Independent Vowels

a aa i ee u oo Ri e/ay ai o au

Consonants
Unaspirated Aspirated Unaspirated Aspirated Nasal

-Series (Velar) ka kha ga gha Ä Ỹ

-Series (Palatal) cha chha ja jha ×k ỹ

-Series (Retroflex) Ta ! Tha " Da # Dha ᶇ

M+ ṛa <+ ṛha

$-Series (Dental) $ ta % tha da & dha ' na

(-Series (Labial) ( pa ) pha * ba + bha ma

Semi-vowels , ya - ra la va

Sibilants . sha / ṣha 0 sa

Glottal ha

Conjuncts 1 kṣha 2 tra 3 gya 4 shra

Borrowed Sounds 5 ka 6 kha 7 gha 8 za 9 fa

from Persian

1
 ek=kk,¡ maatraae (Dependent Vowels)

v → v(a) is inherent in all the consonants so there is no maatraa for this Hindee vowel.
Vowel Vowel sign
vk (aa) → k → d$ k ¾ dk (kaa) → dkeM work
kaama1

b(i) → f → f$ d ¾ fd (ki) → fdrkcF book

kitaaba
bZ(ee) → h → i$ h ¾ ih (pee) → ihuk to drink
peenaa
m(u) → q → [k $ q ¾ [kq (khu) → [kq'k happy
khusha
mQ(oo) → w → n$ w ¾ nw (doo) → nw/M milk
doodha
, (ay) → s → d$ s ¾ osQ (kay) → osQykM banana
kaylaa
,s(ai) → S → i$ S ¾ iS (pai) → iSlkM paisaa
paisaa
vks(o) → ks → n $ ks ¾ nks (do) → nks two
do
vkS(au) → kS → d $ kS ¾ dkS (kau) → dkSu who
kauna
½(Ri) → ` → d$ ` ¾ o`Q (kRi) → o`Qi;k please
kRipayaa

Read the following words aloud: * 'bahana, chaachaa, daadaa, ' ' naanaa,

maamaa, $ maataa, + bhaaee, D($ pitaa, chaachee, daadee,

' ' naanee, maamee

(Refer to TYH pgs XXI-XXVIII)

1
Inherent vowel sound अ=a needed to be dropped where it is printed ITALICS.
2
Put all the dependent vowel signs on the following consonants :

d dk fd dh oqQ owQ osQ oSQ dks dkS o`Q

ka kaa ki kee ku koo kay kai ko kau kRi

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
kha

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
ja

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
Gṛa

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
Hṛha

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
(

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
)

-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
Fk
-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
j # :
-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- --
l
-- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- - --
g â

3
 Anuswaara and Nasalisation

Nasal Consonants and Function of Anuswaara (dot/Bindu ) ( a )

In Devanaagaree script Ä Ỹ] ×k ỹ] .k ᶇ] u na] e ma are nasal consonants and are

pronounced with some of the air coming through the nose. These can be replaced by
‘Anuswaara’ (Bindu) ( a ) if followed by the first four letters of their own class (or
own series) as in following words:

jÄ~x ¾ jaxcolour i×tkc ¾ iatkcPanjaab B.Mk ¾ BaMkcold

raỸga paỹjaaba Thaᶇdaa

fgUnh ¾ fganhHindee yEck ¾ yack tall

hindee lambaa

Few more examples: vaMkegg] ilanliking] lqanj beautiful] ia[kkfan

aᶇdaa pasanda sundara paỸkhaa

Dot and Moon ( ¡ ): In Devanaagaree script vowels can be nasalized by using ¡

i.e. dot and moon (Chandra-bindu). Few examples are as follows:
g¡wam gk¡yes ;gk¡here ogk¡there dgk¡where xk¡ovillage
hoo haa yahaa vahaa kahaa gaava

vk¡[keye ik¡pfive eg¡xkexpensive feBkb;k¡sweets yM+fd;k¡girls

aakha paacha mahagaa miThaaiyaa laṛakiyaa

Function of the Moon sign ( W ).: The words borrowed from English such as office,
chocolate, coffee, doctor, hospital etc. the ‘o’ sound is transcribed into Devanagaree
with vkW (kW). Read the following words aloud:
vkWfiQloffice] dkWiQhcoffee] MkWDVjdoctor] gkWfLiVyhospital
(Refer to IHG pgs 3, 8, 11)

(Refer to TYH pgs XXXI-XXXII, XXXIV)

4
 la;qDrk{kj (Conjunct Characters)
Hindi has a special feature in the form of conjunct characters. It means two or more
consonants come in succession with no vowel between them. For example

ueLrsnamastay /U;oknthanks fcYoqQyabsolutely cPpkchild vPNkgood

namastay dhanyawaada bilkula bachchaa achchhaa

D;kwhat lIrkgweek uk'rkbreakfast T+;knkmore lLrkcheap

kyaa saptaaha naashtaa zyaadaa sastaa

LowQyschool oqQÙkkdog fcYyhcat nksLrfriend dPpkraw/unripe

iskoola kuttaa billee dosta kachchaa

Nqêðh(NqV~Vh)holiday fpêòh (fpV~Bh)letter

chhuttee chittee

Conjunct ^j* : ^j* has special patterns when it combines with other consonants.
(i) If the consonant ^j* is the first member of a conjunct, it has the shape of a small
hook (or flying ^j*) ( Z) as in the following words:
/eZreligion] deZdeed/action] 'kekZ last name in India
dharma karma sharmaa
(ii) (a) If the consonant ^j* is the second member of a conjunct it is indicated by
slanted line ( )
z , as in the following words 'kqfozQ;kthanks] fozQosQV] izo`Qfr nature
(b) But in retroflex series (V] B] M] <) it is indicated by an inverted ‘V’ ( ª )
below the consonants as follows Vªd truck] Mªe drum] Vªsu train
Conjunct characters with special symbols: Following are a few special conjunct
characters which have their own symbols in Devanaagaree script:
d~ $ "k ¾ {k d{kk class r~ $ j ¾ =k Nk=k student
kakṣhaa chhaatra
t~ $ ×k ¾ K Kku knowledge 'k~ $ j ¾ J Jh title of respect
gyaana shree
n~ $ ; ¾ | fo|kFkhZ student n~ $ ; ¾ | fo|ky; school
vidyaarthee vidyaalaya
(Refer to IHG pgs 9-12) OR (Refer to TYH pgs XXVIII-XXXII)
5
 laKk vkSj fyax (Nouns and Gender)

MASCULINE
Type 1 : Masculine nouns ending with vk=aa ( k) change to ,=ay ( s) :
Singular Plural Singular Plural
yM+dk boy yM+osQ boys cPpk child cPps children
laṛakaa laṛakay bachchaa bachchay
-- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
pwgk mouse ……………..… oqQÙkk dog
choohaa ……………..… kuttaa ……………..…

Note : A small number of masculine nouns that end in the vowel vk(aa) do not change
to , (ay) in the plural, that is, the singular and the plural forms are identical, e.g.,
jktk king nsorkgod
raajaa devataa

Usually those kinship male terms who are older to you do not contain any plural
forms, e.g.,
firkfather pkpkpaternal uncle ekekmaternal uncle nknkgrandfather ukukgrandfather
pitaa chaachaa maamaa daadaa (maternal) naanaa (maternal)

Type 2 : Masculine nouns not ending with ^vk* do not have plural forms. For
example:
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
cUnj(he)monkey no plural ck?ktiger no plural m¡QVcamel no plural
bandara baagha oot
Nk=kstudent no plural vknehman no plural gkFkh(he)elephant no plural
Chhaatra aadamee haathee

FEMININE
Type 1 : Feminine nouns ending with ^bZ* change to short ^b* and ^;k¡* is added :
Singular Plural Singular Plural
yM+dh girl yM+fd;k¡ fcYyh (she) cat fcfYy;k¡
laṛakee laṛakiyaa billee billiyaa
-- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
cdjh (she) goat nknh grandmother
bakaree bakriyaa daadee daadiyaa

6
Type 2 :

^,¡* ( sa ) is added in feminine nouns not ending with ^b@bZ* :

