UNIT 1

1: A measuring system consists of

A. Sensors
B. Variable conversion elements
C. Signal processing elements
D. All of these
2: What should be the size of the slide wire of the potentiometer to make it to achieve high
accuracy?
A. As long as possible
B. As short as possible
C. 1 meter
D. Neither too thin nor too thick.

3. Silicon and germanium can act as piezo resistive materials. ________________

A. True
B. False
Answer: a (Under doped condition, silicon and germanium can act as piezo resistive
materials)
4. A Piezo-electric crystal generates voltage when subjected to ________ force.
A. Electrical
B. Mechanical
C. Gravity
D. All of the above
5. Bellows are made of
A) Thin copper
B) plastic
C) leather
D) paper
6. The smallest change which a sensor can detect is termed:
A. Accuracy
B. Precision
C. Resolution
D. Scale
7. Sound to electrical energy transducer:
A. Microphone
B. AFR
C. Tactile sensor
D. Pellistor
8. Unequal impedance of the four gauge arms can be best compensated by:
A. Adding a parallel resistor to one or more of the gauge arms
B. Removing half the gauges
C. Increasing length of gauge arms,
D. None of the above

9. Gauge factor of thick film resistors is:

A. 1
 B. 10
C. 100
D. 1000
10. To detect very small changes in resistance strain gauges are configured with:
A. Wheatstone bridge
B. Maxwell’s Bridge
C. Hay’s Bridge
D. Anderson Bridge
Ans: (A) To detect very small changes in resistance strain gauges are configured with
Wheatstone bridges.
11. Which of the following is a practical application of Strain Gauge?
A. Cables of civil bridges
B. Railway Engineering
C. Aerospace Engineering
D. All of these
ANS: D
✓ Given below are practical applications of Strain Gauges.
✓ Bridges are often installed with a gauge that detects wind speed and its strain on bridge
cables
✓ In railways, a strain gauge is employed for measuring strain on rails. In case of required
maintenance, they can signal a warning
✓ A strain bridge finds a large number of applications in aerospace engineering. It is used to
measure stresses on wings as well it is used in different configurations with onboard
electronics.
12. A strain gauge is a passive transducer and is employed for converting
A) Mechanical displacement into a change of resistance
B) Pressure into displacement
C) Force into a displacement
D) Pressure into a change of resistance
13. An inverse transducer is a device which converts
A) Electrical energy into thermal energy
B) Electrical energy into light energy
C) An electrical quantity into a non-electrical quantity
D) Electrical quantity into the mechanical quantity
14. Certain type of materials generates an electrostatic charge or voltage when mechanical
force is applied across them. Such materials are called
A) Piezo-electric
B) Photo-resistive
C) Photo-electric
D) Thermo-electric
15. S1: Transducer is a device which converts the physical into an electrical quantity
S2: The transducer is also called a sensor.
A) S2 is true & S1 is false
B) Both S1 & S2 are true
C) S1 is true & S2 is false
D) Both S1 & S2 are false
16. In an LVDT, the two secondary voltages
A) Are always in phase quadrature
B) Are independent of the core position
C) Vary unequally depending on the core position
D) Vary equally depending on the core position
17. The sensitivity factor of strain gauge is normally of the order of
A) 1 to 1.5
B) 5 to 10
C) 0.5 to 1.0
D) 1.5 to 2.0
18. In wire-wound strain gauges, the change in resistance is due to
A) Change in both length and diameter
B) Change in resistivity
C) Change in length of the wire
D) Change in diameter of the wire
19. LVDT is an/a _______ transducer
A) Inductive
B) Magneto-striction
C) Resistive
D) Eddy current
20. Bonded wire strain gauges are
A) Pressure measurement
B) Exclusively used for stress analysis
C) Exclusively used for the construction of transducers
D) Used for both stress analysis and construction of the transducer
21. Change in output of sensor with change in input is ____________
a) Threshold
b) Slew rate
c) Sensitivity
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: c, Explanation: Sensitivity of a sensor is the change in output for a change in input.
22. Sensor is a type of transducer.
a) True
b) False
Ans: a, Sensor is a device which enables measurement of input value.
23. Which of the following is not an analog sensor?
a) Potentiometer
b) Force-sensing resistors
c) Accelerometers
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, All of the mentioned devices are analog sensors.
24. In a measuring system quantity under measurement is termed as ________________
a) Measurand
b) Controllers
c) Sensors
d) Indicators
 Answer: a, Measurand is the value under consideration in a measuring system. For example,
while measuring signal voltage, voltage is the measurand.
25. In a measurement, what is the term used to specify the closeness of two or more
measurements?
a) Precision
b) Accuracy
c) Fidelity
d) Threshold
View Answer
Answer: a, Closeness of two or more measurements is termed as precision. For example, if
two measurements gives 3.1kg as output, then the measurement is said to be more precise.
26. Accuracy and Precision are dependent on each other.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Accuracy is the closeness of a measured value with a standard value. Precision
is the closeness of two or more measured values. Hence they are not dependent with each
other.
27. In a measuring system what is the term used to specify a difference between higher and
lower calibration values?
a) Range
b) Span
c) Drift
d) Threshold
Answer: b, Span is the difference between higher and lower calibration values. For an
instrument with a range 100 units to 250 units span are 150 units.
28. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal transducer?
a) High dynamic range
b) Low linearity
c) High repeatability
d) Low noise
Answer: b, An ideal transducer should show high linearity. A linear system should produce
exact output according to input.
29. Which transducer is known as ‘self-generating transducer’?
a) Active transducer
b) Passive transducer
c) Secondary transducer
d) Analog transducer
Answer: a, The name self-generating transducer is due to its property of working without
the use of external power.
30. What is the relation between scale factor and sensitivity of a transducer?
a) Scale factor is double of sensitivity
b) Scale factor is inverse of sensitivity
c) Sensitivity is inverse of scale factor
d) Sensitivity is equal to scale factor
Answer: b, Sensitivity is an important property of transducer. Every transducer should be
sufficiently sensitive to provide some output that can be detected.
31. Which of the following is an analog transducer?
a) Encoders
b) Strain gauge
c) Digital tachometers
d) Limit switches
Answer: b, Analog transducers convert physical quantity to analog signals while digital
transducers convert physical quantity to digital signals. Strain gauge is an example of an
Analog transducer.
32. What is the principle of operation of LVDT?
a) Mutual inductance
b) Self-inductance
c) Permanence
d) Reluctance
Answer: a, Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is a type of transformer used
for measuring displacement, and it has the same principle of operation of transformer.
33. Which of the following can be measured using Piezo-electric transducer?
a) Velocity
b) Displacement
c) Force
d) Sound
Answer: c, Piezo-electric crystals produces an electric signal when pressure applied.
Examples are quartz, Rochelle salt. That is, it converts force into electric signals.
34. Capacitive transducer is used for?
a) Static measurement
b) Dynamic measurement
c) Transient measurement
d) Both static and dynamic
Answer: b, Capacitive transducers convert measurand into changes in capacitance. Change
in capacitance is caused by change in dielectric or change in distance between plates.

