
conne foot 1 to 5 other . ts in anythi Respon e
ct dots for a people Devel prove ng. se to nurse
on few using ops dures. wave ry
their second simple sense fears and rhym
own s words of unfa es.
goodby
withou miliar Can
trust. es
t losing situa danc
balanc e
tion
e easy
steps
.
6-10

11-15

16-20

21-25

26-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

61-and over

2. What are the implications of the development tasks to your role as

a teacher and or as a parent?

Developmental stages As a Teacher As a Parent

Early childhood I should give them attention. I ought to help my child by being
patient and understanding that
they should be guided.
Middle and late childhood Be considerate and patient. And I would be more understanding
share ideas and knowledge that and should be more considerate
they can use I their lives. because this is the stage where
they need someone who would
 listen and understand their
feelings.
Adolescence Understand that this is the “rebel” I should trust my children more on
phase and talk to them when they their decision making and guide
need someone to listen. them thoroughly.
Early adulthood/college Understand and talk to them Support my child’s decisions and
because this stage is full of ideas. And guide them in their
pressure, from family, friends, relationship troubles.
work, relationship and life.
Middle adulthood Stay with them.

Late adulthood I’d be lucky if I reach this stage.

3. Reflect on your childhood, middle, and late childhood days. Were

you able to acquire the
developmental tasks expected of early, middle, late childhood and
adolescence? What facilitated
your acquisitions of the ability to perform such tasks?

Answer: I honestly have trouble recalling my childhood days. I have

small fragments of those memories and based on those, not all
developmental tasks were acquired. It may be because every child is
different from one another, some of us may have acquired the exact
developmental task from the child they have studied but some may
have not. It is okay, because as long as a child grows he or she will
eventually develop abilities and skills that Is needed in their lives.
Activity 2.3 Issues on Human Development

Each of us has his/her own informal way of looking at our own and other
people’s development. These paradigms of human development while
obviously lacking in scholastic vigor, provide us with conceptual framework for
understanding ourselves and others. Scholars have come up with their own
models of human development. Back up solid research, they take stand on
issues on human development.

1. From the following topics and issues on human development, choose one and
take your stand on it.

Write your answer on the box below.

a. Which has a more significant influence on human development?

 Nature versus Nurture

b. Does development involve gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or

distinct changes (discontinuity)?

 Continuity versus Discontinuity

c. Is development best described as involving stability or as involving change?

 Stability versus Change

Analysis
 1. Both nature and nurture plays significant roles in human development but
nature is significant during the crucial stage which is the early
development stage but as the human develops, nurture takes over. So,
therefore, I would side with nurture. Because human development
doesn’t totally depends on the nature that surrounds him but rather on
how a person is nurtured by the parents. No matter how good the
surroundings are if the child is nurtured poorly he/she will eventually
have a poor development.
2. Human development both involves discontinuity and continuity, but
discontinuity is actually more observed than continuity. Few children
develops a continuous development while most actually changes
differently as they grow older.
3. Stability and change are observed depending on a child’s development.
But in most human development, change is commonly observed. No
human has developed the same way as one another, most of us is different
in varying aspects. Stability is what we can see on robots which are
programmed and synchronized in moves and follows one particular order.

Abstraction
Directions: Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the following:

Nature vs. Nurture

Continuity vs. Discontinuity

Stability vs. Change

Application

1. As far as our discussion is concerned, which statement is correct and

which one is wrong? Put a √ before the correct statement and mark x the
wrong one. Explain why?

x 1. Heredity exerts a greater influence on human development than

environment.

Explanation: Heredity influences human development but the environment that

the child grows in gives more influence to the behavior the child will develop.

√ 2. What has been experienced in the earlier stages of development can no

longer be changed.

√ 3. From the perspective of life-span developmentalist, later experiences are

the key determinants of a person’s development.
2. Read at least 3 researches related to the chosen issue on human development
and present it using the matrix below:
Nature vs Nurture

source : https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-nature-versus-nurture-

2795392#:~:text=Nature%20refers%20to%20all%20of%20the%20genes%20and,raised%2C

%20our%20social%20relationships%2C%20and%20our%20surrounding%20culture.

Problem: Do genetic or environmental factors have a greater influence on your behavior? Do

inherited traits or life experiences play a greater role in shaping your personality?

findings: What researchers do know is that the interaction between heredity and environment

is often the most important factor of all. Kevin Davies of PBS's Nova described one

fascinating example of this phenomenon. Perfect pitch is the ability to detect the pitch of a

musical tone without any reference. Researchers have found that this ability tends to run in

families and believe that it might be tied to a single gene. However, they've also discovered

that possessing the gene alone is not enough to develop this ability. Instead, musical training

during early childhood is necessary to allow this inherited ability to manifest itself.

Conclusion: Today, the majority of experts believe that both nature and nurture influence

behavior and development. However, the issue still rages on in many areas such as in the

debate on the origins of homosexuality and influences on intelligence. While few people take

the extreme nativist or radical empiricist approach, researchers and experts still debate the

degree to which biology and environment influence behavior.