Singular Plural Singular Plural
vkSjr woman vkSjrsa xk; cow xk;sa
aurata auratay gaaya gaayay
-- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
ekrk mother ekrk,¡ Nk=kk (she) student
maataa maataaay chaatraa

Type 3 :

Only Chandra Bindu ( ¡ )is added to feminine nouns ending with ^;k* as follows :

Singular Plural Singular Plural

fpfM+;kbird fpfM+;k¡ xqfM+;kdoll xqfM+;k¡

chiṛiyaa chiṛiyaa guṛiyaa guṛiyaa

-- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- --
cqf<+;kan old lady
buṛhiyaa

(Refer to IHG pgs 20-21 & 24-26)

(Refer to TYH pgs 7-8)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Indentify the gender of the following nouns and change into plural —

-- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- --
cPpk bachchaa Nk=kk chhaatraa
-- -- - -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - - -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- --
fcYyh billi gkFkh haathee
- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- --
vkneh aadamee lgsyh sahaylee
- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - - - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -
Nk=k chhatra vè;kfidk adhyaapikaa
-- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- --
ekrk maataa vè;kid adhyaapaka
7
 fo'ks"k.k (Adjectives)
Type 1 : Adjectives have an ^vk* ending when modifying a masculine singular noun,
an ^,* ending when modifying a masculine plural noun, and an ^bZ* ending when
modifying a feminine noun — singular or plural. Few examples are given below:

MS M Pl FS F Pl

cM+k big cM+s cM+h No Feminine Plural

baṛaa baṛay baṛee ’’
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
NksVk small ’’
chhotaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
eg¡xk expensive ’’
mahangaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
lLrk cheap ’’
sastaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
vPNk good ’’
achchhaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
dPpk raw ’’
kachchhaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
iDdk riped ’’
pakkaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
BaMk cold ’’
Thandaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
ehBk sweet ’’
meeThaa
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - --
cqjk bad ’’
buraa
There some adjectives which do not contain plural and feminine forms. For
example:
T+;knkmuch/more cf<+;kexcellent rkT+kkfresh
zyaadaa baṛiyaa taazaa

8
Type 2 : Adjectives not ending with ^vk* do not contain plural and feminine
forms. Examples :
lkI+kQclean [+kjkcbad lqUnjbeautiful [kkyhempty
saafa kharaaba sundara khaalee

deless rsT+kclever/sharp dkI+kQhenough xjehot

kama teza kaafee garama

elkysnkjspicy Lokfn"Vtasty/delicious [kq'kadv/adj happy cgqradv/adjvery/much

masaalaydaara swaadishTa khusha bahuta

(Refer to IHG pgs 30-32)

(Refer to TYH pgs 8-9)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

(a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of adjectives for the following nouns —
-- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -
esT+k meza diM+s kapaṛay

-- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -
yM+dh laṛakee edku makaana

-- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -
oqQjfl;k¡ kurasiyaa Nk=k chhatra

(b) Write opposites of the following adjectives:

vPNk] NksVk] eg¡xk] BaMk] ehBk] [kkyh] T+;knk] lkI+kQ] rkT+kk] yEck
achchaa, chhotaa, mahangaa, Thandaa, meeThaa, khaalee, zyaadaa, saafa, taazaa, lambaa

9
 Verb ^gksuk* (To be)
Pronouns Transliteration Verb to be Transliteration
eSa (I) mai gw¡ (am) hoo

;g (he, she, it) yaha gS (is) hai

og (he, she, it) vaha gS (is) hai

ge (we) hama gSa (are) hai

vki (you) aapa gSa (are) hai

;s (they, these) yay gSa (are) hai

os (they, those) vay gSa (are) hai

rqe* (you) tuma gks (are) ho

rw* (you) too gS (is) hai

* Please note: We do not encourage students to practice ^rw* and ^rqe* forms.

(Refer to IHG pgs 38-45)

(Refer to TYH pgs 3-5)

10
 -- - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - - ………………….…………..
1. rS;kj gw¡ A 1. taiyaara hoo A
- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - …………………………...
2. yM+dh gS A 2. laṛakee hai
…………….…………..
3. os vejhdh
- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A 3. vay amareekee A
………………………………..……..
4. oqQÙkk
- - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -
A 4. kuttaa A
……………..…………..
5. rqe lqUnj
-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- -
A 5. tuma sundara A
…………………..………..
6. vki Nk=k
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - --
A 6. aapa chhatra A
………………..……..
7.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -
Nk=kk,¡ gSa A 7. chhaatraayay hai A
……………………………..
8. ;g [kq'k
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -
A 8. yaha khusha A
-- - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - - …………………………………..
9. yM+osQ gSa A 9. laṛkay hai A
- -- - -- -- ………………..
10. vè;kidth dgk¡ \ 10. adhyaapakaji kahaa ?

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Fill in the blanks using appropriate present forms of the verb ^gksuk* (to be)—
----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
1. rqe yM+dh A tuma laṛakee A
--------------------------- ----------------------------------
2. eSa vejhdk ls A mai amareekaa say A
------------------------------ --------------------------------------
3. ;g vè;kid A yaha adhyaapaka A
--------------------- ---------------------------
4. og nqdkunkj(M) A vaha dukaandaara(M) A
-------------------------------- -------------------------------
5. ;s Nk=kk,¡(F) A yay chhaatraayay(F) A
-------------------- -----------------------
6. os vPNs iQy(M) A vay achchhay phala(M) A

rS;kj taiyaara=Ready, yM+dh laṛakee=Girl,vejhdh amareekee=American] oqQÙkkM

kutta=Dog, lqUnj sundara=Beautiful, Nk=kM chhaatra=Student, Nk=kkF chaatraa=Student, [kq'k
khusha=Happy, yM+dk laṛakaa=boy, vè;kidM adhyaapaka=Teacher, dgk¡ kahaa=where,
nqdkunkjM dukaandaara=Shopkeeper, vPNk achchhaa=good, iQyphala=Fruit

11
 Verb ^gksuk* (To be) (was and were)
Pronouns Transliteration Verb to be Transliteration
eSa (I) mai FkkM@FkhF (was) thaaM/theeF

;g (he, she, it) yaha Fkk M@FkhF (was) thaaM/theeF

og (he, she, it) vaha Fkk M@FkhF (was) thaaM/theeF

ge (we) hama Fks M@FkhaF (were) thayM/theeF

vki (you) aapa Fks M@FkhaF (were) thayM/theeF

;s (they, these) yay Fks M@FkhaF (were) thayM/theeF

os (they, those) vay Fks M@FkhaF (were) thayM/theeF

rqe* (you) tuma Fks M@FkhaF (were) thayM/theeF

rw* (you) too Fkk M@FkhF (was) thaaM/theeF

* Please note: We do not encourage students to practice ^rw* and ^rqe* forms.

(Refer to IHG pgs 134)

(Refer to TYH pgs 46-47)

12
 --------------------- -----------------------------
1. eSa( F) vejhdk esa A 1. mai(F) amareekaa may A
--------------- ----------------------------------
2. og(M) Hkkjrh; Nk=k A 2. vaha(M) bhaarateeya A
------------------------------ --------------------------------------
3. os lLrs osQys A 3. vay sastay kayalay A
------------------ -----------------------------
4. jke(M, PN) vPNk A 4. raama( M , PN) achchhaa A
--------------------------- ---------------------------------------
5. rqe ogk¡ oSQls \ 5. tuma vahaa kaisay ?
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------
6. og MkWDVj(F) A 6. vaha doctor(F) A
------------------- --------------------------
7. dy ge nqdku esa A 7. kala hama dukaana may A
----------------------- -------------------------------
8. og eg¡xk oqQjrk A 8. vaha mahagaa kurataa A
--------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
9. Oks yM+fd;k¡ A 9. vay laṛakiyaa A
------------------------- --------------------------------------
10. vè;kidth ogk¡ A 10. adhyaapakaji vahaa A

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Fill in the blanks using appropriate Past forms of the verb ^gksuk* (to be)—
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
1. rqe dy dgk¡ \ tuma kala kahaa A
-------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2. ge vejhdk esa A hama amareekaa may A
---------------------------- ------------------------ ----------
3. og d{kk esa ugha @ A vaha kakshaa may nahee @ --------- A
--------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
4. os rkT+kk IkQy ugha A vay taazaa phala nahee A
--------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
5. og cM+h nqdku A vaha baṛee dukaana A
------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
6. dy og t;iqj esa A kala vaha jayapura may A

Hkkjrh; bhaarateeya=Indian, osQykM kaylaa=banana, oqQÙkkM kuttaa=Dog, MkWDVj=doctor,

nqdkuF dukaana=shop, oqQjrkM=Kurta, gksf'k;kj hoshiyaara=intelligent, smart

13
 iz'uokpd okD; (Interrogative Sentences)

Type 1 : Questions those are answered in only YES or NO.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D;k vki vejhdh gSa \ kyaa aap amareekee hai ?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D;k vki Nk=k gSa \ kyaa aap chhatra hai ?