35. Closeness of measured value to true value is _________________

a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) Correction
d) Uncertainty
Answer: a, Accuracy of a measurement is defined by closeness of a measured value to true
value.
36. _______________ of a measuring system refers to its ability to follow instant by instant
the measurand with time.
a) Bandwidth
b) Fidelity
c) Measurement lag
d) Settling time
Answer: b, Fidelity of a measuring system or transducer refers to its ability to follow
instant by instant the variations of measurand with time.
37. What is the term used to express the ability of a measuring system to maintain its
 standard performance?
a) Zero stability
b) Stability
c) Sensitivity
d) Linearity
Answer: b, Stability of a system is defined as the ability to maintain its standard
performance over prolonged time. Transducers and systems with high stability need not be
calibrated.
38. Which of the following conversion is correct for load cell?
a) Force to strain
b) Force to displacement
c) Force to voltage
d) Both force to strain and force to displacement
Answer: d, Commonly load cell measure applied force using strain gauges, but in some
cases, force is measured by detecting displacement, that is a force to displacement
conversion.
39. Diaphragm element can also be used for force measurement.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, Diaphragm elements act like flat springs in case of force measurement and can
be used for measuring both force and pressure.
40. Which of the following statement is true for force?
a) Force is a scalar quantity
b) Force is a vector quantity
c) Force is a dimensionless quantity
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, Force can be described as a vector quantity, in which measurement of
magnitude and direction of application is important.
41. Which of the following statement is true for diaphragms?
a) Used for measuring small forces
b) Used for measuring large forces
c) Used for measuring dynamic forces
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, Diaphragm elements, being a small force capacity is used for measuring small
forces only.
42. In which of the following categories is thin plate diaphragm included?
a) Primary transducer
b) Secondary transducer
c) Voltage measuring devices
d) Spring balance systems
Answer: a, Primary transducers are devices which converts measurand into mechanical
quantities. Diaphragm converts pressure into displacement which is a mechanical quantity.
43. Which of the following applications are suited for thin plate diaphragms?
a) Static pressure only
b) Dynamic pressure only
c) Both static and dynamic pressure with large frequency
d) Both static and dynamic pressure with small frequency
 Answer: d, Thin plate diaphragms can be used for measuring both static and dynamic
pressures. But the limitation is that the frequency of application should be small.
44. Which of the following quantities can be measured using bellows?
a) Absolute pressure
b) Gauge pressure
c) Differential pressure
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Bellows can be used for measuring Absolute pressure, Gauge pressure and
Differential pressure of measuring medium. This is accomplished using two bellow
chambers provided.
45. Which of the following conversion take place in bourdon tubes?
a) Pressure to displacement
b) Pressure to voltage
c) Pressure to strain
d) Pressure to force
Answer: a, In bourdon tubes converts input pressure into displacement and displacement of
the needle will be directly proportional to input pressure.
46. ‘In bellows pressure to displacement conversion takes place’.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In bellows pressure to force conversion takes place, which is acted on bellows
and can be measured for calculating applied pressure.
47. Which of the following devices convert pressure to displacement?
a) Diaphragm
b) Bellow
c) Capsule
d) Both diaphragm and capsule
Answer: d, Both diaphragm and capsule convert pressure into displacement which can be
measured using indicating instruments. Displacement will be proportional to applied
pressure.
48. Which of the following devices are used for a level to force conversion?
a) Load cell
b) Membrane
c) Diaphragm
d) Voltmeter
Answer: a, Load cells are force measuring devices, and they are used for a level to force
conversion.
49. Diaphragm element is used for a level to pressure conversion.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, Diaphragm elements are used for measuring pressure and they are used for a
level to pressure conversion.
50. Displacement to pressure systems are used for measuring ___________
a) Displacement
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration
 d) Force
Answer: a, In displacement to pressure conversion system, Pressure corresponding to
displacement is measured.
51. Resistive transducers are ______________
a) Primary transducers
b) Secondary transducers
c) Either primary or secondary
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Resistive transducers may be primary or secondary transducers according to
application.
52. What will happen to resistance, if the length of the conductor is increased?
a) Decreases
b) No change
c) Increases
d) Doubles
Answer: c, As length of conductor increases, resistance increases according to expression
R = (ϱl)/A.
53. Piezoelectric effect was first invented and explained by
a) Mary Elizabeth Barber
b) Christian Doppler
c) Marie curie and Pierre curie
d) Pierre curie and Jacques curie
Answer: d, Piezoelectric effect was first invented and explained by curie brothers, Pierre
curie and Jacques curie in 1980.

