CFR 2011 Title40 Vol2 Part50 Appl

Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 50, App.
L
Example 2 Example 3
In this example, everyday sampling was A monitoring site samples according to a
initiated following the first observed exceed- systematic sampling schedule of one sample
ance as required by 40 CFR 58.12. Accord- every 6 days, for a total of 15 scheduled sam-
ingly, the first observed exceedance would ples in a quarter out of a total of 92 possible
not be adjusted for incomplete sampling. samples. During one 6-day period, potential
During the next three quarters, 1.2 episode levels of PM10 were suspected, so 5
exceedances were estimated. In this case, the additional samples were taken. One of the
estimated exceedances for the year would be regular scheduled samples was missed, so a
1.0 + 1.2 + 0.0 + 0.0 which equals 2.2. If, as be- total of 19 samples in 14 sampling strata
fore, no exceedances were observed for the were measured. The one 6-day sampling stra-
two previous years, then the estimated tum with 6 samples recorded 2 exceedances.
exceedances for the 3-year period would then The remainder of the quarter with one sam-
be (1⁄3) × (2.2 + 0.0 + 0.0) = 0.7, and the moni- ple per stratum recorded zero exceedances.
toring site would not fail the attainment Using Equation 3, the estimated number of
exceedances for the quarter is:
test.
Eq = (92/14) × (2/6 + 0 +. . .+ 0) = 2.19.
3.2 Adjustments for Non-Scheduled Sampling
[71 FR 61224, Oct. 17, 2006]
Days
(a) If a systematic sampling schedule is APPENDIX L TO PART 50—REFERENCE
used and sampling is performed on days in METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
addition to the days specified by the system- FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AS PM2.5
atic sampling schedule, e.g., during episodes IN THE ATMOSPHERE
of high pollution, then an adjustment must
be made in the equation for the estimation 1.0 Applicability.
of exceedances. Such an adjustment is need- 1.1 This method provides for the measure-
ed to eliminate the bias in the estimate of ment of the mass concentration of fine par-
the quarterly and annual number of ticulate matter having an aerodynamic di-
exceedances that would occur if the chance ameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5
of an exceedance is different for scheduled micrometers (PM2.5) in ambient air over a 24-
than for non-scheduled days, as would be the hour period for purposes of determining
case with episode sampling. whether the primary and secondary national
ambient air quality standards for fine partic-
(b) The required adjustment treats the sys-
ulate matter specified in § 50.7 and § 50.13 of
tematic sampling schedule as a stratified
this part are met. The measurement process
sampling plan. If the period from one sched-
is considered to be nondestructive, and the
uled sample until the day preceding the next
PM2.5 sample obtained can be subjected to
scheduled sample is defined as a sampling
subsequent physical or chemical analyses.
stratum, then there is one stratum for each
Quality assessment procedures are provided
scheduled sampling day. An average number
in part 58, appendix A of this chapter, and
of observed exceedances is computed for each
quality assurance guidance are provided in
of these sampling strata. With nonscheduled references 1, 2, and 3 in section 13.0 of this
sampling days, the estimated number of appendix.
exceedances is defined as: 1.2 This method will be considered a ref-
erence method for purposes of part 58 of this
Equation 3 chapter only if:
(a) The associated sampler meets the re-
⎛ Nq ⎞ mq ⎛ v j ⎞ quirements specified in this appendix and
eq = ⎜
⎜m ⎟⎟ × ∑ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ the applicable requirements in part 53 of this
⎝ q ⎠ j= l ⎝ k j ⎠ chapter, and
(b) The method and associated sampler
Where: have been designated as a reference method
eq = the estimated number of exceedances for in accordance with part 53 of this chapter.
the quarter; 1.3 PM2.5 samplers that meet nearly all
Nq = the number of days in the quarter; specifications set forth in this method but
mq = the number of strata with samples dur- have minor deviations and/or modifications
ing the quarter; of the reference method sampler will be des-
ignated as ‘‘Class I’’ equivalent methods for
vj = the number of observed exceedances in
PM2.5 in accordance with part 53 of this chap-
stratum j; and
ter.
kj = the number of actual samples in stratum
wreier-aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR
2.0 Principle.
j. 2.1 An electrically powered air sampler
(c) Note that if only one sample value is re- draws ambient air at a constant volumetric
corded in each stratum, then Equation 3 re- flow rate into a specially shaped inlet and
duces to Equation 1. through an inertial particle size separator
81
ER17OC06.002</MATH>
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Pt. 50, App. L 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–11 Edition)
(impactor) where the suspended particulate exceedance for the sample period. When re-
matter in the PM2.5 size range is separated ported to AIRS, this data value should re-
for collection on a polytetrafluoroethylene ceive a special code to identify it as not to be
(PTFE) filter over the specified sampling pe- commingled with normal concentration
riod. The air sampler and other aspects of measurements or used for other purposes.
this reference method are specified either ex- 4.0 Accuracy.
plicitly in this appendix or generally with 4.1 Because the size and volatility of the
reference to other applicable regulations or particles making up ambient particulate
quality assurance guidance. matter vary over a wide range and the mass
2.2 Each filter is weighed (after moisture concentration of particles varies with par-
and temperature conditioning) before and ticle size, it is difficult to define the accu-
after sample collection to determine the net racy of PM2.5 measurements in an absolute
gain due to collected PM2.5. The total volume sense. The accuracy of PM2.5 measurements
of air sampled is determined by the sampler is therefore defined in a relative sense, ref-
from the measured flow rate at actual ambi- erenced to measurements provided by this
ent temperature and pressure and the sam- reference method. Accordingly, accuracy
pling time. The mass concentration of PM2.5 shall be defined as the degree of agreement
in the ambient air is computed as the total between a subject field PM2.5 sampler and a
mass of collected particles in the PM2.5 size collocated PM2.5 reference method audit
range divided by the actual volume of air sampler operating simultaneously at the
sampled, and is expressed in micrograms per monitoring site location of the subject sam-
cubic meter of air (μg/m3). pler and includes both random (precision)
3.0 PM2.5 Measurement Range. and systematic (bias) errors. The require-
3.1 Lower concentration limit. The lower de-
ments for this field sampler audit procedure
tection limit of the mass concentration
are set forth in part 58, appendix A of this
measurement range is estimated to be ap-
chapter.
proximately 2 μg/m3, based on noted mass
changes in field blanks in conjunction with 4.2 Measurement system bias. Results of col-
the 24 m3 nominal total air sample volume located measurements where the duplicate
specified for the 24-hour sample. sampler is a reference method sampler are
3.2 Upper concentration limit. The upper used to assess a portion of the measurement
limit of the mass concentration range is de- system bias according to the schedule and
termined by the filter mass loading beyond procedure specified in part 58, appendix A of
which the sampler can no longer maintain this chapter.
the operating flow rate within specified lim- 4.3 Audits with reference method samplers to
its due to increased pressure drop across the determine system accuracy and bias. According
loaded filter. This upper limit cannot be to the schedule and procedure specified in
specified precisely because it is a complex part 58, appendix A of this chapter, a ref-
function of the ambient particle size dis- erence method sampler is required to be lo-
tribution and type, humidity, the individual cated at each of selected PM2.5 SLAMS sites
filter used, the capacity of the sampler flow as a duplicate sampler. The results from the
rate control system, and perhaps other fac- primary sampler and the duplicate reference
tors. Nevertheless, all samplers are esti- method sampler are used to calculate accu-
mated to be capable of measuring 24-hour racy of the primary sampler on a quarterly
PM2.5 mass concentrations of at least 200 μg/ basis, bias of the primary sampler on an an-
m3 while maintaining the operating flow rate nual basis, and bias of a single reporting or-
within the specified limits. ganization on an annual basis. Reference 2 in
3.3 Sample period. The required sample pe- section 13.0 of this appendix provides addi-
riod for PM2.5 concentration measurements tional information and guidance on these
by this method shall be 1,380 to 1500 minutes reference method audits.
(23 to 25 hours). However, when a sample pe- 4.4 Flow rate accuracy and bias. Part 58, ap-
riod is less than 1,380 minutes, the measured pendix A of this chapter requires that the
concentration (as determined by the col- flow rate accuracy and bias of individual
lected PM2.5 mass divided by the actual sam- PM2.5 samplers used in SLAMS monitoring
pled air volume), multiplied by the actual networks be assessed periodically via audits
number of minutes in the sample period and of each sampler’s operational flow rate. In
divided by 1,440, may be used as if it were a addition, part 58, appendix A of this chapter
valid concentration measurement for the requires that flow rate bias for each ref-
specific purpose of determining a violation of erence and equivalent method operated by
the NAAQS. This value assumes that the each reporting organization be assessed
PM2.5 concentration is zero for the remaining quarterly and annually. Reference 2 in sec-
portion of the sample period and therefore tion 13.0 of this appendix provides additional
represents the minimum concentration that information and guidance on flow rate accu-
could have been measured for the full 24-hour racy audits and calculations for accuracy
sample period. Accordingly, if the value thus and bias.
calculated is high enough to be an exceed- 5.0 Precision. A data quality objective of 10
ance, such an exceedance would be a valid percent coefficient of variation or better has
82
Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 50, App. L
been established for the operational preci- greater. The filters shall be weighed under
sion of PM2.5 monitoring data. laboratory conditions and shall have had no
5.1 Tests to establish initial operational air sample passed through them, i.e., filter
precision for each reference method sampler blanks. Each test procedure must include
are specified as a part of the requirements initial conditioning and weighing, the test,
for designation as a reference method under and final conditioning and weighing. Condi-
§ 53.58 of this chapter. tioning and weighing shall be in accordance
5.2 Measurement System Precision. Collo- with sections 8.0 through 8.2 of this appendix
cated sampler results, where the duplicate and general guidance provided in reference 2
sampler is not a reference method sampler of section 13.0 of this appendix.
but is a sampler of the same designated 6.9.1 Test for loose, surface particle contami-
method as the primary sampler, are used to nation. After the initial weighing, install
assess measurement system precision ac- each test filter, in turn, in a filter cassette
cording to the schedule and procedure speci- (Figures L–27, L–28, and L–29 of this appen-
fied in part 58, appendix A of this chapter. dix) and drop the cassette from a height of 25
Part 58, appendix A of this chapter requires cm to a flat hard surface, such as a particle-
that these collocated sampler measurements free wood bench. Repeat two times, for a
be used to calculate quarterly and annual total of three drop tests for each test filter.
precision estimates for each primary sam- Remove the test filter from the cassette and
pler and for each designated method em- weigh the filter. The average change in
ployed by each reporting organization. Ref- weight must be less than 20 μg.
erence 2 in section 13.0 of this appendix pro- 6.9.2 Test for temperature stability. After
vides additional information and guidance weighing each filter, place the test filters in
on this requirement. a drying oven set at 40 °C ±2 °C for not less
6.0 Filter for PM2.5 Sample Collection. Any fil- than 48 hours. Remove, condition, and re-
ter manufacturer or vendor who sells or of- weigh each test filter. The average change in
fers to sell filters specifically identified for weight must be less than 20 μg.
use with this PM2.5 reference method shall 6.10 Alkalinity. Less than 25 microequiva-
certify that the required number of filters lents/gram of filter, as measured by the guid-
from each lot of filters offered for sale as ance given in reference 2 in section 13.0 of
such have been tested as specified in this sec- this appendix.
tion 6.0 and meet all of the following design 6.11 Supplemental requirements. Although
and performance specifications. not required for determination of PM2.5 mass
6.1 Size. Circular, 46.2 mm diameter ±0.25 concentration under this reference method,
mm. additional specifications for the filter must
6.2 Medium. Polytetrafluoroethylene be developed by users who intend to subject
(PTFE Teflon), with integral support ring. PM2.5 filter samples to subsequent chemical
6.3 Support ring. Polymethylpentene (PMP) analysis. These supplemental specifications
or equivalent inert material, 0.38 ±0.04 mm include background chemical contamination
thick, outer diameter 46.2 mm ±0.25 mm, and of the filter and any other filter parameters
width of 3.68 mm ( ±0.00, -0.51 mm). that may be required by the method of chem-
6.4 Pore size. 2 μm as measured by ASTM F ical analysis. All such supplemental filter
316–94. specifications must be compatible with and
6.5 Filter thickness. 30 to 50 μm. secondary to the primary filter specifica-
6.6 Maximum pressure drop (clean filter). 30 tions given in this section 6.0 of this appen-
cm H2O column @ 16.67 L/min clean air flow. dix.
6.7 Maximum moisture pickup. Not more 7.0 PM2.5 Sampler.
than 10 μg weight increase after 24-hour ex- 7.1 Configuration. The sampler shall consist
posure to air of 40 percent relative humidity, of a sample air inlet, downtube, particle size
relative to weight after 24-hour exposure to separator (impactor), filter holder assembly,
air of 35 percent relative humidity. air pump and flow rate control system, flow
6.8 Collection efficiency. Greater than 99.7 rate measurement device, ambient and filter
percent, as measured by the DOP test (ASTM temperature monitoring system, barometric
D 2986–91) with 0.3 μm particles at the sam- pressure measurement system, timer, out-
pler’s operating face velocity. door environmental enclosure, and suitable
6.9 Filter weight stability. Filter weight loss mechanical, electrical, or electronic control
shall be less than 20 μg, as measured in each capability to meet or exceed the design and
of the following two tests specified in sec- functional performance as specified in this
tions 6.9.1 and 6.9.2 of this appendix. The fol- section 7.0 of this appendix. The performance
lowing conditions apply to both of these specifications require that the sampler:
tests: Filter weight loss shall be the average (a) Provide automatic control of sample
difference between the initial and the final volumetric flow rate and other operational
filter weights of a random sample of test fil- parameters.