Type 2 : Information questions: When the answer is in a few words.

Answer the following questions in Hindi —
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vkidk uke D;k gS \
aapkaa naam kyaa hai ?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vki dgk¡ ls gSa \
aapa kahaa say hai ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gksyh@nhokyh dc Fkh \
holee/deewaalee kaba thee ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
og dkSu gS \
vaha kauna hai ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dejk lkiQ D;ksa ugha gS \
kamaraa saafa kyo nahee hai ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;g oSQlk(M) iQy gS \
yah kaisaa phala hai ?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vki oSQls(M) @oSQlh(F) gSa \
aap kaise/kaisee hai ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;gk¡ fdruk ikuh(M) gS \
yahaa kitanaa paanee hai ?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Okgk¡ fdrus Nk=k(M) gSa \
yahaa kitanay chhatra hai ?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;gk¡ fdruh fdrkcasa(F) gSa \
yahaa kitanee kitaabay hai ?

(Refer to IHG pgs 61-62)

(Refer to TYH pgs 15-18)
14
Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Match the columns:

Column A Column B

1. vki dgk¡ ls gSa \ (a) esjk uke jke(M,P N) gS A

2. vkidk uke D;k gS \ (b) eSa vejhdk ls gw¡ A
3. D;k ;gk¡ xjeh@ xehZ gS \ (c) ;g chl #i;s dk gS A
4. ;g fdrus #i;s dk gS \ (d) eSa Bhd gw¡ A
5. vki oSQls(M ) @oSQlh(F) gSa \ (e) th gk¡, ;gk¡ xjeh@xehZ gS A

Column A Column B
1. aap kahaa say hai ? (a) meraa naam raam hai

2. aapkaa naam kyaa hai ? (b) mai amareekaa say hoo

3. kyaa yahaa garamee/garmee hai ? (c) yah bees rupaye kaa hai

4. yah kitane rupaye kaa hai ? (d) mai Theek hoo

5. aap kaisay / kaisee hai ? (e) jee haa, yahaa garamee/garmee hai

15
 esjh d{kk F (My class)
Post-positions (in, from, on, at, about, for, along with)
;g esjh d{kk gSA yah mayree kakṣhaa hai.
F

esjh d{kk esa nl Nk=k gSaA mayree kakṣhaa may das chhatra hai.
lc Nk=k vejhdk ls gSaA sab chhatra amareekaa say hai.
ysfdu f'k{kd vejhdk ls ugha gSaA laykin shikṣhak amareekaa say nahee hai.
;gk¡ d{kk,¡ fodkl osQ ckjs esa gSA yahaa kakṣhaaye vikaas kay baaray may hai.
Nk=k dkX+kT+k ij isafly ls fy[krs gSaA chaatra kagaz par pencil say likhatay hai.
lc Nk=k vè;kid ls fgUnh esa cksyrs gSaA sab chaatra adhyaapak say Hindi may bolatay hai.
eSa nksLr osQ lkFk LowQy vkrk@ vkrh gw¡A mai dost ke saath school aataa/aatee hoo.
esjh d{kk cM+h vkSj lqUnj gS A mayree kakṣhaa baṛee aur sundar hai.
Nr ij nks ia[ks gSa A chat par do paỸkhay hai.
F M

nhokj ij lqUnj rLohjsa gSa A deevaar par sundar tasveeray hai.

F F

esjh d{kk esa ihys insZ gSa A mayree kakṣhaa may peelay parday hai.
M

d{kk osQ fy, dEI;wVj [kjhfn, A kakṣhaa kay liye kampyutar khareediye.
M

d{kk esa nks njokT+ks ] rhu esT+ksa ] pkj f[kM+fd;k¡ vkSj chl oqQflZ;k¡ gSa A
M F F F

kakṣhaa may do darwaaze, teen, meze, chaar khiṛakiyaa aur bees kursiyaa hai.

(Refer to IHG pg 68)

(Refer to TYH pgs 31-37 & 86-88)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate form of noun and postposition given in bracket—

1. fdrkcsa ----------------------------------------------------------- gSa A (on chair)

2. ekrkth ---------------------------------------------------------- gSa A (in the kitchen)
3. Nk=k ------------------------------------------------------------------ gSa A (at shop)
4. ;s lqUnj lkfM+;k¡ ----------------------------------- gSa A (from the market)
2. Write a few lines on the topic “esjh nqdkuF” mayree dukaan (My Shop).
16
 Commands and Requests

'kekZth % vkvks A cSBks A pk;(F) fi;ks vkSj uk'rk(M) djks A

tkWu % ekiQ dhft,] eSa pk; ugha ihrkA
'kekZth % Bhd gS] fiQj twl(M) fi;ks vkSj lekslk(M) [kkvksA
tkWu % vki Hkh cSfB,A vki Hkh [kkb,A
Imperatives forms
Irregular verbs
rwintimate rqefamiliar vkiformal rwintimate rqefamiliar vkiformal
vkuk vk vkvks vkb, djuk dj djks dhft,
---------------- -----------------
tkuk tk nsuk ns nks nhft,
[ksyuk [ksy [ksyks [ksfy, ysuk ys yks yhft,
---------------- -----------------
i<+uk i<+ ihuk ih fi;ks ihft,

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Transpose rqe commands into vki commands and vice versa.

1. xkM+h ls tkvks A
2. vkvks] cSBks] iQy [kkvks A
3. eq>s rhu fdrkcsa nks A
4. ikuh u ihft, A dkWiQh yhft, A
5. lkiQ diM+s ykb, A
(Refer to IHG pgs 52-56)

(Refer to TYH pgs 63-65)

17
 Nouns with Post-positions (Singular)
There are two cases in Hindi: the direct case and the oblique case. The direct case is used
when a noun phrase is not followed by a postposition, and the oblique case is used when a
noun phrase is followed by a postposition.
Following changes occur when a postposition follows a noun in Oblique Singular forms:
ONLY Masculine Nouns with vk endings change to , in their oblique singular form.

yM+dk yM+osQ ls from the boy

dejk dejs esa in the room

All other nouns whether masculine or feminine with any ending never change in oblique
case.
yM+dh yM+dh ls from the girl

vkneh vkneh ls from the man

fdrkc fdrkc ls from the book

Nk=k Nk=k ls from the student

(Refer to IHG pg 92-94)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Write a few lines on the topic “My Room”
…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..
18
 Nouns with Post-positions (Plural)

All masculine and feminine nouns have the ending vksa for their plural oblique form.

Only – b bZ ending nouns change to – b;ksa (fC;ksa) while all other masculine and
or

feminine nouns have the oblique plural ending- vksa added to their direct singular form.