54. Which of the following quantities cannot be measured using piezoelectric transducers?
a) Pressure
b) Strain
c) Acceleration
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, Piezoelectric transducers can be used to measure a wide range of quantities like
pressure, acceleration, strain displacement etc.
55. In piezoelectric strain transducer voltage developed is _______________ to strain
applied.
a) Directly proportional
b) Inversely proportional
c) Equal
d) Independent
Answer: a, For a piezoelectric strain transducer, as the strain applied increases output
voltage also increases.
56. Which of the following represents correct conversion for magnetostrictive transducers?
a) Mechanical energy to magnetic energy
b) Mechanical energy to electrical energy
c) Magnetic energy to electrical energy
d) Mechanical energy to acoustic energy
Answer: a, Transducers which convert mechanical energy to magnetic energy is known as
magnetostrictive transducers.
57. Which of the following represents negative magnetostriction?
a) On increasing stress permeability decreases
b) On decreasing stress permeability decreases
c) On increasing stress conductivity decreases
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, In negative magnetostrictive materials as the stress applied is increased,
magnetic properties like remnant magnetic field and permeability increases
.
58. Which of the following is correct for a digital transducer?
a) Measures digital quantity only
b) Gives digital output
c) Doesn’t measure analog input
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, A digital transducer is a device which gives output in digital form.
59. Inverse transducers are also known as _________________
a) Open loop transducers
b) Closed loop transducers
c) Input transducers
d) Output transducers
Answer: d, Output transducers are which converts electrical quantity to non-electrical
quantity, known as inverse transducers.
60. Inverse transducer is system which converts _________________
a) Electrical quantity to non-electrical quantity
b) Non-electrical quantity to electrical quantity
c) Electrical quantity to electrical quantity itself
d) Non- electrical quantity to non-electrical quantity itself
Answer: a, Transducers are devices which transfers measurand which will be a non-
electrical quantity to electrical quantity. Inverse transducers are the devices operating just
opposite to transducers.
.
61. Which of the following is an inverse transducer _____________
a) Piezoelectric transducer
b) LVDT
c) Load cell
d) Bourdon tube
Answer: a, Piezo electric transducers are devices which are capable of converting electrical
quantity to non-electrical quantity, which is an inverse transducer.
.
62. In piezo junction diode, energy domain will be ______________
a) Electrical
b) Mechanical
c) Radiation
d) Thermal
Answer: b, Energy domain in piezo junction will be mechanical energy.
 UNIT 2
1. In hot wire instrument, the sensing wire is made of
A. Copper
B. Silver
C. Platinum-iridium
D. Copper-Nickel
2. Following is (are) true for Hall Effect sensors.
A. They can operate as switches of light frequency
B. They cost less than electromechanical switches
C. They are free from contact bounce problem
D. all of the choice
3. What happens when the heat is applied to the joined ends of the wires of
a thermocouple?
A. The wires contract
B. The wires separate
C. A small voltage is generated
D. The wires start to rotate.