ters selected from each lot prior to sale. The (b) Monitor these operational parameters
number of filters tested shall be not less as well as ambient temperature and pressure.
than 0.1 percent of the filters of each manu- (c) Provide this information to the sampler
facturing lot, or 10 filters, whichever is operator at the end of each sample period in
83
digital form, as specified in table L–1 of sec- a cyclone-type separator (VSCCTM) described
tion 7.4.19 of this appendix. in section 7.3.4.4 of this appendix.
7.2 Nature of specifications. The PM2.5 sam- 7.3.4.1 The impactor (particle size sepa-
pler is specified by a combination of design rator) shall be fabricated as indicated in Fig-
and performance requirements. The sample ures L–20 through L–24 of this appendix and
inlet, downtube, particle size discriminator, shall meet all associated requirements. Fol-
filter cassette, and the internal configura- lowing the manufacture and finishing of each
tion of the filter holder assembly are speci- upper impactor housing (Figure L–21 of this
fied explicitly by design figures and associ- appendix), the dimension of the impaction
ated mechanical dimensions, tolerances, ma- jet must be verified by the manufacturer
terials, surface finishes, assembly instruc- using Class ZZ go/no-go plug gauges that are
tions, and other necessary specifications. All traceable to NIST.
other aspects of the sampler are specified by 7.3.4.2 Impactor filter specifications:
required operational function and perform- (a) Size. Circular, 35 to 37 mm diameter.
ance, and the design of these other aspects (b) Medium. Borosilicate glass fiber, with-
(including the design of the lower portion of out binder.
the filter holder assembly) is optional, sub- (c) Pore size. 1 to 1.5 micrometer, as meas-
ject to acceptable operational performance. ured by ASTM F 316–80.
Test procedures to demonstrate compliance (d) Thickness. 300 to 500 micrometers.
with both the design and performance re- 7.3.4.3 Impactor oil specifications:
quirements are set forth in subpart E of part (a) Composition. Dioctyl sebacate (DOS),
53 of this chapter. single-compound diffusion oil.
7.3 Design specifications. Except as indicated (b) Vapor pressure. Maximum 2×10¥8 mm
in this section 7.3 of this appendix, these Hg at 25 °C.
components must be manufactured or repro- (c) Viscosity. 36 to 40 centistokes at 25 °C.
duced exactly as specified, in an ISO 9001- (d) Density. 1.06 to 1.07 g/cm3 at 25 °C.
registered facility, with registration ini- (e) Quantity. 1 mL ±0.1 mL.
tially approved and subsequently maintained 7.3.4.4 The cyclone-type separator is iden-
during the period of manufacture. See tified as a BGI VSCCTM Very Sharp Cut Cy-
§ 53.1(t) of this chapter for the definition of clone particle size separator specified as part
an ISO-registered facility. Minor modifica- of EPA-designated equivalent method
tions or variances to one or more compo- EQPM–0202–142 (67 FR 15567, April 2, 2002) and
nents that clearly would not affect the aero- as manufactured by BGI Incorporated, 58
dynamic performance of the inlet, downtube, Guinan Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
impactor, or filter cassette will be consid- 20451.
ered for specific approval. Any such proposed 7.3.5 Filter holder assembly. The sampler
modifications shall be described and sub- shall have a sample filter holder assembly to
mitted to the EPA for specific individual ac- adapt and seal to the down tube and to hold
ceptability either as part of a reference or and seal the specified filter, under section 6.0
equivalent method application under part 53 of this appendix, in the sample air stream in
of this chapter or in writing in advance of a horizontal position below the downtube
such an intended application under part 53 of such that the sample air passes downward
this chapter. through the filter at a uniform face velocity.
7.3.1 Sample inlet assembly. The sample inlet The upper portion of this assembly shall be
assembly, consisting of the inlet, downtube, fabricated as indicated in Figures L–25 and
and impactor shall be configured and assem- L–26 of this appendix and shall accept and
bled as indicated in Figure L–1 of this appen- seal with the filter cassette, which shall be
dix and shall meet all associated require- fabricated as indicated in Figures L–27
ments. A portion of this assembly shall also through L–29 of this appendix.
be subject to the maximum overall sampler (a) The lower portion of the filter holder
leak rate specification under section 7.4.6 of assembly shall be of a design and construc-
this appendix. tion that:
7.3.2 Inlet. The sample inlet shall be fab- (1) Mates with the upper portion of the as-
ricated as indicated in Figures L–2 through sembly to complete the filter holder assem-
L–18 of this appendix and shall meet all asso- bly,
ciated requirements. (2) Completes both the external air seal
7.3.3 Downtube. The downtube shall be fab- and the internal filter cassette seal such
ricated as indicated in Figure L–19 of this ap- that all seals are reliable over repeated filter
pendix and shall meet all associated require- changings, and
ments. (3) Facilitates repeated changing of the fil-
7.3.4 Particle size separator. The sampler ter cassette by the sampler operator.
shall be configured with either one of the (b) Leak-test performance requirements
two alternative particle size separators de- for the filter holder assembly are included in
scribed in this section 7.3.4. One separator is section 7.4.6 of this appendix.
an impactor-type separator (WINS impactor) (c) If additional or multiple filters are
described in sections 7.3.4.1, 7.3.4.2, and 7.3.4.3 stored in the sampler as part of an auto-
of this appendix. The alternative separator is matic sequential sample capability, all such
84
filters, unless they are currently and di- control system shall allow for operator ad-
rectly installed in a sampling channel or justment of the operational flow rate of the
sampling configuration (either active or in- sampler over a range of at least ±15 percent
active), shall be covered or (preferably) of the flow rate specified in section 7.4.1 of
sealed in such a way as to: this appendix.
(1) Preclude significant exposure of the fil- 7.4.3 Sample flow rate regulation. The sample
ter to possible contamination or accumula- flow rate shall be regulated such that for the
tion of dust, insects, or other material that specified filter, under section 6.0 of this ap-
may be present in the ambient air, sampler, pendix, at any atmospheric conditions speci-
or sampler ventilation air during storage pe- fied, under section 7.4.7 of this appendix, at a
riods either before or after sampling; and filter pressure drop equal to that of a clean
(2) To minimize loss of volatile or semi- filter plus up to 75 cm water column (55 mm
volatile PM sample components during stor- Hg), and over the specified range of supply
age of the filter following the sample period. line voltage, under section 7.4.15.1 of this ap-
7.3.6 Flow rate measurement adapter. A flow pendix, the flow rate is regulated as follows:
rate measurement adapter as specified in 7.4.3.1 The volumetric flow rate, measured
Figure L–30 of this appendix shall be fur- or averaged over intervals of not more than
nished with each sampler. 5 minutes over a 24-hour period, shall not
7.3.7 Surface finish. All internal surfaces ex- vary more than ±5 percent from the specified
posed to sample air prior to the filter shall 16.67 L/min flow rate over the entire sample
be treated electrolytically in a sulfuric acid period.
bath to produce a clear, uniform anodized 7.4.3.2 The coefficient of variation (sample
surface finish of not less than 1000 mg/ft2 standard deviation divided by the mean) of
(1.08 mg/cm2) in accordance with military the flow rate, measured over a 24-hour pe-
standard specification (mil. spec.) 8625F, riod, shall not be greater than 2 percent.
Type II, Class 1 in reference 4 of section 13.0 7.4.3.3 The amplitude of short-term flow
of this appendix. This anodic surface coating rate pulsations, such as may originate from
shall not be dyed or pigmented. Following some types of vacuum pumps, shall be at-
anodization, the surfaces shall be sealed by tenuated such that they do not cause signifi-
immersion in boiling deionized water for not cant flow measurement error or affect the
less than 15 minutes. Section 53.51(d)(2) of collection of particles on the particle collec-
this chapter should also be consulted. tion filter.
7.3.8 Sampling height. The sampler shall be 7.4.4 Flow rate cut off. The sampler’s sample
equipped with legs, a stand, or other means air flow rate control system shall terminate
to maintain the sampler in a stable, upright sample collection and stop all sample flow
position and such that the center of the sam- for the remainder of the sample period in the
ple air entrance to the inlet, during sample event that the sample flow rate deviates by
collection, is maintained in a horizontal more than 10 percent from the sampler de-
plane and is 2.0 ±0.2 meters above the floor or sign flow rate specified in section 7.4.1 of this
other horizontal supporting surface. Suitable appendix for more than 60 seconds. However,
bolt holes, brackets, tie-downs, or other this sampler cut-off provision shall not apply
means should be provided to facilitate me- during periods when the sampler is inoper-
chanically securing the sample to the sup- ative due to a temporary power interruption,
porting surface to prevent toppling of the and the elapsed time of the inoperative pe-
sampler due to wind. riod shall not be included in the total sample
7.4 Performance specifications. time measured and reported by the sampler,
7.4.1 Sample flow rate. Proper operation of under section 7.4.13 of this appendix.
the impactor requires that specific air ve- 7.4.5 Flow rate measurement.
locities be maintained through the device. 7.4.5.1 The sampler shall provide a means
Therefore, the design sample air flow rate to measure and indicate the instantaneous
through the inlet shall be 16.67 L/min (1.000 sample air flow rate, which shall be meas-
m3/hour) measured as actual volumetric flow ured as volumetric flow rate at the tempera-
rate at the temperature and pressure of the ture and pressure of the sample air entering
sample air entering the inlet. the inlet, with an accuracy of ±2 percent.
7.4.2 Sample air flow rate control system. The The measured flow rate shall be available for
sampler shall have a sample air flow rate display to the sampler operator at any time
control system which shall be capable of pro- in either sampling or standby modes, and the
viding a sample air volumetric flow rate measurement shall be updated at least every
within the specified range, under section 30 seconds. The sampler shall also provide a
7.4.1 of this appendix, for the specified filter, simple means by which the sampler operator
under section 6.0 of this appendix, at any at- can manually start the sample flow tempo-