Masculine nouns with vk endings

Singular Plural Plural Oblique
osQyk osQys osQyksa ls
yM+dk yM+osQ yM+dksa ls
Masculine nouns not with vk endings
Singular Plural Plural Oblique
ckT+kkj ckT+kkj ckT+kkjksa ls
vkneh vkneh vknfe;ksa ls

Feminine nouns with bZ endings

Singular Plural Plural Oblique

feBkbZ feBkb+;k¡ feBkb;ksa ls
oqQjlh oqQjfl;k¡ oqQjfl;ksa ls
Feminine nouns not with bZ endings
Singular Plural Plural Oblique
fdrkc fdrkcsa fdrkcksa ls
ekrk ekrk,¡ ekrkvksa ls

19
Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)
Change the following sentences from singular to plural oblique forms:
Example :

pEep ls [kkb, A pEepksa ls [kkb,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. yM+osQ ls iwfN, A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. nqdku ij tkb, A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Nk=k osQ ckjs esa crkb, A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. dejs esa nsf[k, A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. vkneh osQ fy, iQy ykb, A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. fcYyh osQ fy, nw/ nhft, A

(Refer to IHG pg 123-124)

20
 Possession with dk
;g jke(M) dk ifjokj(M ) gS A ifjokj esa ekrk&firk vkSj HkkbZ&cgu gSaA
mldh ekrkth nqdkunkj gSa A mlosQ firkth vè;kid gSa A mlosQ HkkbZ&cgu
cgqr gksf'k;kj gSa A muosQ uke eksgu(M) vkSj xhrk(F) gSa A

Possessive forms of pronouns:

M.S. M.Pl. F.S./F.Pl.
esjk esjs esjh My, mine

gekjk gekjs gekjh Our, ours

rqEgkjk rqEgkjs rqEgkjh Your, yours (Informal)

vkidk vkiosQ vkidh Your, yours (Formal)

bldk blosQ bldh His, her, hers, its, of this

budk buosQ budh Their, theirs, they, these, those

mldk mlosQ mldh His, her, hers, its, of that

mudk muosQ mudh Their, them, they, these, those

fdldk fdlosQ fdldh Whose(Singular)

fdudk fduosQ fdudh Whose(Plural)

(Refer to IHG pgs 73-76 )

(Refer to TYH pgs 67-68, 81-82)

21
Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)
(a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate form of the possessive pronouns given in
brackets—
------------------------------------------------------------------
1. ?kj lqUnj gS A (his)
---------------------------------------------------------------
2. 'kgj lkI+kQ gS A (our)
------------------------------------------------------------
3. nqdku cM+h gS \ (whose)
------------------------------
4. csVh gksf'k;kj vkSj rsT+k Fkh A (their)
(b) Based on above paragraph Mark ( ) for the correct and (X) for the wrong
statement —

5. jke dh ekrkth nqdkunkj gSa A ( )

6. jke osQ firkth vè;kid gSa A ( )

22
 Possession with dk
;g tkWu dk ifjokj gSA tkWu dk ifjokj(M ) t;iqj(M) esa jgrk gS A mldh
,d cgu(F) gS A mldk uke ehjk gS A ehjk osQ cky(M) yacs gSa A mldk
,d HkkbZ(M ) Hkh gS A mldk uke ihVj gS A mlosQ ikl xkM+h(F) gSA
Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of possessive pronouns given in the brackets—
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. rhu cgusa gSa A (John has)
---------------------------------------------
2. vk¡[ksa cgqr lqUnj gSa A (she has)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
3. lkS #i;s gSa A (I have)
------------------------------------------------------
4. eg¡xh lkfM+;k¡ gSa A (They have)
(Refer to IHG pgs 73-76; 145-146)
(Refer to TYH pgs 114-115)
Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

(a) Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions in Hindi—

1. D;k tkWu(M) dk ifjokj(M) t;iqj(M) esa jgrk gS \

2. tkWu osQ fdrus HkkbZ&cgu gSa \
3. ehjk dkSu gS \
4. ihVj dkSu gS \

(b) Based on above paragraph Mark ( ) for the correct and (X) for the wrong
statement —

1. tkWu dh nks cgusa gSa A ( )

2. tkWu dk ,d HkkbZ gS A ( )
23
 Habitual Tense (Present & Past)

'kSyh vkSj ihVj vejhdk esa jgrs FksA os vc t;iqj esa jgrs gSaA os
t;iqj esa fgUnh i<+rs gSa A
'kSyh osQ Hkkjrh; ifjokj(M) esa ,d HkkbZ(M) gS A og LowQy(M) esa i<+rk
gSA
ihVj osQ ifjokj esa nks cgusa(F) gSa A nksuksa dkWyst esa i<+rh gSa A cM+h
cgu cgqr vPNk [kkuk(M) cukrh gS vkSj NksVh cgu cgqr vPNk
xkrh gSA

M.S. M.Pl. F.S. F.Pl.

Present
i<+rk gS i<+rs gSa i<+rh gS i<+rh gSa
Past
i<+rk Fkk i<+rs Fks i<+rh Fkh i<+rh Fkha

24
Fill in the blanks using appropriate forms of Habitual Tense:

---------------------------------------------------
eSa(F) Hkkjr esa fozQosQV A ([ksyuk Present )
----------------------------------
;s(M) jksT+k lqcg fgUnh v[+kckj A (i<+uk Present )
---------------------------------------------
fiNys lky eSa(M) dkWiQh A (ihuk Past )
----------------------------------------------------
og(F) t;iqj esa D;k \ (djuk Past )
-----------------------------------
rqe(F) vejhdk esa fdrus cts \ (mBuk Past )

(Refer to IHG pgs 82-84 & 138)

(Refer to THY pgs 78-81 & 96-97)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Read the paragraph given on page no. 23 and answer the following
questions in Hindi —

1. 'kSyh vkSj ihVj dgk¡ jgrs Fks \

2. os t;iqj esa D;k djrs gSa \
3. ihVj dh NksVh cgu D;k djrh gS \
Fill in the blanks using habitual tense of verbs as instructed in the
brackets —
------------------------------------------
4. fiNys lky ge t;iqj esa A (jguk Past)
25
 -------------------------------------------
5. og FkksM+h&FkksM+h fgUnh A (cksyuk Present )
(+ -$ J K L,M -)
-)
0* *O$ -( Q R,MST Q। + -$ J K L,M - Q।

0D ' M V W X (Y -$V QS। M ' Z- 0K - (GV ( '$V QS। [ D \

( ' Z- ! ,]( $V QS। - Y0-V M ! ,] Z- ( - V$V QS। 0* M

-MS M Y* 0 $V QS Z- ,V $V QS। 0 M -M.' L,M -+

$V QS। 0 D ' . M M D$.* Z- ( V $V QS। 0* M Y* 8

-$V QS।

F a festival in honour of Godess ( ' to cook

Lakshmi, held at the new moon of the month - Y0-V M to each other
Kartik
( -M
0*
gift, present
everywhere
-MS M
J K
to the houses
main
Y*
L,M -M
a lot
festival
0 ' to decorate
F place
,VM.Pl. '
-(
to light lamps
F hustle
0
R,MST
for this very reason
because
-M.' L,M - festival of light
0 D 'M this day F

+
V W
also
F Godess Lakshmi
. M
X (Y -' F in the evening
X F to worship X
D$.*
( '' F firework
to wear, to put on
( VM.Pl. '
[ D \
to fire cracker
delicious, tasty
8 -'
( 'M M to enjoy
cooked food, dish

26
 M (+ -$ J K L,M -)
-)
0* *O$ -( Q R,MST M Q। M + -$ J K L,M - Q। 0

D ' M M X (Y -$V QS। [ D \( ' Z- ! ,]( $V QS। M ^

VD ' M &K Q_" ' $V QS। 0* M - Y0-V M -S $V QS। 0 M M

-S MS L,M -+ $V QS। । 0* M ' $V- $V QS Z- Y* 8 -$V QS।

M a Hindu spring festival, [ D \ tasty, delicious
Bonfires are lit and coloured powder and ( ' cooked food, dish
water thrown over celebrants
( ' to cook
0* everywhere
VD ' next day
-( hustle
&K Q_" the next day of bonefire is also
R,MST because
known as Dhulaindi. On this day, people apply
+ -$ India Abeer and Gulaal on each others face.
J K main '' to celebrate
L,M - festival - Y0-V M to each other
0D ' (on) this day -S ' to apply colour
M legendary female demon 0 for this very reason
X X (Y -' to worship X