4. The output voltage of thermocouple is very small, typically less than

A) 10 mV
B) 100 mV
C) 25 mV
D) 50 mV
5. Industrial thermocouple using thick wire have time constant
A) 0 to 5 seconds
B) 50 seconds
C) 10 to 20 seconds
D) 100 seconds
6. RTD has response time of _______ or more
A) 2 to 8 seconds
B) 10 to 20 seconds
C) 0.5 to 5 seconds
D) 1 to 10 seconds
7. If a temperature transmitter is a smart transmitter, it will accept ________ signals from
thermocouples and resistance signals from resistance temperature devices (RTDs), and
thermistors.
A) mA or mV
B) millivolt
 C) ohm
D) current
8. Thermistor is a
A) semiconductor whose resistance decreases with temperature rise
B) metal whose resistance does not vary with temperature
C) metal whose resistance increases linearly with temperature rise
D) device for measuring nuclear radiation
9. Which of the following is suitable for measuring the temperature of a red hot moving
object?
A) Thermocouple
B) radiation pyrometer
C) radiograph
D) Thermistor
10. Thermal wells are used in temperature measurement to
A) Reduce measuring lag
B) increase the fidelity
C) guard against corrosive and oxidizing action on thermocouple materials
D) increase the sensitivity
11. Thermocouple is suitable for measuring
A) both high and low temperatures
B) very low temperatures only
C) very high temperatures only
D) liquid temperatures only
12. Radiation pyrometers
A) can not measure the temperature of objects without making physical contact
B) none of the answers
C) need not “see” the temperature source; it is measuring
D) have very low speed of response
13. The dilatometer is used to measure
A) contraction/expansion due to changes in temperature
B) deflection
C) stress
D) strain
14. Which of the following relates the absorption and evolution of heat at the junctions of a
thermocouple to the current flow in the circuit?
A) Seebeck effect
B) Peltier effect
C) Thomson effect
D) Joule heating effect
15. Which sensor is responsible for automatically locking the screen of the phone when you
close the flip cover:
a. Barometer
b. Hall effect sensor
c. Gyroscope
d. Ambient light sensor
Ans: b, Hall effect sensor is responsible for automatically locking the screen of the phone
when you close the flip cover.
 Answer: c, Thermocouple is a device which is capable of producing output voltage
according to input temperature.
16. Which of the following conversions take place in float element?
a) Level to force
b) Level to voltage
c) Level to displacement
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Float elements are used for measuring the liquid level of a system. Liquid level
indication is obtained using displacement of float element
17. Which of the following can be measured using change in resistivity?
a) Temperature
b) Visible radiation
c) Moisture content
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Change in resistivity can be brought in the measurement of all the mentioned
quantities, as resistivity is sensitive to temperature.
18. What will happen for resistivity metal and semiconductor if the temperature is
increased?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) For metal increases and for semiconductor decreases
d) For metal decreases and for semiconductor increases
Answer: c, Metal has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and semiconductor has
a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

19. What is the relation of temperature coefficient of resistivity on the coefficient of

thermal expansion in RTD?
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Equal
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, It is used to provide a considerable change in resistance when exposed to
temperature.
20. A metal with temperature coefficient of resistance has a value 200, its initial resistance
is given by 40Ω. For an increase in 300c to350c what will be the final resistance value?
a) 40 KΩ
b) 4 KΩ
c) 40 Ω
d) 400 Ω
Answer: a, Answer obtained using expression RT=R0(1+αΔT), where α represents
temperature coefficient of resistance, R0 and RT represents initial and final resistance values.
21. Which of the following can be used to measure using thermistors?
a) Very low
b) In-between 100Ω and 1MΩ
c) Greater than 1MΩ
d) None of the mentioned
 Answer: b, Thermistor at 200c can be used to measure resistance values between 100Ω and
1MΩ.
22. Thermistor may be in wire form.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Due to high brittleness thermistors cannot be formed into wire type. Hence they
are shaped into bead form.
23. Which of the following is correct for Thermistor?
a) Positive temperature coefficient of resistance
b) Negative temperature coefficient of resistance
c) Unpredictable temperature coefficient
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, For thermistors as temperature increase, resistance decreases.
24. Thermistors have high stability.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Stability of thermistors are not satisfactory. They can be improved by using high
temperature.
25. Which of the following represents drawback of the inductive transducer for
displacement measurement?
a) Act of electromagnetic force of attraction
b) Lower sensitivity
c) Requirement of large displacement
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, Electromagnetic force of attraction is acted on moving core, and hence
displacement source has to overcome this force.
26. Which of the following represents the application of inductive transducers?
a) Displacement measurement
b) Thickness measurement
c) Both displacement and thickness measurement
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Inductive transducers can be used for measuring displacement and thickness of
thin plate etc.
27. Inductive potentiometers are used to measure ________________
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Displacement
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, It has same function as linear potentiometers and is used for measuring
displacement.
28. Capacitive transducers can be used by _______________
a) Measuring change in distance between plates
b) Measuring change in area of plates
c) Change in a dielectric material
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Capacitance of a material is affected by area and distance of separation of plates
and dielectric material.
29. Capacitive transducers cannot be used as strain gauges.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Strain to be measured is applied to parallel plates of a capacitor and total
displacement change will be proportional to strain.
30. Which of the following is correct for the capacitive transducer?
a) Capacitive strain gauges
b) Capacitive tachometers
c) Capacitive pressure transducer
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Capacitive transducers find application in measurement of both strain, pressure
and angular displacement. Hence all of the mentioned can be treated as application of
capacitive transducer.
31. For a material capacitance increases with _____________
a) Decrease in area of plates, all other factors constant
b) Increase in distance between plates, all other factors constant
c) Decrease in distance between plates, all other factors constant
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Capacitance can be represented as C=ε0εrA / d, Where, εr represents dielectric
constant, A is the area of plate, d is the distance between plates.
32. Which of the following quantities cannot be measured by capacitive transducers?
a) Displacement
b) Speed
c) Moisture
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, Capacitive transducer finds application in measuring almost all quantities like
displacement, thickness, moisture speed etc