mospheric conditions specified, under sec- rarily during non-sampling modes of oper-
tion 7.4.7 of this appendix, at a filter pressure ation, for the purpose of checking the sample
drop equal to that of a clean filter plus up to flow rate or the flow rate measurement sys-
75 cm water column (55 mm Hg), and over the tem.
specified range of supply line voltage, under 7.4.5.2 During each sample period, the sam-
section 7.4.15.1 of this appendix. This flow pler’s flow rate measurement system shall
85
automatically monitor the sample volu- urement device, and interconnections be-
metric flow rate, obtaining flow rate meas- tween these devices, of at least 55 mm Hg (75
urements at intervals of not greater than 30 cm water column), measured at a location
seconds. downstream of the filter holder assembly.
(a) Using these interval flow rate measure- (3) Plug the flow system downstream of
ments, the sampler shall determine or cal- these components to isolate the components
culate the following flow-related parameters, under vacuum from the pump, such as with a
scaled in the specified engineering units: built-in valve.
(1) The instantaneous or interval-average (4) Stop the pump.
flow rate, in L/min. (5) Measure the trapped vacuum in the
(2) The value of the average sample flow sampler with a built-in pressure measuring
rate for the sample period, in L/min. device.
(3) The value of the coefficient of variation (6) (i) Measure the vacuum in the sampler
(sample standard deviation divided by the with the built-in pressure measuring device
average) of the sample flow rate for the sam- again at a later time at least 10 minutes
ple period, in percent. after the first pressure measurement.
(4) The occurrence of any time interval
(ii) CAUTION: Following completion of the
during the sample period in which the meas-
test, the adaptor valve should be opened
ured sample flow rate exceeds a range of ±5
slowly to limit the flow rate of air into the
percent of the average flow rate for the sam-
sampler. Excessive air flow rate may blow
ple period for more than 5 minutes, in which
oil out of the impactor.
case a warning flag indicator shall be set.
(5) The value of the integrated total sam- (7) Upon completion of the test, open the
ple volume for the sample period, in m3. adaptor valve, remove the adaptor and plugs,
(b) Determination or calculation of these and restore the sampler to the normal oper-
values shall properly exclude periods when ating configuration.
the sampler is inoperative due to temporary (b) The associated leak test procedure
interruption of electrical power, under sec- shall require that for successful passage of
tion 7.4.13 of this appendix, or flow rate cut this test, the difference between the two
off, under section 7.4.4 of this appendix. pressure measurements shall not be greater
(c) These parameters shall be accessible to than the number of mm of Hg specified for
the sampler operator as specified in table L– the sampler by the manufacturer, based on
1 of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. In addi- the actual internal volume of the sampler,
tion, it is strongly encouraged that the flow that indicates a leak of less than 80 mL/min.
rate for each 5-minute interval during the (c) Variations of the suggested technique
sample period be available to the operator or an alternative external leak test tech-
following the end of the sample period. nique may be required for samplers whose
7.4.6 Leak test capability. design or configuration would make the sug-
7.4.6.1 External leakage. The sampler shall gested technique impossible or impractical.
include an external air leak-test capability The specific proposed external leak test pro-
consisting of components, accessory hard- cedure, or particularly an alternative leak
ware, operator interface controls, a written test technique, proposed for a particular can-
procedure in the associated Operation/In- didate sampler may be described and sub-
struction Manual, under section 7.4.18 of this mitted to the EPA for specific individual ac-
appendix, and all other necessary functional ceptability either as part of a reference or
capability to permit and facilitate the sam- equivalent method application under part 53
pler operator to conveniently carry out a of this chapter or in writing in advance of
leak test of the sampler at a field moni- such an intended application under part 53 of
toring site without additional equipment. this chapter.
The sampler components to be subjected to 7.4.6.2 Internal, filter bypass leakage. The
this leak test include all components and sampler shall include an internal, filter by-
their interconnections in which external air pass leak-check capability consisting of
leakage would or could cause an error in the components, accessory hardware, operator
sampler’s measurement of the total volume interface controls, a written procedure in the
of sample air that passes through the sample Operation/Instruction Manual, and all other
filter. necessary functional capability to permit
(a) The suggested technique for the oper- and facilitate the sampler operator to con-
ator to use for this leak test is as follows: veniently carry out a test for internal filter
(1) Remove the sampler inlet and installs bypass leakage in the sampler at a field
the flow rate measurement adapter supplied monitoring site without additional equip-
with the sampler, under section 7.3.6 of this ment. The purpose of the test is to determine
appendix. that any portion of the sample flow rate that
(2) Close the valve on the flow rate meas- leaks past the sample filter without passing
urement adapter and use the sampler air through the filter is insignificant relative to
pump to draw a partial vacuum in the sam- the design flow rate for the sampler.
pler, including (at least) the impactor, filter (a) The suggested technique for the oper-
holder assembly (filter in place), flow meas- ator to use for this leak test is as follows:
86
(1) Carry out an external leak test as pro- 7.4.8 Ambient temperature sensor. The sam-
vided under section 7.4.6.1 of this appendix pler shall have capability to measure the
which indicates successful passage of the temperature of the ambient air surrounding
prescribed external leak test. the sampler over the range of -30 to =45 °C,
(2) Install a flow-impervious membrane with a resolution of 0.1 °C and accuracy of
material in the filter cassette, either with or ±2.0 °C, referenced as described in reference 3
without a filter, as appropriate, which effec- in section 13.0 of this appendix, with and
tively prevents air flow through the filter. without maximum solar insolation.
(3) Use the sampler air pump to draw a par- 7.4.8.1 The ambient temperature sensor
tial vacuum in the sampler, downstream of shall be mounted external to the sampler en-
the filter holder assembly, of at least 55 mm closure and shall have a passive, naturally
Hg (75 cm water column). ventilated sun shield. The sensor shall be lo-
(4) Plug the flow system downstream of the cated such that the entire sun shield is at
filter holder to isolate the components under least 5 cm above the horizontal plane of the
vacuum from the pump, such as with a built- sampler case or enclosure (disregarding the
in valve. inlet and downtube) and external to the
(5) Stop the pump. vertical plane of the nearest side or protu-
(6) Measure the trapped vacuum in the berance of the sampler case or enclosure.
sampler with a built-in pressure measuring The maximum temperature measurement
device. error of the ambient temperature measure-
ment system shall be less than 1.6 °C at 1 m/
(7) Measure the vacuum in the sampler
s wind speed and 1000 W/m2 solar radiation
with the built-in pressure measuring device
intensity.
again at a later time at least 10 minutes
7.4.8.2 The ambient temperature sensor
after the first pressure measurement.
shall be of such a design and mounted in
(8) Remove the flow plug and membrane
such a way as to facilitate its convenient
and restore the sampler to the normal oper- dismounting and immersion in a liquid for
ating configuration. calibration and comparison to the filter tem-
(b) The associated leak test procedure perature sensor, under section 7.4.11 of this
shall require that for successful passage of appendix.
this test, the difference between the two 7.4.8.3 This ambient temperature measure-
pressure measurements shall not be greater ment shall be updated at least every 30 sec-
than the number of mm of Hg specified for onds during both sampling and standby (non-
the sampler by the manufacturer, based on sampling) modes of operation. A visual indi-
the actual internal volume of the portion of cation of the current (most recent) value of
the sampler under vacuum, that indicates a the ambient temperature measurement, up-
leak of less than 80 mL/min. dated at least every 30 seconds, shall be
(c) Variations of the suggested technique available to the sampler operator during
or an alternative internal, filter bypass leak both sampling and standby (non-sampling)
test technique may be required for samplers modes of operation, as specified in table L–1
whose design or configuration would make of section 7.4.19 of this appendix.
the suggested technique impossible or im- 7.4.8.4 This ambient temperature measure-
practical. The specific proposed internal leak ment shall be used for the purpose of moni-
test procedure, or particularly an alternative toring filter temperature deviation from am-
internal leak test technique proposed for a bient temperature, as required by section
particular candidate sampler may be de- 7.4.11 of this appendix, and may be used for
scribed and submitted to the EPA for spe- purposes of effecting filter temperature con-
cific individual acceptability either as part trol, under section 7.4.10 of this appendix, or
of a reference or equivalent method applica- computation of volumetric flow rate, under
tion under part 53 of this chapter or in writ- sections 7.4.1 to 7.4.5 of this appendix, if ap-
ing in advance of such intended application propriate.
under part 53 of this chapter. 7.4.8.5 Following the end of each sample pe-
7.4.7 Range of operational conditions. The riod, the sampler shall report the maximum,
sampler is required to operate properly and minimum, and average temperature for the
meet all requirements specified in this ap- sample period, as specified in table L–1 of
pendix over the following operational ranges. section 7.4.19 of this appendix.
7.4.7.1 Ambient temperature. -30 to =45 °C 7.4.9 Ambient barometric sensor. The sampler
(Note: Although for practical reasons, the shall have capability to measure the baro-
temperature range over which samplers are metric pressure of the air surrounding the
required to be tested under part 53 of this sampler over a range of 600 to 800 mm Hg ref-
chapter is -20 to =40 °C, the sampler shall be erenced as described in reference 3 in section
designed to operate properly over this wider 13.0 of this appendix; also see part 53, subpart
temperature range.). E of this chapter. This barometric pressure