('V '(0S L,M - ^ * -V VS ---

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
27
 Construction with ^dks*
Various verbs and expressions in Hindi are used in indirect verb constructions. Some very very useful
verbs are— पसंद होना (to like), मालूम होना (to know/to have information about something or
someone), आना (to know; it is used to express the knowledge of learned skills), मलना (to happen to
meet someone that means unexpected, unplanned meeting, to come across meeting someone; to be
available to, to get/obtain, to receive), चा हए (need to, ought to, should), पड़ना (must), लगना (to
express physical feelings, sensations and perceptions).
Thus, the English sentences are expressed in Hindi as:
(a) Subject + M grammatical subject Verb
- M (0S Q।
(b) Subject + को grammatical subject infinitive of the main verb Verb

- M ' (0S Q।
In above Hindi examples the agreement with the subject is blocked by the postposition ( M), therefore,
object becomes the grammatical subject, hence agreement of the verb is with the object.
Read the following examples:
1. लड़क को कताब पढ़ना पसंद है । The girl likes to read books.
2. या आपको जवाब मालूम है ? Do you know the answer?
3. हाँ, मुझे जवाव मालूम है । Yes, I know the answer.
4. मुझे "ह#द$ आती है । I know Hindi.
5. छा को दक
ु ान म बहुत लोग )मलते ह+ । In the shop student meets (come across) many people.
6. (हमको) वहाँ स,ती कताब )मलती ह+। Inexpensive books are available there.
7. लड़के को ग#दा पानी नह$ं पीना चा"हए । The boy should not drink dirty water.
8. उसको बहुत काम करना पड़ता है । She/He have to (must) do a lot of work.
9. हमको भूख लगी है । We are hungry.
In Hindi some expressions take M postpostion as follows:
eq>s@ eq>dkss ikuh(M) pkfg, A I need water.

mls@ mldks pk; (F) ugha pkfg,A She doesn’t need tea.

mls@ mldks vke(M) ilUn gaS A He likes mangoes.

mUgsas@ mudks iuhj(M) ilUn ugha gS A They don’t like paneer.

28
bUgsa@ budks ,l-vkbZ-Vh- dk jkLrk(M) ekywe gSA They know the way to SIT.
Pronouns with ^dks* postposition
eSa $ dks ¾ eq>s @ eq>dks eq>s dy fnYyh tkuk gS A
-----------------------------
ge $ dks ¾ gesa @ gedks Hkw[k(F) yx jgh gS A
----------------
rqe $ dks ¾ rqEgsa @ rqedks D;k I;kl(F) yx jgh gS \
--------------------
vki $ dks ¾ vkidks D;k BaM(F) yx jgh gS \
------------------------------
;g $ dks ¾ bls @ bldks cqjk(F) yx jgk gS \
--------------------------------------
;s $ dks ¾ bUgsa @ budks rkT+kk iQy nks A
---------------------------------------
og $ dks ¾ mls @ mldks vanj cqykvks A
-----------------------------------------------
os $ dks ¾ mUgsa @ mudks ekywe gS A
---------------------
dkSu $ dks ¾ fdls @ fdldks vki ;gk¡ <w¡<+ jgs gSa \
------------------------
dkSu $ dks ¾ fdUgsa @ fdudks rqe ogk¡ <w¡<+ jgs Fkss \

(Refer to IHG pgs 112-115 & 129-130 & 252-254)

(Refer to TYH pgs 52-53, 68-70, 100-101)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Fill in the blanks —

------------------------------
1. Hkw[k(F) yx jgh gS A
---------------------
2. D;k BaM(F) yx jgh gS \
--------------------------------------
3. rkT+kk iQy nks A
--------------------------------------
4. ekywe@irk gS A
-----------------------
5. vki ;gk¡ <w¡<+ jgs gSa \

29
 Continuous Tense (Past & Present)

tkWu % rqe D;k dj jgh gks \

tsu % eSa fgUnh i<+ jgh gw¡ A lc Nk=k D;k dj jgs gSa \
tkWu % ihVj vkSj MsfoM cSMfeaVu [ksy jgs gSa A twyh vkSj lSjk fI+kQYe(F)
ns[k jgh gSa A gSjh xkuk(M ) lqu jgk gS A eSa ckT+kkj(M ) tk jgk gw¡ A
tsu % rqe ckT+kkj(M ) D;ksa tk jgs gks \
tkWu % eSa twrs(M ) [kjhnus osQ fy, tk jgk gw¡ A
Complete following sentences into Past Progressive Tense.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tsu D;k \
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tkWu A
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ihVj vkSj MsfoM cSMfeaVu(M) A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
twyh vkSj lSjk fI+kQYe(F) A
(Refer to IHG pgs 105-107 & 142)
(Refer to TYH pgs 112-114)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions in Hindi—
1. tsu D;k dj jgh gS \
2. cSMfeaVu dkSu [ksy jgs gaS \
3. gSjh D;k lqu jgk gS \

Fill in the blanks —

--------------------------------------------
4. twyh vkSj lSjk ns[k jgh gSa A
---------------------
5. tkWu [kjhnus osQ fy, ckT+kkj tk jgk gS A
30
 Use of the verb ‘lduk* (to be able to)

vk'kk % vkt 'kkeevening esjs ?kj dkSu vk ldrk gS \

nh;k % ugha] eSa ugha vk ldrh A eq>s cgqr dke djuk gS A
nhid % gk¡] eSa vk ldrk gw¡ A D;k rqe Hkkjrh; [kkuk idk ldrh gks\
vk'kk % gk¡] T+k:jsure] eSa nky vkSj jksVh idk ldrh gw¡ A
nhid % D;k rqe eq>s jksVh idkuk fl[kk ldrh gks \
vk'kk % T+k:jof course !
(Refer to IHG pg 165)

(Refer to TYH pgs 186-188)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

^^vki Hkkjr esa D;k dj ldrs gSa vkSj D;k ugha dj ldrs gSa** osQ ckjs esa
fopkjviews fyf[k, A
…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

…………………..……………………………………………….…………………………..

31
 Future Tense

ek¡ % dy ge 'kknh(F) esa tk,¡xs] D;k rqe Hkh gekjs lkFk pyksxh\
twyh % gk¡] D;ksa ugha] eSa 'kknh esa tkm¡Qxh] D;ksafd dy 'kke(F) eq>s
iqQjlr gS A
ek¡ % D;k rqe lkM+h(F) iguksxh \
twyh % gk¡] eSa lkM+h(F) iguw¡xh vkSj fcUnh(F) Hkh yxkm¡Qxh A
ek¡ % ogk¡ rqEgkjs nksLr(M) µ lkjk] tkWu vkSj ihVj Hkh vk,¡xs A
twyh % vjs okg! ge Hkkjrh; 'kknh(F) ns[ksaxsA cgqr eT+kk(M) vk,xkA
(Refer to IHG pg 157-160)
(Refer to TYH pgs 130-131)

Homework : (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

(A) Read the above conversation and write the answer the following
questions in Hindi —

1. twyh ek¡ osQ lkFk dgk¡ tk,xh \

2. lkM+h dkSu igusxh \
(B) Mark ( ) for the correct and (X) for the wrong statement —
3. lkjk oqQrkZ igusxh A
4. tkWu vkSj ihVj twyh osQ nksLr gSa A
5. lkjk vkSj mlosQ nksLr 'kknh esa tk,¡xs A
32
 Subjunctive

jke % eSa vanj vkm¡Q \

xksiky % th gk¡] vki vk,¡ !
jke % eSa dgk¡ cSBw¡ \
xksiky % vki b/j cSBsa A eSa pk; cukm¡Q \
jke % D;k ge ckgj pysa \
xksiky % ugha] ge ?kj ij gh jgsa rks vPNk gS A
Few common uses of Subjunctives :

1. o`Qi;k /hjs pysa A

2. X ls lko/ku jgsa A
3. o`Qi;k fgUnh esa cksysa A
4. o`Qi;k twrs igudj vanj u tk,¡ A
5. dpjk owQM+snku esa Mkysa A
6. ;gk¡ /weziku u djsa A
(Refer to IHG pgs 259-264)
(Refer to TYH pgs 148-149)