33. Capacitive microphone is an application of ______________

a) Capacitive displacement transducer
b) Capacitive moisture transducer
c) Hygrometer
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, In microphone electric signals are produced according to pressure variations
caused by acoustic waves, which can be easily measured by displacement transducer.
34. Thermometers are not possible using a capacitive transducer.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, capacitive transducers can be used to measure temperature in a way similar to
moisture measurement.
35. Thermocouple is a ______________
a) Primary device
b) Secondary transducer
c) Tertiary transducer
d) None of the mentioned
 Answer: a, Thermocouple is a device which converts thermal energy to electrical energy and
it can be treated as a primary device.
36. Operation of thermocouple is governed by _______________
a) Peltier effect
b) Seebeck effect
c) Thomson effect
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Operation of thermocouple is based on three major effects- Peltier, Thomson and
seebeck, all describe the relation between current flow and temperature between two
different metal.
37. ______________ describes current flow between two junctions formed by two different
metals.
a) Peltier effect
b) Thomson effect
c) Seebeck effect
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, When two different metals are connected to form two junctions, current flow will
occur from one junction to other. This is described by peltier effect.
38. Amount of heat liberated or absorbed when 1A current passes is called ____________
a) Thomson coefficient
b) Peltier coefficient
c) Seebeck coefficient
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, Peltier coefficient relates heat liberated or absorbed and current flow.
39. Total seebeck effect can be found as _____________
a) Total peltier effect
b) Total Thomson effect
c) Partly peltier and partly Thomson effect
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, All three effects, peltier, seebeck and Thomson effects are connected to each
other, and total seebeck effect can be found as partly peltier and partly Thomson effect.
40. Which of the following element is used as a thermocouple in nuclear reactor?
a) Boron
b) Platinum
c) Copper
d) Iron
Answer: a, Nuclear reactors are places where a large amount of heat is liberated, here boron
is used as thermocouple element as it can measure temperature above 1500 0c.
41. Thermocouple cannot used for measurement of temperature of liquid.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Immersion type thermocouple can be used to measure temperature of liquid, in
which thermocouple is immersed in liquid.
42. _________________ can be used as a replacement for thermocouple lead.
a) Replacement lead
b) Replica lead
c) Compensating lead
 d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Compensating leads are of the same materials as thermocouple leads and can be
used as a replacement.
43. Thermo couple cannot be used to measure ____________
a) Temperature of gas
b) Temperature of liquid
c) IR radiation
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, Infra-Red radiation is characterized by temperature and thermocouple can be
used to measure temperature.
.
44. Hall Effect is a/an _____________
a) Electronic
b) Magnetic
c) Galvanic
d) Ionizing
Answer: c, Hall Effect is due to the interaction of the magnetic field and moving electric
charge which results in the development of forces that alter the motion of charge.
.

45. Hall potential is inversely proportional to magnetic flux density.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Hall potential is always directly proportional to magnetic flux density.
46. Hall Effect is clearly visible in _______________
a) Pure conductors
b) Semiconductors
c) Super conductors
d) Metals
Answer: b, Hall coefficient depends on the number of free charge carriers and it is clearly
visible in semiconductors.
47. Which of the following represents the output of Hall Effect transducer?
a) Hall potential
b) Emf
c) Applied voltage
d) Lorentz Voltage
Answer: a, Output of Hall Effect transducer is called Hall potential and is denoted by EH.
48. Hall Effect transducers attain equilibrium instantaneously.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, A time delay of 10-14 is required for a Hall Effect transducer to attain
equilibrium.
49. Hall Effect transducer can be used to measure ___________
a) Magnetic field
b) Angular displacement
c) Linear displacement
d) All of the mentioned
 Answer: d, Hall Effect transducers can be used to measure linear and angular displacement
and magnetic field etc.
50. Two phase induction motor can be used as AC tachometers.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, One phase of the induction motor can be used to provide reference supply and
the second phase can be used for providing output voltage related to speed.
51. Which of the following is used for measuring emf between plates of transducers?
a) Low impedance voltmeter
b) High impedance voltmeter
c) Any voltmeter
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, High impedance voltmeters are used for eliminating the effect of drop due to the
internal resistance of liquid measured.
52. Which of the following is applicable for the electromagnetic flow meter?
a) It causes obstruction to flow
b) It doesn’t cause obstruction to flow
c) It cannot be used in slurries
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, Electromagnetic flow meters don’t cause obstruction to flow and can be used for
measurement in slurries.
53. Which of the following quantities are sensitive to electromechanical flow meters?
a) Viscosity
b) Density
c) Temperature
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, Electromagnetic flow meters are insensitive to quantities like viscosity, density,
and temperature of liquid etc.
54. Which of the following is correct for AC and DC tachometers?
a) Sensitivity if AC tachometer is very high
b) Sensitivity of DC tachometer is very high
c) Sensitivity of both are equal
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, For AC tachometer it has a sensitivity which is very less than the sensitivity of
DC tachometers.
.
55. Semiconductor used in sensors will be _____________
a) Pure form
b) Doped form
c) Pure or doped form
d?p\]
Answer: c, Semiconductor used in sensors will be in its pure form or doped with some
impurities.
56. A semiconductor can act as ___________________
a) Insulator
b) Semi conductor
c) Pure conductor
 d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, A semiconductor can act as both conductor, semiconductor and insulators on
different temperatures.
57. Which of the following is not a part of electro-magnetic radiation?
a) UV
b) Visible region
c) IR spectra
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, All three regions mentioned are part of electro magnetic radiation.
58. Which of the following represents IR wavelength?
a) 100 nm to 700 nm
b) 700 nm to 2500 nm
c) 2500 nm to 5000 nm
d) Greater than 2500 nm
Answer: b, IR radiation wavelength is in the region between 700 nm and 2500 nm.
59. Infra red radiation sources may be _______________
a) Thermal source
b) Non-thermal source
c) Thermal or non-thermal source
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Sources that produce IR radiation may be thermal or non-thermal in behaviour.
60. Every hot body emits IR radiation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, IR radiation is the heat wave and every hot body emits IR radiation.
..
61. Which of the following is correct for proximity sensors?
a) Inductive type
b) Capacitive type
c) Ultrasonic wave type
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, Proximity sensors may be of capacitive, inductive or ultrasonic type.
62. Which of the following are the examples of level sensor?
A. Ultrasonic
B. Capacitance
C. Microwave
D. All the above
63. A sensor that identifies and monitors the level of a liquid or solid or gas is called
______.
A. Motion sensor
B. Radiation sensor
C. UV sensor
D. Level sensor
64. Which of the following are the applications of motion sensors?
A. Surveillance cameras
B. Home appliances
C. Auto lighting systems
 D. All the above
65. A sensor that detects the motion of an object alone is called ______.
A. Motion sensor
B. Radiation sensor
C. UV sensor
D. Light sensor
66. Which of the following are the particle detectors used for protection from radiation?
A. Dosimeter
B. Geiger counter
C. Semiconductor detector
D. All the above

