Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass:-
The term glass signifies an inorganic product of fusion that has been cooled to a rigid condition without
crystallization containing chiefly silica and some other selected compounds.
Glass is a combination of sand and other minerals that are melted together at very high temperatures to form a
material that is ideal for a wide range of uses from packaging and construction to fiber optics. A form of glass
occurs naturally within the mouth of a volcano when the intense heat of an eruption melts sand to form
Obsidian, a hard black glassy type of stone. Today man has lots of technologies for the glass-making process
and can make many different types of glass in infinitely varied colours formed into a wide range of products.
Glass, chemically, is actually more like a liquid, but at room temperature it is so viscous or sticky it looks and
feels like a solid. At higher temperatures glass gradually becomes softer and more like a liquid. It is this latter
property, which allows glass to be poured, blown, pressed and moulded into such a variety of shapes
Properties of glass:-
Glass has quite high tensile strength. In very fine wire drawn from molten glass may show tensile
strength of 105 Kg/Sq cm through ordinary thread have 700 to 1400 Kg/sq cm, modulus of elasticity is
also high. These properties however show great variation depending upon composition of glass and
method of manufacture.
Glass has low ductility, low conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Glasses are resistance to acids and many other chemical hence are ideal material for storage of
chemical.
Glass is very good electrical insulator.
Have very high softening point and can be used at high temperature.
It is corrosive resistance and high workability.
It is good in compression compared with its tension.
It is poor in resisting shock and impact stress.
Classification of Glass:-
1. Based on predominant chemical composition(manufacturing types):-
a. Soda Lime glass(soft glass):-
SiO2 – 71 to 74% , Na2O – 13 to 17 % , CaO – 5 to 14 %, used for window panes, plate glass, light bulb and
containers.
b. Lead glass (Flint glass):-
SiO2 – 67 to 73% , PbO- 15 to 30%, K2O – 4 to 7 %, Na2O – 9 to 12 %. It posses bright luster and very high
refractive power. It is manufactured for making shield for protection against radiation of different types. It is
also used for optical instrument like lens, prism , mirrors etc.
c. Borosilicate glass:-
B2O3 – 5 to 20 %. Its general utilized glass is also known as Pyrex as trade name contains Al2O3 – 2%, Na2O –
4% and B2O3 – 12%. It is used as cooking utensils, laboratory ware, and piping.
d. Aluminum Silicate glass:-
It contains Al of 20%.
e. High silica glass (Quartz) :-
About 96%
f. Potassium lime glass (Hard glass):-
Mixture of potassium silicate and calcium silicate. It is hard and able to resist the impact better. It is used for
high class window, door glass panes, partition glass panel.
g. Common glass:-
Mixture of sodium silicate, calcium silicate and iron silicate. It is soft glass but colored. It is able to resist
chemical action better. It is used as bottle, and medicine bottle.