33
 Construction in Perfective Tense

QS - , । V- M[$ + , । 0K* morning 0 * V - (O] ।V

M VS a ^। M( -afternoon VS . - VS Y V। - $ ^

.b-famous Q। , *O$ Y*0Y-$beautiful *- tomb Q। , KD', world

0$ ] *
Y wonder Q। . evening M (] * V ,(K- (0 ।

V * 'host (c- - 0V V।

Irregular verbs in Perfective Tense

Tkkuk gksuk ysuk nsuk djuk
to go to become to take to give to do
M.S. x;k gqvk fy;k fn;k fd;k
M.Pl. x;s@x, gq, fy;s@fy, fn;s@fn, fd;s@fd,
F.S. xbZ@x;h gqbZ yh nh dh
F.Pl. xb±@x;ha gqb± yha nha dha

(Refer to IHG pgs 170-172)

(Refer to TYH pgs 163-173)

Homework : (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

' V Td, VS R, VS VS J,M X e (Use Perfective Tense)

', ' , - ' , 0M' , (O] ' , ', ' , a ' , *M ' , ]0'

34
In Hindi the subject of Transitive Verbs takes the postposition ^us* as follow:

V- ' ' Q। QS ,(K- 0V b]। D( V 0f QS D$ MD', VS % । ] QS'V 0M -

g - (solar cooker) - 0M - (solar lights) V S। QS'V %V 0V g-$ -0G

-h । T)- QS'V *i MS ^ 0 % )g * j V । QS'V D$ MD', ^ * -V VS T)k V ।

QS'V !(K$ , ] (Puppets) V S। QS'V (Z&. (Nursery) V । ] QS'V *O$ M MS 0V

*$ X। QS *O$ K. % । T)- QS M&(K- ।

eSa $ us ¾ eSaus dy eSaus oqQN dke(M ) ugha fd;k A

ge $ us ¾ geus fiNyslast lIrkgweek geus rhu fdrkcsa(F) i<+ha A
vki $ us ¾ vkius D;k fiNys eghusmonth vkius mls fpV~Bh( F) fy[kh \
rqe $ us ¾ rqeus dy rqeus D;k dke(M) fd;k \
---------------------------------------
;g $ us ¾ blus dy [kkuk(M ) ugha idk;k A
---------------------------------
;s $ us ¾ bUgksaus nksLr dks iQksu(M ) ugha fd;k A
--------------------------------------
og $ us ¾ mlus ,d dfork(F, P oem) fy[kh A
------------------------------------------------------
os $ us ¾ mUgksaus xUns diM+s(M ) /ks, A
-------------------------------------
dkSu $ us ¾ fdlus(Sing .) ?kj dk dke(M) ugha fd;k \
-------------------------------------------------
dkSu $ us ¾ fdUgksaus(P l. ) dy fozQosQV(M) [ksyk \

(Refer to IHG pgs 177-179)

Homework : (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

Write 7 sentences in Hindi using the Perfective Tense on ‘‘what did you do last
week ?’’

35
 The Suffix ‘okyk*

nhid % nsj gks jgh gS] vkWVksokyk ugha vk;k A

dj.k % gk¡] lqcgokyh d{kk 'kq: gksusokyh gS A cgqr nsj gks jgh gS A
nhid % ml pk;okys osQ ikl ,d vkWVksokyk [kM+k gS A ogk¡ pyrs gSa A

dj.k % Bhd gS] tYnh djks] og tkusokyk gS A

nhid % vkWVksokys HkS;k] #dks&#dks A vksg ---

(Refer to IHG pgs 270-272)

(Refer to TYH pgs 154-155)

Homework: (Please do your Hindi homework in the instructed notebook only)

(A) Read the above conversation and answer the following questions in
Hindi —

1. vkWVksokys dk bUrT+kkj dkSu dj jgk gS \

2. dkSulh d{kk 'kq: gksusokyh gS \
3. nwljk vkWVksokyk dgk¡ [kM+k Fkk \
4. ' V V .l MS M R,MS VS J,M X e

Y& , *- ,. , 0K*

36
 esjk ifjokjM meraa parivaar (My Family)
esjk ukeM --------------------------------------------- gSA eSa vejhdkM ls gw¡A
---------------------------------------------
meraa naam hai . mai amareekaa say hoo

--------------------------------- ------------------------------
eSa dk Nk=kM @dh Nk=kkF gw¡ A mai kaa chhatraM / kee chaatraaF hoo

-------------------------------------- ------------------------------
eSa lky dkM @ lky dhF gw¡ A mai saal kaaM / saal keeF hoo

---------------------------------------------
esjk ifjokj vejhdk esa gS A meraa parivaar amareekaa may hai

--------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
esjs firkthM gSaA meray pitaajee hai

----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
esjh ekrkthF gSaA meree maataajee hai

-------------------------- --------------------------
esjs HkkbZM vkSj cguF gSaA
-------------------------- --------------------------
meray bhaayee aur bahan hai .

Fill in the blanks :

vkidk uke D;k gS \ aapkaa naam kyaa hai

your name what is
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
esjk uke gSA meraa naam hai

vkiosQ firkth dk uke D;k gS \ aapkay pitaajee kaa naam kyaa hai
your father’s name what is
------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------
esjs gSA meray pitaajee kaa naam hai

vkidh ekrkth dk uke D;k gS \ aapkee maataajee kaa naam kyaa hai
your mother’s name what is
---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
esjh gSA meree maataajee kaa naam hai

37
 Nk=k vkSj vkWVksokyk (Student and Autowaalaa)
1. Nk=k(M) HkkbZ] (D;k)flfoy ykbUl pyksxs\(Brother, will you go to Civil Lines)
bhaee (kyaa) civil lines chaloge

2. vkWVksokyk(M) th gk¡ A (yes please)

jee haa
3. Nk=k fdrus #i;s(M ) \ (How many rupees ?)
kitane rupaye

4. vkWVksokyk lkS #i;s(M ) A (100 rupees)

(sau rupaye)
5. Nk=k cgqr T+;knk gS] de dhft,A (It’s too much please reduce (the price).)
bahut zyaadaa hai, kam keejiye

6. vkWVksokyk Bhd gS] vLlh #i;sA (Ok, Eighty rupees)

Theek hai, assee rupaye

7. Nk=k HkkbZ] eSa Nk=k(M ) @Nk=kk(F) gw¡ A (Brother, I am a student.)

bhaaee, mai chhaatra/chhaatraa hoo

eSa ipkl #i;s gh nw¡xk(M) @nw¡xh (F) A (I will give fifty rupees only.)
mai pachaas rupaye hee doogaa/doogee

8. vkWVksokyk Bhd gS] cSfB, A 60 #i;s nsuk A (All right, please sit give 60 rupees)
Theek hai, baiThiye saaTh rupaye denaa

9. Nk=k lh/k pyksA nk,¡ eqM+ksA ck,¡ eqM+ksA (Go straight. Turn right. Turn left.)
seedhaa chalo daaye muṛo baaye muṛo

jksdks] jksdks] ;gk¡ jksfd,A 60 #i;s yhft,A (Stop, stop, please stop here
roko, roko yahaa rokiye saaTh rupaye leejiye please take 60 rupees.)

10. Nk=k /U;okn@'kqfozQ;k A (Thank you.)

dhayawaad/shukriyaa

38
 vkWVksokys dks cqykuk (To call an autowaalaa)
--------------------
1. Nk=kM % gSyks] eSa cksy jgkM @ jghF gw¡ A
--------------------
Hello, mai bol rahaa/rahee hoo
--------------------
Hello, I am speaking.

2. vkWVksokyk % gk¡ A
haa

3. Nk=k % D;k vki 5 cts LowQy vk ldrs gSa \

kyaa aap paach baje school aa sakte hai
Can you come to the school at 5 o’clock ?

4. vkWVksokyk % gk¡] Bhd gS A

haa, Theek hai
yes, all right

39
 [kjhnkjh (Shopping Clothes/Dresses)

1. Nk=k ;g oqQjrkM fdrus dkM gS \ ;g lkM+hF fdrus dhF gS \

yah kurtaa kitne kaa hai ? yah saṛee kitne kee hai ?
How much is this kurtaaM /sareeF ?
2. nqdkunkj 100 #i;s A (sau rupaye)
3. Nk=k Matching iktkekM @pqUuhF @lyokjM Hkh fn[kkb, A
Matching Pajama/chunni/salwar bhee dikhaaiye
Please show matching Pajama/chunni/salwar also/too.