67. Which of the following are the applications of an ultrasonic sensor?

A. Anemometer
B. Burglar alarms
C. Connectionless charging devices
D. All the above
68. An ultrasonic sensor is also called as ________.
A. Ultrasonic transducer
B. Ultrasonic converter
C. Ultrasonic device
D. All the above

UNIT 3

1. Execution of a program in a VI is from

a) Right to left
b) Left to right
c) Top to bottom
d) Bottom to top
2. Auto indexing is enabled by default in
a) FOR loop
b) WHILE loop
c) Case structure
d) Formula node
3. __________ converts a string of valid numeric characters to numeric data.
a) Format into string
b) Scan from string
c) Concatenate string
d) String subset
4. Which object of the LabVIEW panel is an input to the code?
a) Control
b) Indicator
c) Display
 d) Monitor
5. FOR loop is located on
a) Control panel
b) Indicator panel
c) Structure palette
d) Sub VI
6. Which variables can share data with multiple Vis?
a) Local variables
b) Global variable
c) Both
d) Register variables
7. Give any one application of VI related to signal processing?
a) Fourier transform
b) Windowing
c) Power Spectrum
d) All of these
8. LabVIEW stands for
a) Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbook
b) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench
c) Laboratory Virtual Instrument for Engineers Workbench
d) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineers Workbook
9. The LabVIEW cluster is analogous to a __________ in C programming language
a) record
b) Subroutine
c) Statement
d) Structure
10. The drawback of graphical programming is ___________.
a) Syntax need not be known
b) Front panel design is a part of programming
c) Logical error finding is easy
d) None
11. The DAQ that allows measurement of high voltages have ________.
a) Amplifier
b) Attenuator
c) Filter
d) Isolator
12. In a general purpose data acquisition system, the module which controls a stepper
motor is _______________.
a) Analog input
b) Analog output
c) Digital I/O
d) Timing I/O
13. Plug in device is
a) DAQ card
b) VISA
c) I/O assistant
d) DAQ card and VISA i
14. LabVIEW instrument dnrivers are in the form of
a) NI Libraries
b) VI Libraries
c) DLL file
d) EXE file

UNIT 4

1. In a binary weighted DAC, the lowest value resistance corresponds to

A. The highest binary weighted input
B. The lowest binary weighted input
C. The first input
D. The last input
2. A/D converter which does not use D/A converter is
A. Dual slope integrator A/D converter
B. Staircase ramp A/D converter
C. Single Slope ramp comparator A/D converter
D. Successive approximation A/D converter
3. The error in D/A converter output may be due to
A. The error in the value of resistor used
B. Monotonocity
C. Small resolution
D. its higher D/A conversion speed

4. The primary disadvantage of the flash analog-to digital converter (ADC) is that:
A. it requires the input voltage to be applied to the inputs simultaneously
B. a long conversion time is required
C. a large number of output lines is required to simultaneously decode the input voltage
D. a large number of comparators is required to represent a reasonable sized binary number
5. Which is not an analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion error?
A. missing code
B. differential nonlinearity
C. Offset
D. incorrect code
6. The difference between analog voltage represented by two adjacent digital codes, or the
analog step size, is the:
A. Monotonicity
 B. accuracy
C. resolution
D. quantization
7. Sample-and-hold circuits in analog-to digital converters (ADCs) are designed to:
A. sample and hold the D/A converter staircase waveform during the conversion process
B. stabilize the comparator's threshold voltage during the conversion process
C. sample and hold the output of the binary counter during the conversion process
D. stabilize the input analog signal during the conversion process