7.4.7.2 Ambient relative humidity. 0 to 100 measurement shall have a resolution of 5
percent. mm Hg and an accuracy of ±10 mm Hg and
7.4.7.3 Barometric pressure range. 600 to 800 shall be updated at least every 30 seconds. A
mm Hg. visual indication of the value of the current
87
(most recent) barometric pressure measure- dividually unless it can be shown, as speci-
ment, updated at least every 30 seconds, fied in the filter temperature measurement
shall be available to the sampler operator test described in § 53.57 of this chapter, that
during both sampling and standby (non-sam- the temperature of each filter can be rep-
pling) modes of operation, as specified in resented by fewer temperature sensors.
table L–1 of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. 7.4.11.4 The sampler shall also provide a
This barometric pressure measurement may warning flag indicator following any occur-
be used for purposes of computation of volu- rence in which the filter temperature (any
metric flow rate, under sections 7.4.1 to 7.4.5 filter temperature for sequential samplers)
of this appendix, if appropriate. Following exceeds the ambient temperature by more
the end of a sample period, the sampler shall than 5 °C for more than 30 consecutive min-
report the maximum, minimum, and mean utes during either the sampling or post-sam-
barometric pressures for the sample period, pling periods of operation, as specified in
as specified in table L–1 of section 7.4.19 of table L–1 of section 7.4.19 of this appendix,
this appendix. under section 10.12 of this appendix, regard-
7.4.10 Filter temperature control (sampling ing sample validity when a warning flag oc-
and post-sampling). The sampler shall provide curs. It is further recommended (not re-
a means to limit the temperature rise of the quired) that the sampler be capable of re-
sample filter (all sample filters for sequen- cording the maximum differential between
tial samplers), from insolation and other the measured filter temperature and the am-
sources, to no more 5 °C above the tempera- bient temperature and its time and date of
ture of the ambient air surrounding the sam- occurrence during both sampling and post-
pler, during both sampling and post-sam- sampling (non-sampling) modes of operation
pling periods of operation. The post-sam- and providing for those data to be accessible
pling period is the non-sampling period be- to the sampler operator following the end of
tween the end of the active sampling period the sample period, as suggested in table L–1
and the time of retrieval of the sample filter of section 7.4.19 of this appendix.
by the sampler operator. 7.4.12 Clock/timer system.
7.4.11 Filter temperature sensor(s). (a) The sampler shall have a programmable
7.4.11.1 The sampler shall have the capa- real-time clock timing/control system that:
bility to monitor the temperature of the (1) Is capable of maintaining local time
sample filter (all sample filters for sequen- and date, including year, month, day-of-
tial samplers) over the range of -30 to =45 °C month, hour, minute, and second to an accu-
during both sampling and non-sampling peri- racy of ±1.0 minute per month.
ods. While the exact location of this tem- (2) Provides a visual indication of the cur-
perature sensor is not explicitly specified, rent system time, including year, month,
the filter temperature measurement system day-of-month, hour, and minute, updated at
must demonstrate agreement, within 1 °C, least each minute, for operator verification.
with a test temperature sensor located with- (3) Provides appropriate operator controls
in 1 cm of the center of the filter down- for setting the correct local time and date.
stream of the filter during both sampling (4) Is capable of starting the sample collec-
and non-sampling modes, as specified in the tion period and sample air flow at a specific,
filter temperature measurement test de- operator-settable time and date, and stop-
scribed in part 53, subpart E of this chapter. ping the sample air flow and terminating the
This filter temperature measurement shall sampler collection period 24 hours (1440 min-
have a resolution of 0.1 °C and accuracy of utes) later, or at a specific, operator-settable
±1.0 °C, referenced as described in reference 3 time and date.
in section 13.0 of this appendix. This tem- (b) These start and stop times shall be
perature sensor shall be of such a design and readily settable by the sampler operator to
mounted in such a way as to facilitate its within ±1.0 minute. The system shall provide
reasonably convenient dismounting and im- a visual indication of the current start and
mersion in a liquid for calibration and com- stop time settings, readable to ±1.0 minute,
parison to the ambient temperature sensor for verification by the operator, and the
under section 7.4.8 of this appendix. start and stop times shall also be available
7.4.11.2 The filter temperature measure- via the data output port, as specified in table
ment shall be updated at least every 30 sec- L–1 of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. Upon
onds during both sampling and standby (non- execution of a programmed sample period
sampling) modes of operation. A visual indi- start, the sampler shall automatically reset
cation of the current (most recent) value of all sample period information and warning
the filter temperature measurement, up- flag indications pertaining to a previous
dated at least every 30 seconds, shall be sample period. Refer also to section 7.4.15.4
available to the sampler operator during of this appendix regarding retention of cur-
both sampling and standby (non-sampling) rent date and time and programmed start
modes of operation, as specified in table L–1 and stop times during a temporary electrical
of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. power interruption.
7.4.11.3 For sequential samplers, the tem- 7.4.13 Sample time determination. The sam-
perature of each filter shall be measured in- pler shall be capable of determining the
88
elapsed sample collection time for each PM2.5 least 7 days without electrical supply power.
sample, accurate to within ±1.0 minute, When electrical power is absent at the oper-
measured as the time between the start of ator-set time for starting a sample period or
the sampling period, under section 7.4.12 of is interrupted during a sample period, the
this appendix and the termination of the sampler shall automatically start or resume
sample period, under section 7.4.12 of this ap- sampling when electrical power is restored,
pendix or section 7.4.4 of this appendix. This if such restoration of power occurs before the
elapsed sample time shall not include peri- operator-set stop time for the sample period.
ods when the sampler is inoperative due to a 7.4.15.5 The sampler shall have the capa-
temporary interruption of electrical power, bility to record and retain a record of the
under section 7.4.15.4 of this appendix. In the year, month, day-of-month, hour, and
event that the elapsed sample time deter- minute of the start of each power interrup-
mined for the sample period is not within the tion of more than 1 minute duration, up to 10
range specified for the required sample pe- such power interruptions per sample period.
riod in section 3.3 of this appendix, the sam- (More than 10 such power interruptions shall
pler shall set a warning flag indicator. The invalidate the sample, except where an ex-
date and time of the start of the sample pe- ceedance is measured, under section 3.3 of
riod, the value of the elapsed sample time for this appendix.) The sampler shall provide for
the sample period, and the flag indicator sta- these power interruption data to be available
tus shall be available to the sampler oper- to the sampler operator following the end of
ator following the end of the sample period, the sample period, as specified in table L–1 of
as specified in table L–1 of section 7.4.19 of section 7.4.19 of this appendix.
this appendix. 7.4.16 Control devices and operator interface.
7.4.14 Outdoor environmental enclosure. The The sampler shall have mechanical, elec-
sampler shall have an outdoor enclosure (or trical, or electronic controls, control de-
enclosures) suitable to protect the filter and vices, electrical or electronic circuits as nec-
other non-weatherproof components of the essary to provide the timing, flow rate meas-
sampler from precipitation, wind, dust, ex- urement and control, temperature control,
tremes of temperature and humidity; to help data storage and computation, operator
maintain temperature control of the filter interface, and other functions specified. Op-
(or filters, for sequential samplers); and to erator-accessible controls, data displays, and
provide reasonable security for sampler com- interface devices shall be designed to be sim-
ponents and settings. ple, straightforward, reliable, and easy to
7.4.15 Electrical power supply. learn, read, and operate under field condi-
7.4.15.1 The sampler shall be operable and tions. The sampler shall have provision for
function as specified herein when operated operator input and storage of up to 64 char-
on an electrical power supply voltage of 105 acters of numeric (or alphanumeric) data for
to 125 volts AC (RMS) at a frequency of 59 to purposes of site, sampler, and sample identi-
61 Hz. Optional operation as specified at ad- fication. This information shall be available
ditional power supply voltages and/or fre- to the sampler operator for verification and
quencies shall not be precluded by this re- change and for output via the data output
quirement. port along with other data following the end
7.4.15.2 The design and construction of the of a sample period, as specified in table L–1
sampler shall comply with all applicable Na- of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. All data re-
tional Electrical Code and Underwriters Lab- quired to be available to the operator fol-
oratories electrical safety requirements. lowing a sample collection period or ob-
7.4.15.3 The design of all electrical and tained during standby mode in a post-sam-
electronic controls shall be such as to pro- pling period shall be retained by the sampler
vide reasonable resistance to interference or until reset, either manually by the operator
malfunction from ordinary or typical levels or automatically by the sampler upon initi-
of stray electromagnetic fields (EMF) as ation of a new sample collection period.
may be found at various monitoring sites 7.4.17 Data output port requirement. The
and from typical levels of electrical tran- sampler shall have a standard RS–232C data
sients or electronic noise as may often or oc- output connection through which digital
casionally be present on various electrical data may be exported to an external data
power lines. storage or transmission device. All informa-
7.4.15.4 In the event of temporary loss of tion which is required to be available at the
electrical supply power to the sampler, the end of each sample period shall be accessible
sampler shall not be required to sample or through this data output connection. The in-
provide other specified functions during such formation that shall be accessible though
loss of power, except that the internal clock/ this output port is summarized in table L–1
timer system shall maintain its local time of section 7.4.19 of this appendix. Since no
and date setting within ±1 minute per week,
specific format for the output data is pro-