4. nqdkunkj ml rack esa nsf[k, A

us rack may dekhiye
Please look in that rack at.

5. Nk=k cM+k@NksVk size nhft, A

baṛa /chhotaa size deejiye
Please give bigger/smaller size.

6. nqdkunkj eSa check djrk gw¡ A

mai check kartaa hoo
Let me check.

7. Nk=k Trial/fitting room dgk¡ gS \ ;g Bhd gS A

Trial/fitting room kahaa hai yah Theek hai
Where is Trial/fitting room? This is OK.

8. Nk=k (student at the bill counter) fcy cuk nhft, A

Bill banaa deejiye
Please make the bill.
9. Nk=k D;k eSa Card ls pay dj ldrkM @ldrhF gw¡ \
kyaa mai card se pay kar saktaa/saktee hoo.
May I pay by card?

10. Nk=k /U;okn@'kqfozQ;k A

dhanywaad/shukriyaa
Thank you

40
 [kjhnkjh (Shopping Fruits and Vegetables)
1. Nk=k bldk D;k Hkko gS \
Iskaa kyaa bhaav hai
Of this what price is
2. nqdkunkj 50 #i;s fdyks A (50 Rupees/kg)
pachaas rupaye kilo

3. Nk=k cgqr T+;knk gS] de dhft,A

Bahut zyaadaa hai, kam keejiye
too much is please reduce (the price)
4. nqdkunkj Bhd gS] pkyhl #i;s (nhft,)A
Theek hai, chalees rupaye (deejiye)
all right (give) forty rupees
5. Nk=k ,d fdyks nhft, A (one Kg please give)
ek kilo deejiye

6. nqdkunkj (;s) yhft, A (Please take)

(ye) leejiye

7. Nk=k (;s) yhft, 100 #i;s A (Please take 100 rupees)

(ye) leejiye sau rupaye

8. nqdkunkj [kqYys #i;s nhft, A (Please give change)

khullay rupaye deejiye

9. Nk=k ekiQ dhft, A [kqYys #i;s ugha gSa A

maaf keejiye khulle rupaye nahee hai (Sorry, I don’t have change)

10. nqdkunkj dksbZ ckr ugha A 60 #i;s yhft, A

Koi baat nahee saaTh rupaye leejiye (No problem. Take 60 rupees)

11. Nk=k /U;okn@'kqfozQ;k A (Thank you)

dhanywad/shukriyaa

41
 jsLVkWjs.V esa ckrphr (Conversation in a Restaurant)

1. osVj % vkb,] cSfB, A aaiye, baiThiye

(Waiter) vki D;k ysaxs(M) @ ysaxh(F) \ aap kyaa layge / laygee
M F

;k yaa (OR)
vki D;k [kk,¡xs @ [kk,¡xh \ aap kyaa khaayege / khaayegee
M F

2. Nk=k % eSU;w dkMZ nhft,A ik¡p feuV ckn vkb,A

(Student) menu card deejiye paach minaT baad aaiye
3. osVj % th crkb,A jee bataaiye
4. Nk=k % eq>s ,d ikyd iuhj] ,d nky vkSj nks uku pkfg,A
Mujhe ek paalak paneer, ek daal aur do nana chaahiye
(eq>s) [kkuk de rsy okyk vkSj de elkys okyk pkfg,A
(mujhe) khaanaa kam tel waalaa aur kam masaalay waalaa chaahiye
5. osVj % vkSj dqN \ aur kuch
6. Nk=k % ,d cksry ikuh Hkh pkfg,A ek botal paanee bhee chaahiye
7. Nk=k % fcy ykb,A bil laaiye
8. osVj % vkidk fcyA aapkaa bil
[kkuk oSQlk Fkk \ khaanaa kaisaa thaa
9. Nk=k % [kkuk vPNk FkkA khaanaa achchhaa thaa
eq>s Hkkjrh; [kkuk ilan gSA mujhe bhaartiy khaanaa pasand hai
/U;oknA dhanywaad

Vocubulary:
Ikkyd Spinach uku Indian Bread
iuhj Paneer (Cottage Cheese) de rsy okyk Less oily
nky Lentils, Pulses de elkys okyk Less spicy

42
 esgeku vkSj esT+kcku (Guest and Host)

1. esgeku % ueLrs! (Namaste)

(Guest)

2. esT+kcku % ueLrs! vkb,] cSfB, A vki oSQls(M)@oSQlh(F) gSa \

(Host) Namaste ! aaiye, baiThiye. aap kaise/kaisee hai

3. esgeku % eSa Bhd gw¡ A vkSj vki \ mai Theek hoo . aur aap

4. esT+kcku % eSa Bhd gw¡A mai Theek hoo (Introduction)

5. esT+kcku % vki D;k ysaxs(M) @ ysaxh(F) \ pk; ;k BaMk (Cold Drink) \
aap kyaa lege / legee ? chaay yaa ThaDaa

6. esgeku % eSa pk; yw¡xk(M) @ yw¡xh(F) A mai chaay loogaa / loogee

7. esgeku % vkidk ?kj cgqr lqUnj gSA aapkaa ghar bahut sundar hai

8. esT+kcku % /U;oknA dhanywaad

9. esgeku % vc eq>s tkuk pkfg, A ab mujhe jaanaa chaahiye

10. esT+kcku % Bhd gSA fiQj feyasxs A Theek phir milege

11. esgeku % vkils feydj [kq'kh gqbZ A aapse milkar khushee hui

12. esT+kcku % eq>s Hkh A 'kqfozQ;k @ueLrs A mujhe bhee. shukriyaa / namaste

43
 Hkkjrh; Nk=k ls ckrphr (Conversation with a Indian student)

1. Nk=k(student) ueLrs ! namastay (Introduction)

2. ckfydk(girl) ueLrs ! namastay (Introduction)

3. Nk=k vki D;k i<+rs@i<+rh gSa \ aap kyaa paṛhatay/paṛhatee hai

4. ckfydk laxhr sageet (music)] bfrgkl itihaas (history)] ---

5. Nk=k vkiosQ 'kkSd (hobbies) D;k&D;k gSa \ aapkay shauk kyaa-kyaa hai

6. ckfydk eq>s laxhr lquuk (listening to music) vkSj fI+kQYe ns[kuk vPNk
yxrk gS A mujhe sageet sunanaa aur film dekhanaa achchhaa lagataa hai

7. Nk=k vki cM+h gksdj D;k cuuk pkgrh gSa \

aap baṛee hokar kyaa banana chaahatee hai (What do want to be in your life ?)

8. ckfydk (eSa) Vhpj@iqfyl@MkWDVj@ulZ --- cuuk pkgrh gw¡A

(mai) teacher/police/doctor/nurse …. banana chaahatee hoo

9. ckfydk vki ;gk¡ D;ksa vk,@vkbZ gSa \ aap yahaa kyo aaye / aayee hai

10. Nk=k eSa ;gk¡ i<+us osQ fy, vk;k@vkbZ gw¡ A

mai yahaa paṛhanay kay liye aayaa/aayee hoo

11. ckfydk D;k vki vosQys alone vk,@vkbZ gSa \

kyaa aap akaylay aaye/aayee hai

12. Nk=k eSa nksLrksa osQ lkFk vk;k@vkbZ gw¡ A mai dosto kay saath aayaa/aayee hoo

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. ckfydk
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Nk=k
15. ckfydk vkils feydj [kq'kh gqbZ A aapsay milkar khushee hui

16. Nk=k gesa Hkh ! hamay bhee ! fiQj vkuk phir aanaa (bye bye)
44
 Fixing up a Meeting on the phone

------------
1. Nk=k % eSa cksy jgk(M) @ jgh(F) gw¡A (Introduction)
main …… bol rahaa / rahee hoo

D;k eSa laxhrk th ls ckr dj ldrk(M) @ ldrh(F) gw¡ \

kyaa mai sageetaa ji say baat kar sakataa / sakataa hoo

2. laxhrk th % th gk¡] eSa laxhrk cksy jgh gw¡A

jee haa, mai sageetaa bol rahee hoo

3. Nk=k % eSa vkils feyuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw¡A

mai aapse milanaa chaahtaa / chaahtee hoo

4. laxhrk th % D;ksa \ fdl ckjs esa \

kyo ? kis baaray may

5. Nk=k % I.S.P. osQ ckjs esa A

I.S.P. kay baaray may

6. laxhrk th % Bhd gS] dc \ fdl le; \

Theek hai, kab ? kis samay ?