8. The time taken for the output to settle within a specified band of its final value is
referred as
a) Conversion time
b) Settling time
c) Take off time
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b, Settling time represents the time taken for the output to settle within a specified
band ± (1/2) LSB of its final value following a code change at the input (usually a full scale
change).
9. In a D-A converter with binary weighted resistor, a desired step size can be obtained by
a) Selecting proper value of VFS
b) Selecting proper value of R
c) Selecting proper value of RF
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c, The size of the steps depends on the value of RF, provided that the maximum
output voltage does not exceed the saturation level of an op-amp.
10. Pick out the incorrect statement “In a 3 bit weighted resistor DAC”
a) Although the op-amp is connected in inverting mode, it can also be connected in non-
inverting mode
b) The op-amp simply work as a current to voltage converter
c) The polarity of the reference voltage is chosen in accordance with the input voltage
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, The polarity of the reference voltage is accordance with the type of the switch
used. For example, in TTL switches, the reference voltage should be +5v and the output will
be negative.
11. What is the disadvantage of binary weighted type DAC?
a) Require wide range of resistors
b) High operating frequency
c) High power consumption
d) Slow switching
Answer: a, For better resolution of output, the input binary word length has to be increased.
As the number of bit increases, the range of resistance value increases.
12. How to overcome the limitation of binary weighted resistor type DAC?
a) Using R-2R ladder type DAC
b) Multiplying DACs
c) Using monolithic DAC
d) Using hybrid DAC
Answer: a, Usage wide range of resistors is the limitation of binary weighted resistor type
 DAC, this can be avoided by using R-2R ladder type DAC Where only two value of resistor
are required.

13. A 10-bit D/A converter have an output range from 0-9v. Calculate the output voltage
produced when the input binary number is 1110001010.
a) ±7.96v
b) -7.96v
c) 7.96v
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Vo=9v[(1×1/2)+ (1×1/22) +(1×1/23)+(0×1/24)+(0×1/25)+ (0×1/26)+(1×1/27)
+(0×1/28)+(1×1/29)+( 0×1/210)].
=9v×(0.5+0.25+0+0.125+7.8125×10-3+1.95 ×10-3) =9v×0.8547 =7.96v.
14. The basic step of a 8-bit DAC is 12.4mv. If the binary input 00000000 represents 0v.
Determine the output, if the input is 101101111?
a) 1.36v
b) 2.27v
c) 5.45v
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, The output voltage for input 10110111 = 12.4mv ×[(1×27)+(0×26) + (1×25) +
(1×24) + (0×23)+ (1×22) +(1×21)+ (1×20)] = 12.4 × (128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1)
=12.4mv × 183 = 2.27v.
15. How many control lines are present in analog to digital converter in addition to
reference voltage?
a) Three
b) Two
c) One
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, ADC usually has two additional control lines
1. Start input-tell ADC when to start conversion.
2. EOC- end of conversion.
16. Which A/D converter is considered to be simplest, fastest and most expensive?
a) Servo converter
b) Counter type ADC
c) Flash type ADC
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c, The simplest possible A/D converter is flash type converter and is expensive for
high degree of accuracy.
17. The flash type A/D converters are called as
a) Parallel non-inverting A/D converter
b) Parallel counter A/D converter
c) Parallel inverting A/D converter
d) Parallel comparator A/D converter
Answer: d, The flash type A/D converter are also called as parallel comparator A/D
converter because the purpose of the circuit is to compare the analog input voltage with each
node voltage.
18. At what condition the digital to analog conversion is made?
 a) Va > Vd
b) Va ≤ Vd
c) Va ≥ Vd
d) Va ≠ Vd
Answer: b, When Va < Vd, the output of the comparator becomes low and the AND gate is
disabled. This stops the counting at that time and the digital output of the counter represents
the analog input voltage.
19. The Integrating type converters are used in
a) Digital meter
b) Panel meter
c) Monitoring system
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d, The Integrating type converters are used in application such as digital meter,
panel meter and monitoring system where the conversion accuracy is critical.
20. A 12 bit dual ramp generation has a maximum output voltage of +12v. Compute the
equivalent digital number for the analog signal of +6v.
a) 1000000000
b) 10000000000
c) 1000000000000
d) 100000000000
Answer: d, since Va =VR (N/2n) so the digital count N= 2n×(Va/VR)
N= 212×(6/12v) = 4096×0.5 =2048.
Binary equivalent for 2048 => 100000000000.
21. How many equal intervals are present in a 14-bit D-A converter?
a) 16383
b) 4095
c) 65535
d) 1023
Answer: a, A 14-bit D-A converter has 2n-1 equal interval =214-1=16384-1=16383.
22. Which of the following is not a type of ADC?
a) Flash ADC
b) Dual Slope ADC
c) Successive approximation ADC
d) Sigma-delta ADC
23. The throughput of a flash ADC is measured in
a) Displacement per second
 b) Distance per second
c) Samples per minute
d) Samples per second

24. In a binary weighted ADC, the lowest-value resistor corresponds to

a) The highest binary weighted input
b) The lowest binary weighted input
c) The first input
d) The last input
25. Consider the following statements:
1. Flash type ADCs are considered the fastest
2. In successive approximation type ADCs, conversion time depends upon the magnitude of
analog voltage
3. Counter type ADCs work with fixed conversion time
4. Dual sloe ADCs are considered the slowest
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 2 & 3 only
b) 1 & 4 only
c) 2 & 4 only
d) 1 & 3 only
26. The client in socket programming must know which information?
a) IP address of Server
b) Port number
c) Both IP address of Server & Port number
d) Only its own IP address
Answer: c, The client in socket programming must know IP address of Server as it has
to use that IP address in order to initialize the socket class constructor. That is how the
client requests a connection to the server.
27. Which classes are used for connection-less socket programming?
a) Datagram Socket
b) Datagram Packet
c) Both Datagram Socket & Datagram Packet
d) Server Socket
Answer: c, Datagram is basically some information travelling between the sender and
the receiver, but there is no guarantee of its content, arrival or arrival time. Datagram
Socket, Datagram Packet are used for connection-less socket programming, while
Server Socket is used for connection-oriented socket programming.