and the sampler shall retain all other time vided, the sampler manufacturer or vendor
and programmable settings and all data re- shall make available to sampler purchasers
quired to be available to the sampler oper- appropriate computer software capable of re-
ator following each sample period for at ceiving exported sampler data and correctly
89
translating the data into a standard spread- prescribed for field use of the sampler and all
sheet format and optionally any other for- instruments utilized as part of this reference
mats as may be useful to sampler users. This method. The manual shall include adequate
requirement shall not preclude the sampler warning of potential safety hazards that may
from offering other types of output connec- result from normal use or malfunction of the
tions in addition to the required RS–232C method and a description of necessary safety
port. precautions. The manual shall also include a
7.4.18 Operation/instruction manual. The clear description of all procedures pertaining
sampler shall include an associated com- to installation, operation, periodic and cor-
prehensive operation or instruction manual, rective maintenance, and troubleshooting,
as required by part 53 of this chapter, which and shall include parts identification dia-
includes detailed operating instructions on grams.
the setup, operation, calibration, and main- 7.4.19 Data reporting requirements. The var-
tenance of the sampler. This manual shall ious information that the sampler is re-
provide complete and detailed descriptions of quired to provide and how it is to be provided
the operational and calibration procedures is summarized in the following table L–1.
TABLE L–1 TO APPENDIX L OF PART 50—SUMMARY OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE
SAMPLER
Appen- Availability Format
dix L
Information to be section
provided End of Visual Data Digital
ref- Anytime 1 Units
period 2 display 3 output 4 reading 5
erence
Flow rate, 30-sec- 7.4.5.1 ✓ .................... ✓ * XX.X ................... L/min