7. Nk=k % D;k vki dy fey ldrh gSa \

kyaa aap kal mil sakatee hai

8. laxhrk th % Bhd gS] dgk¡ \

Theek hai, kahaa

9. Nk=k % dy nks cts (O’clock), D;k vki Vijh( Tapri) esa fey ldrh gSa\
kal do baje, kyaa aap taparee may mil sakatee hai ?

10. laxhrk th % Bhd gSA

Theek hai

11. Nk=k % /U;okn] ueLrsA

dhanywaad, namastay

45
 xk¡ookys ls ckrphr (Conversation with a villager)

1. Nk=k ueLrs ! namastay (Introduction)

2. xk¡ookyk ueLrs ! namastay (Introduction)

3. Nk=k xk¡o osQ ljiap dk uke D;k gS \ gaav kay sarpach kaa naam kyaa hai

------------
4. xk¡ookyk xk¡o osQ ljiap dk uke gS A gaav kay sarpach kaa naam … hai

5. Nk=k iapk;r osQ pquko (election) dc gq, Fks \

pachayat kay chunaav kab huye the
------------
6. xk¡ookyk iapk;r osQ pquko esa gq, Fks A
panchayat kay chunaav …… may huye the

7. Nk=k D;k efgyk,¡ (women) Hkh pquko yM+rh (contest) gSa \

kyaa mahailaaye bhee chunaav laṛatee hai

8. xk¡ookyk gk¡] gekjs xk¡o esa efgyk iz/ku (chief) gS A

haa, hamaaray gaav may mahailaa pradhaan hai

9. Nk=k iapk;r us xk¡o osQ fodkl osQ fy, D;k&D;k fd;k \

pachaayat nay gaav kay vikaas kay liye kyaa-kyaa kiyaa?

10. xk¡ookyk iapk;r us LowQy o lM+osaQ(roads) cuok;ha (constructed) A ---

pachaayat nay skool va saṛakay banvaayee

11. Nk=k D;k vki iapk;r osQ dke ls [kq'k gSa \

kyaa aap pachaayat kay kaam say khush hai

12. xk¡ookyk gk¡@ugha] ---

haa / nahee

46
 $ X$ $ – D2 M 0S ! -
g V

- Y- (K- VS - $ Q। - (K- M ] Q। ] VS -V-+-V (VG QS। ] VS Z(

+ ।Q ] VS 0K - 0K - V$ ।QS D ' X * $ ।Q - Y D '%।- Y ^

D($ ! V - । - Y 'V 0* M ! *] । ! M n G

8 ' (- D - , । %MG V- * ] DS , ] ।S 0 -h SD , ] - 0

! ^ n GV M V - 'V S। - Y ZG - D($ ^ ( 0 , । 0'V D($ M

*$ , T *O$ 0 -h DS , ] - ! ^ n GV M V - QS। - Y ^ D($

'V 0 , , ‘‘*V V ! $ VS *G $ $ M$ ।Q ’’

‘‘ $ R, M$ Q, D($ ?’’ - Y 'V (Y ।- Y ^ D($ 'V 0 , , ‘‘ $

$ * Q – - -' । - -'V 0V 0- M $ Q। M

- - $V QS VS (-V. ' ! ' (G$ ।Q ' ' 0K 0V +- $ ।Q ’’

] m village V 'V ' to start to do some thing
-V-+-V verdant (green) ZG - running
(VGm tree X ^( 0 ' to go (near) to X
Z( f village meeeting place X V ' to carry away X
V$m agriculture farm X M0 , to make someone understood
D 'm birthday $ f unity
X V - ' having bring X $ $f strength
0* M to all - -' to work with cooperation
* ] ' to distribute M + any task (work)

X n G m piece of X 0- M ' to turn out to be simple

8 'f here ground M who, whoever
D - ' to fell down (-V. ' f difficulty
%MG V- * after some time 'm life
SD , f] ants 0K m happy

- (here) together X 0V +- ' to be filled with/by X

X V - ' to carry X

47
 M( Z- *S -

M( %। . - 0V MD(, ] -h $ % Z- ] VS MD(, ] *V $ % ।

D ' M( - VS S 0V - %।

(VG ^' V - -- %। 0M , ।

(VG ^ (- g *S - - $V %V। *S -MS 'V MD(,MS X !-h M । MD(, ] D' S Z- ( ' S।

0* *S - K. %V Z- ]0 - V %V।

* M( $* 0'V V T MD(, ] *S -MS 'V ( ' S। 0V *O$ K[0 , । 0'V

('V 0- X M( 8 ' (- )^S Z- , ‘‘, + ( ' M।’’

*S -MS 'V + 0- 0V MD(, ] )^S S। M( V 'V MD(, ] { - S Z- !-h VS * ]& S।

T)- ] X M- (G ।

M( F =cap 0M ' =to sleep ' =to wake up

. -M =city X ^ (- =above the X 0V *O$ K[0 M , =he

became very angry
] M =village g =some
8 'F =ground, floor
D 'M =day *S -M =monkey
)^S V' =to throw
M( -F =afternoon !-hF =bundle
{ - V' =to gather up
S M =jungle M ' =to open
* ]& V' =to tie up
(VGM =tree D' ' =to take out
X X M-F =towards X
X ^' V =under the X ( ' V' =to wear
(G' =to set off
- -' =to rest ]0' =to laugh

49
 S - %
S %। S VS - $ % । -M8 0K* +M ' ^ &-- &- $ % । 0+

SD , ] 0 ^( V -( V $ % S। S VS % + - $ % । D '+- &-- &-

Y $ % - S ^ (VG-(Z&V $MG$ % । % ' -MS M (-V. ' -$ % । SD ,MS M

V $ % - ' M g $ %। SD , ] 0 M V $ %S - (-V. ' M$ % S। D '

S 'V – ‘‘$K 0* M *O$ 0$ $V M। , i * $ ' S Q।’’ % *M - ‘‘ K( - M। $K

*O$ M M। $K |, $ *M M।’’ S K( M , - 0 VS ( , । Y0-V D ' %

Y - %। S K( ^ 0V 0 X 0Y]G VS K0 , । g V- * S 'V ' .K} T , । %

'V 0Y]G 8M--8M- 0V ,। S *M – ‘‘$K 0* M *O$ 0$ $V M, * R,MS (-V. ' M - V M?

’’ % *M – ‘‘ K V 9 -M। * QS Y0-V M MS M (-V. ' ' S }] ।’’ S M , ,।

0Y]G 0V * - D' - *M – ‘‘T 0 M M - 8M- ' S 0 ' ।’’

S F =an ant X M (-V. ' -$ =to cause to g V- * =after some time

S M =forest trouble X ' .K} T , = began to
g ' =to crush
- ' =to live bite
(-V. ' M' = to be trouble 8M--8M- 0V = forcefully
0K* F =morning
+M 'M = '
=said ,, ' =shook, to
0$ ' =to torment/harass
&-- &- =here and there shake
K( - M= keep quiet (-V. ' M' =to be troubled/
0+ =0* all
S K( M , =ant became distressed
0 ^( V-( V $ % S = used
to go after her
quiet * QS Y0-V M MS M (-V. '
S 0 VS ( , = ant hid
+ =also, too ' S }] = now I will not
into the grass
D '+- = entire day
Y0-V =another, other harass others
Y ' =to wander , , = felt pity
K( ^ 0V =quietly
(VGM =tree * - D'
0Y]GF =(elephant’s) trunk =came out
(Z&VM =plants
0 X 0Y]G VS K0 ,
$MG' =to break, to pluck
=penetrated/ thrust in
' -M =animal elephant’s trunk
T 0 M M - 8M- ' S 0 ' =Do not consider anyone small and weak.

50