Answer: c, TCP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, POP etc. are examples of Protocol. Out of them,
TCP is a transport layer protocol and FTP, TELNET, SMTP and POP are application
layer protocols.
28. Which constructor of Datagram Socket class is used to create a datagram socket
and binds it with the given Port Number?
a) Datagram Socket(int port)
b) Datagram Socket(int port, Int Address address)
c) Datagram Socket()
d) Datagram Socket(int address)
Answer: b, Datagram Socket (int port, Int Address) is used to create a datagram socket.
 A datagram socket is created for connection-less communication between the server
and the client. There is no accept() method in this class.
29. Which methods are commonly used in Server Socket class?
a) Public Output Stream get Output Stream ()
b) Public Socket accept ()
c) Public synchronized void close ()
d) Public void connect ()
Answer: b, The Public socket accept () method is used by the Server Socket class to
accept the connection request of exactly one client at a time. The client requests by
initializing the socket object with the servers IP address.

UNIT 5
1. General Structure of smart sensors & its
2. Components of smart sensors
3. Self calibration
4. Self-Testing
5. Self-Communicating
6. Application of Smart Sensors as Automatic Robot Control
7. Application of Smart Sensors as Automobile Engine Control.
8. Some Other Application of Smart Sensors
9. REVISION

1. Input signal to smart sensor is fed from _____________

A. Power supply
B. Transducer
C. Volt meter
D. All of the mentioned
Answer: b (Input to the smart sensor is fed from transducer measuring input value)
2. Input data of smart sensor will be _____________
A. Analog
B. Digital
C. Analog and digital
D. None of the mentioned
Answer: a (Input quantity of smart sensor is the analog quantity which is converted to digital)
3. Output of smart sensors will of ________________
A. Analog
B. Digital
C. Analog and digital
 D. None of the mentioned
Answer: b (Output of smart sensor is taken from the processor and they are of digital value)
4. Which of the following error is caused by poor calibration of the instrument?
a) Random error
b) Gross error
c) Systematic error
d) Precision error
Answer: c, Systematic errors are caused by poor calibration of instruments.
5. Which of the following is not a configuration of a smart sensor?
a) Transducer
b) Network interface
c) Processor
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d, A smart sensor configuration contains physical transducer, network interface,
processor and memory.
6. A/D conversion is not needed in the smart sensor.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, Smart sensors include conversion of input analog value to a digital value.
7. Input signal to smart sensor is fed from _____________
a) Power supply
b) Transducer
c) Volt meter
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b, Input to the smart sensor is fed from transducer measuring input value.
8. Storage of data possible in smart sensors.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, Smart sensors contains a memory unit, which means they support the storage of
data.
9. Signal conditioning is carried out in ______________
a) Transducer housing
b) Processor
c) Network interface
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, Signal conditioning of smart sensors is carried out inside of transducer housing.
10. Output of smart sensors will of ________________
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Analog and digital
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b, Output of smart sensor is taken from the processor and they are of digital value.
11. Which of the following defines smartness of sensor?
a) Quality of data
b) Circuit size
c) Circuit components
 d) All of the mentioned
Answer: a, Quality of output data defines the smartness of the sensor.
12. Input data of smart sensor will be _____________
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Analog and digital
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, Input quantity of smart sensor is the analog quantity which is converted to
digital.
13. Which of the following represents network bus?
a) Instrumentation contact
b) Field instrumentation bus
c) Data bus
d) Bit line contact
Answer: b, Network bus in a smart sensor is also known as field instrumentation bus.
14. Which of the following person used the name robot first time in print?
a) Josef capek
b) Karel capek
c) Isaac asimov
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c, Isaac asimov was first to use the word robot in his book.
15. Which of the following represents muscles of a robot?
a) Actuators
b) Power supply
c) Micro controllers
d) Robotic arm
Answer: a, Actuators convert stored energy into movement and hence known as muscles of
a robot.
16. Principles of cybernetics was developed by ___________
a) Josef capek
b) Norbert wiener
c) Isaac asimov
d) Karel capek
Answer: b, Norbert wiener developed principles of cybernetics.
17. ZMP stands for _________________
a) Zero movement power
b) Zero magnetic point
c) Zero moment point
d) Zero metric point
Answer: c, ZMP or zero moment point is the algorithm used by robots.
18. L293D is a/an ________________
a) Motor driver IC
b) Micro controller
c) Bluetooth module
d) IR receiver/transmitter
Answer: a, L293D is a DC motor driver IC.
19. ANN stands for ___________
a) Artificial neural network
b) Arithmetic neural network
c) Artificial neural node
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, ANN stands for the artificial neural network.
20. In ANN, neurons are represented by ___________
a) Processing element
b) Memory
c) Wires
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a, In artificial neural networks, small processing elements represent neurons.
21. In ANN, all PE’s are connected with feedback.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b, in an artificial neural network, all processing elements are connected with or
without feedback.
22. MLP is feed-forward network.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a, Multi layer perception(MLP), is a simple architecture also known as feed-
forward network.
23. Which of the following represents muscles of a robot?
a) Actuators
b) Power supply
c) Micro controllers
d) Robotic arm
Answer: a, Actuators convert stored energy into movement and hence known as muscles of
a robot.