ond maximum
interval.
Flow rate, aver- 7.4.5.2 * ✓ * ✓ XX.X ................... L/min
age for the
sample period.
Flow rate, CV, for 7.4.5.2 * ✓ * ✓ XX.X ................... %
sample period.
Flow rate, 5-min. 7.4.5.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓■ On/Off
average out of
spec. (FLAG 6).
Sample volume, 7.4.5.2 * ✓ ✓ ✓ XX.X ................... m3
total.
Temperature, am- 7.4.8 .... ✓ .................... ✓ .................... XX.X ................... °C
bient, 30-sec-
ond interval.
Temperature, am- 7.4.8 .... * ✓ ✓ ✓■ XX.X ................... °C
bient, min.,
max., average
for the sample
period.
Baro. pressure, 7.4.9 .... ✓ .................... ✓ .................... XXX .................... mm Hg
ambient, 30-
second interval.
Baro. pressure, 7.4.9 .... * ✓ ✓ ✓■ XXX .................... mm Hg
ambient, min.,
max., average
for the sample
period.
Filter temperature, 7.4.11 .. ✓ .................... ✓ .................... XX.X ................... °C
30-second inter-
val.
Filter temp. dif- 7.4.11 .. * ✓ ✓ ✓■ On/Off
ferential, 30-
second interval,
out of spec.
(FLAG 6).
Filter temp., max- 7.4.11 .. * * * * X.X, YY/MM/DD °C, Yr/Mon/Day
imum differen- HH.mm. Hrs. min
tial from ambi-
ent, date, time
of occurrence.
Date and Time .... 7.4.12 .. ✓ .................... ✓ .................... YY/MM/DD Yr/Mon/Day Hrs.
HH.mm. min
Sample start and 7.4.12 .. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ YY/MM/DD Yr/Mon/Day Hrs.
stop time set- HH.mm. min
tings.
90
TABLE L–1 TO APPENDIX L OF PART 50—SUMMARY OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE

SAMPLER—Continued
Appen- Availability Format
dix L
Information to be section
provided End of Visual Data Digital
ref- Anytime 1 Units
period 2 display 3 output 4 reading 5
erence
Sample period 7.4.12 .. .................... ✓ ✓ ✓ YY/MM/DD Yr/Mon/Day Hrs.

start time. HH.mm. min
Elapsed sample 7.4.13 .. * ✓ ✓ ✓ HH.mm ............... Hrs. min
time.
Elapsed sample 7.4.13 .. .................... ✓ ✓ ✓■ On/Off
time, out of
spec. (FLAG 6).
Power interrup- 7.4.15.5 * ✓ * ✓ 1HH.mm, Hrs. min
tions ≤1 min., 2HH.mm, etc..
start time of first
10.
User-entered in- 7.4.16 .. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓■ As entered.
formation, such
as sampler and
site identifica-
tion.
✓ Provision of this information is required.
* Provision of this information is optional. If information related to the entire sample period is optionally provided prior to the
end of the sample period, the value provided should be the value calculated for the portion of the sampler period completed up
to the time the information is provided.
■ Indicates that this information is also required to be provided to the Air Quality System (AQS) data bank; see § 58.16 of this
chapter. For ambient temperature and barometric pressure, only the average for the sample period must be reported.
1. Information is required to be available to the operator at any time the sampler is operating, whether sampling or not.
2. Information relates to the entire sampler period and must be provided following the end of the sample period until reset
manually by the operator or automatically by the sampler upon the start of a new sample period.
3. Information shall be available to the operator visually.
4. Information is to be available as digital data at the sampler’s data output port specified in section 7.4.16 of this appendix fol-
lowing the end of the sample period until reset manually by the operator or automatically by the sampler upon the start of a new
sample period.
5. Digital readings, both visual and data output, shall have not less than the number of significant digits and resolution speci-
fied.
6. Flag warnings may be displayed to the operator by a single flag indicator or each flag may be displayed individually. Only a
set (on) flag warning must be indicated; an off (unset) flag may be indicated by the absence of a flag warning. Sampler users
should refer to section 10.12 of this appendix regarding the validity of samples for which the sampler provided an associated flag
warning.
8.0 Filter Weighing. See reference 2 in sec- ity percent of the mean ambient relative hu-
tion 13.0 of this appendix, for additional, midity during sampling, but not less than 20
more detailed guidance. percent.
8.1 Analytical balance. The analytical bal- 8.2.4 Humidity control. ±5 relative humidity
ance used to weigh filters must be suitable percent over 24 hours.
for weighing the type and size of filters spec- 8.2.5 Conditioning time. Not less than 24
ified, under section 6.0 of this appendix, and hours.
have a readability of ±1 μg. The balance shall 8.3 Weighing procedure.
be calibrated as specified by the manufac-
8.3.1 New filters should be placed in the
turer at installation and recalibrated imme-
conditioning environment immediately upon
diately prior to each weighing session. See
reference 2 in section 13.0 of this appendix for arrival and stored there until the pre-sam-
additional guidance. pling weighing. See reference 2 in section 13.0
8.2 Filter conditioning. All sample filters of this appendix for additional guidance.
used shall be conditioned immediately before 8.3.2 The analytical balance shall be lo-
both the pre- and post-sampling weighings as cated in the same controlled environment in
specified below. See reference 2 in section which the filters are conditioned. The filters
13.0 of this appendix for additional guidance. shall be weighed immediately following the
8.2.1 Mean temperature. 20 - 23 °C. conditioning period without intermediate or
8.2.2 Temperature control. ±2 °C over 24 transient exposure to other conditions or en-
hours. vironments.
8.2.3 Mean humidity. Generally, 30–40 per- 8.3.3 Filters must be conditioned at the
same conditions (humidity within ±5 relative
cent relative humidity; however, where it

can be shown that the mean ambient relative humidity percent) before both the pre- and
humidity during sampling is less than 30 per- post-sampling weighings.
cent, conditioning is permissible at a mean 8.3.4 Both the pre- and post-sampling
relative humidity within ±5 relative humid- weighings should be carried out on the same
91
analytical balance, using an effective tech- 9.1.3 The sampler’s flow rate measurement
nique to neutralize static charges on the fil- device shall be re-calibrated after
ter, under reference 2 in section 13.0 of this electromechanical maintenance or transport
appendix. If possible, both weighings should of the sampler.
be carried out by the same analyst. 9.2 Flow rate calibration/verification proce-
8.3.5 The pre-sampling (tare) weighing shall dure.
be within 30 days of the sampling period. 9.2.1 PM2.5 samplers may employ various
8.3.6 The post-sampling conditioning and types of flow control and flow measurement
weighing shall be completed within 240 hours devices. The specific procedure used for cali-
(10 days) after the end of the sample period, bration or verification of the flow rate meas-
unless the filter sample is maintained at urement device will vary depending on the
temperatures below the average ambient type of flow rate controller and flow rate
temperature during sampling (or 4 °C or measurement employed. Calibration shall be
below for average sampling temperatures in terms of actual ambient volumetric flow
less than 4 °C) during the time between re- rates (Qa), measured at the sampler’s inlet
trieval from the sampler and the start of the downtube. The generic procedure given here
conditioning, in which case the period shall serves to illustrate the general steps in-
not exceed 30 days. Reference 2 in section volved in the calibration of a PM2.5 sampler.
13.0 of this appendix has additional guidance The sampler operation/instruction manual
on transport of cooled filters. required under section 7.4.18 of this appendix
8.3.7 Filter blanks. and the Quality Assurance Handbook in ref-
8.3.7.1 New field blank filters shall be erence 2 in section 13.0 of this appendix pro-
weighed along with the pre-sampling (tare) vide more specific and detailed guidance for
weighing of each lot of PM2.5 filters. These calibration.
blank filters shall be transported to the sam- 9.2.2 The flow rate standard used for flow
pling site, installed in the sampler, retrieved rate calibration shall have its own certifi-
from the sampler without sampling, and re- cation and be traceable to a NIST primary
weighed as a quality control check. standard for volume or flow rate. A calibra-
8.3.7.2 New laboratory blank filters shall be tion relationship for the flow rate standard,
weighed along with the pre-sampling (tare) e.g., an equation, curve, or family of curves
weighing of each set of PM2.5 filters. These relating actual flow rate (Qa) to the flow rate
laboratory blank filters should remain in the indicator reading, shall be established that is
laboratory in protective containers during accurate to within 2 percent over the ex-
the field sampling and should be reweighed pected range of ambient temperatures and
as a quality control check. pressures at which the flow rate standard
8.3.8 Additional guidance for proper filter may be used. The flow rate standard must be
weighing and related quality assurance ac- re-calibrated or re-verified at least annually.
tivities is provided in reference 2 in section 9.2.3 The sampler flow rate measurement
13.0 of this appendix. device shall be calibrated or verified by re-
9.0 Calibration. Reference 2 in section 13.0 of moving the sampler inlet and connecting the
this appendix contains additional guidance. flow rate standard to the sampler’s downtube
9.1 General requirements. in accordance with the operation/instruction
9.1.1 Multipoint calibration and single- manual, such that the flow rate standard ac-
point verification of the sampler’s flow rate curately measures the sampler’s flow rate.
measurement device must be performed peri- The sampler operator shall first carry out a
odically to establish and maintain sampler leak check and confirm that the
traceability of subsequent flow measure- sampler passes the leak test and then verify
ments to a flow rate standard. that no leaks exist between the flow rate
9.1.2 An authoritative flow rate standard standard and the sampler.
shall be used for calibrating or verifying the 9.2.4 The calibration relationship between
sampler’s flow rate measurement device with the flow rate (in actual L/min) indicated by
an accuracy of ±2 percent. The flow rate the flow rate standard and by the sampler’s
standard shall be a separate, stand-alone de- flow rate measurement device shall be estab-
vice designed to connect to the flow rate lished or verified in accordance with the
measurement adapter, Figure L–30 of this ap- sampler operation/instruction manual. Tem-
pendix. This flow rate standard must have perature and pressure corrections to the flow
its own certification and be traceable to a rate indicated by the flow rate standard may
National Institute of Standards and Tech- be required for certain types of flow rate
nology (NIST) primary standard for volume standards. Calibration of the sampler’s flow
or flow rate. If adjustments to the sampler’s rate measurement device shall consist of at
flow rate measurement system calibration least three separate flow rate measurements
are to be made in conjunction with an audit (multipoint calibration) evenly spaced with-
of the sampler’s flow measurement system, in the range of -10 percent to =10 percent of
such adjustments shall be made following the sampler’s operational flow rate, section
the audit. Reference 2 in section 13.0 of this 7.4.1 of this appendix. Verification of the
appendix contains additional guidance. sampler’s flow rate shall consist of one flow
92
rate measurement at the sampler’s oper- with the requirements specified in section 8.2
ational flow rate. The sampler operation/in- of this appendix.
struction manual and reference 2 in section 10.4 Following conditioning, each filter
13.0 of this appendix provide additional guid- shall be weighed in accordance with the re-
ance. quirements specified in section 8.0 of this ap-
9.2.5 If during a flow rate verification the pendix and the presampling weight recorded
reading of the sampler’s flow rate indicator with the filter identification number.
or measurement device differs by ±4 percent 10.5 A numbered and preweighed filter shall
or more from the flow rate measured by the be installed in the sampler following the in-
flow rate standard, a new multipoint calibra- structions provided in the sampler operation
tion shall be performed and the flow rate or instruction manual.
verification must then be repeated. 10.6 The sampler shall be checked and pre-
9.2.6 Following the calibration or pared for sample collection in accordance
verification, the flow rate standard shall be with instructions provided in the sampler op-
removed from the sampler and the sampler eration or instruction manual and with the
inlet shall be reinstalled. Then the sampler’s specific quality assurance program estab-
normal operating flow rate (in L/min) shall lished for the sampler by the user.
be determined with a clean filter in place. If 10.7 The sampler’s timer shall be set to
the flow rate indicated by the sampler differs
start the sample collection at the beginning
by ±2 percent or more from the required sam-
of the desired sample period and stop the
pler flow rate, the sampler flow rate must be
sample collection 24 hours later.
adjusted to the required flow rate, under sec-
10.8 Information related to the sample col-
tion 7.4.1 of this appendix.
lection (site location or identification num-
9.3 Periodic calibration or verification of
the calibration of the sampler’s ambient ber, sample date, filter identification num-
temperature, filter temperature, and baro- ber, and sampler model and serial number)
metric pressure measurement systems is also shall be recorded and, if appropriate, entered
required. Reference 3 of section 13.0 of this into the sampler.
appendix contains additional guidance. 10.9 The sampler shall be allowed to collect
10.0 PM2.5 Measurement Procedure. The de- the PM2.5 sample during the set 24-hour time
tailed procedure for obtaining valid PM2.5 period.
measurements with each specific sampler 10.10 Within 177 hours (7 days, 9 hours) of
designated as part of a reference method for the end of the sample collection period, the
PM2.5 under part 53 of this chapter shall be filter, while still contained in the filter cas-
provided in the sampler-specific operation or sette, shall be carefully removed from the
instruction manual required by section 7.4.18 sampler, following the procedure provided in
of this appendix. Supplemental guidance is the sampler operation or instruction manual
provided in section 2.12 of the Quality Assur- and the quality assurance program, and
ance Handbook listed in reference 2 in sec- placed in a protective container. The protec-
tion 13.0 of this appendix. The generic proce- tive container shall contain no loose mate-
dure given here serves to illustrate the gen- rial that could be transferred to the filter.
eral steps involved in the PM2.5 sample col- The protective container shall hold the filter
lection and measurement, using a PM2.5 ref- cassette securely such that the cover shall
erence method sampler. not come in contact with the filter’s sur-
10.1 The sampler shall be set up, calibrated, faces. Reference 2 in section 13.0 of this ap-
and operated in accordance with the specific, pendix contains additional information.
detailed guidance provided in the specific 10.11 The total sample volume in actual m3
sampler’s operation or instruction manual for the sampling period and the elapsed sam-
and in accordance with a specific quality as- ple time shall be obtained from the sampler
surance program developed and established and recorded in accordance with the instruc-
by the user, based on applicable supple- tions provided in the sampler operation or
mentary guidance provided in reference 2 in instruction manual. All sampler warning
section 13.0 of this appendix. flag indications and other information re-
10.2 Each new sample filter shall be in- quired by the local quality assurance pro-
spected for correct type and size and for pin- gram shall also be recorded.
holes, particles, and other imperfections. Un- 10.12 All factors related to the validity or
acceptable filters should be discarded. A representativeness of the sample, such as
unique identification number shall be as- sampler tampering or malfunctions, unusual
signed to each filter, and an information meteorological conditions, construction ac-
record shall be established for each filter. If tivity, fires or dust storms, etc. shall be re-
the filter identification number is not or corded as required by the local quality assur-
cannot be marked directly on the filter, al- ance program. The occurrence of a flag warn-
ternative means, such as a number-identified ing during a sample period shall not nec-
storage container, must be established to essarily indicate an invalid sample but rath-
maintain positive filter identification. er shall indicate the need for specific review
10.3 Each filter shall be conditioned in the of the QC data by a quality assurance officer
conditioning environment in accordance to determine sample validity.
93
10.13 After retrieval from the sampler, the PM2.5 = (Wf ¥ Wi)/Va
exposed filter containing the PM2.5 sample where:
should be transported to the filter condi-
tioning environment as soon as possible, PM2.5 = mass concentration of PM2.5, μg/m3;
ideally to arrive at the conditioning environ- Wf, Wi = final and initial weights, respec-
ment within 24 hours for conditioning and tively, of the filter used to collect the
subsequent weighing. During the period be- PM2.5 particle sample, μg;
tween filter retrieval from the sampler and Va = total air volume sampled in actual vol-
the start of the conditioning, the filter shall ume units, as provided by the sampler, m3.
be maintained as cool as practical and con- NOTE: Total sample time must be between
tinuously protected from exposure to tem- 1,380 and 1,500 minutes (23 and 25 hrs) for a
peratures over 25 °C to protect the integrity
fully valid PM2.5 sample; however, see also
of the sample and minimize loss of volatile
section 3.3 of this appendix.
components during transport and storage.
See section 8.3.6 of this appendix regarding 13.0 References.
time limits for completing the post-sampling 1. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pol-
weighing. See reference 2 in section 13.0 of lution Measurement Systems, Volume I,
this appendix for additional guidance on Principles. EPA/600/R–94/038a, April 1994.
transporting filter samplers to the condi- Available from CERI, ORD Publications,
tioning and weighing laboratory. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26
10.14. The exposed filter containing the West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati,
PM2.5 sample shall be re-conditioned in the Ohio 45268.
conditioning environment in accordance 2. Quality Assurance Guidance Document
with the requirements specified in section 8.2 2.12. Monitoring PM2.5 in Ambient Air Using
of this appendix. Designated Reference or Class I Equivalent
10.15. The filter shall be reweighed imme- Methods. U.S. EPA, National Exposure Re-
diately after conditioning in accordance search Laboratory. Research Triangle Park,
with the requirements specified in section 8.0 NC, November 1988 or later edition. Cur-
of this appendix, and the postsampling rently available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/
weight shall be recorded with the filter iden- amtic/pmqainf.html.
tification number.
3. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pol-
10.16 The PM2.5 concentration shall be cal-
culated as specified in section 12.0 of this ap- lution Measurement Systems, Volume IV:
pendix. Meteorological Measurements, (Revised Edi-
11.0 Sampler Maintenance. The sampler tion) EPA/600/R–94/038d, March, 1995. Avail-
shall be maintained as described by the sam- able from CERI, ORD Publications, U.S. En-
pler’s manufacturer in the sampler-specific vironmental Protection Agency, 26 West
operation or instruction manual required Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio
under section 7.4.18 of this appendix and in 45268.
accordance with the specific quality assur- 4. Military standard specification (mil.
ance program developed and established by spec.) 8625F, Type II, Class 1 as listed in De-
the user based on applicable supplementary partment of Defense Index of Specifications
guidance provided in reference 2 in section and Standards (DODISS), available from
13.0 of this appendix. DODSSP-Customer Service, Standardization
12.0 Calculations Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue,
12.1 (a) The PM2.5 concentration is cal- Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 1911–5094.
culated as: 14.0 Figures L–1 through L–30 to Appendix L.
94
95
ER18JY97.022</GPH>
96
ER18JY97.023</GPH>
97
ER18JY97.024</GPH>
98
ER18JY97.025</GPH>
99
ER17FE98.004</GPH>
100
ER18JY97.027</GPH>
101
ER18JY97.028</GPH>
102
ER18JY97.029</GPH>
103
ER18JY97.030</GPH>
104
ER18JY97.031</GPH>
105
ER18JY97.032</GPH>
106
ER17FE98.005</GPH>
107
ER18JY97.034</GPH>
108
ER18JY97.035</GPH>
109
ER18JY97.036</GPH>
110
ER18JY97.037</GPH>
111
ER18JY97.038</GPH>
112
ER18JY97.039</GPH>
113
ER18JY97.040</GPH>
114
ER18JY97.041</GPH>
115
ER18JY97.042</GPH>
116
ER18JY97.043</GPH>
117
ER18JY97.044</GPH>
118
ER18JY97.045</GPH>
119
ER18JY97.046</GPH>
120
ER17FE98.006</GPH>
121
ER18JY97.048</GPH>
122
ER18JY97.049</GPH>
123
ER18JY97.050</GPH>
[62 FR 38714, July 18, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 19719, Apr. 22, 1999; 71 FR 61226, Oct. 17, 2006]
124
ER18JY97.051</GPH>

CFR 2011 Title40 Vol2 Part50 Appl

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CFR 2011 Title40 Vol2 Part50 Appl

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Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 50, App.

filter weights of a random sample of test fil- parameters.

temperature range.). E of this chapter. This barometric pressure

specific format for the output data is pro-

Flow rate, 30-sec- 7.4.5.1 ✓ .................... ✓ * XX.X ................... L/min

TABLE L–1 TO APPENDIX L OF PART 50—SUMMARY OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE

Sample period 7.4.12 .. .................... ✓ ✓ ✓ YY/MM/DD Yr/Mon/Day Hrs.

cent relative humidity; however, where it

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