A Photographic Guide to

Macro-moths of the Algarve

BERT VAN DER AUWERMEULEN

Front cover: Aspitates ochrearia; Moth trap (left); Xylocampa areola (middle); Cyclophora puppillaria (right)
© A Rocha

Contributors: Esther Pawley

Paula Banza

Martin Corley

All photographers listed in Photo credits are gratefully acknowledged.

Editor: Bert Van der Auwermeulen

A photographic guide to Macro-moths of the Algarve

Copyright © 2012 by A Rocha Associação Cristã de Estudos e Defesa do Ambiente. This publication may be
printed without permission of the authors, all copies distributed must be provided free of charge.

A Rocha was founded in 1983 to put into practice the biblical call to care for all creation. A field study centre
and bird observatory was established in south-west Portugal in 1986. Similar projects now exist in other
countries, coordinated by A Rocha International. For more information visit: www.arocha.org

A Rocha Portugal: Marcial Felgueiras

Paula Banza

Isabel Soares

Guillaume Réthoré

Cruzinha, Apt. 41, 8501-903 Mexilhoeira Grande, Portugal.

Tel: + 351 282 968380. Email: [email protected]

International Office. office: A Rocha Trust, 3 Hooper Street, Cambridge. CB1 2NZ.

Tel +44 (0) 1387 710286. Email: [email protected]

Please contact Cruzinha for details of how to receive further copies of this guide and other A Rocha
publications.

This publication should be referenced as:

Macro-moths of the Algarve – a photographic guide. Associação A Rocha, Portimão, Portugal, (2012).
 3

Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4
Cossidae ....................................................................................................................... 6
Sesiidae ........................................................................................................................ 6
Heterogynidae ............................................................................................................... 7
Limacodidae.................................................................................................................. 7
Zygaenidae ................................................................................................................... 7
Drepanidae ................................................................................................................... 8
Lasiocampidae .............................................................................................................. 8
Saturniidae .................................................................................................................... 9
Sphingidae .................................................................................................................... 9
Geometridae ............................................................................................................... 10
Notodontidae............................................................................................................... 17
Erebidae ..................................................................................................................... 18
Nolidae ........................................................................................................................ 21
Euteliidae .................................................................................................................... 22
Noctuidae .................................................................................................................... 22
INDEX ......................................................................................................................... 31

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Introduction
This photographic guide aims to illustrate 501 macro–moth species currently occurring in the Algarve,
Portugal (Corley, unpublished), in order to make moth identification more accessible. This work intends to
function as a basis for further studies, thereby contributing to greater knowledge of Portuguese Lepidoptera.

Moth Photographs

This first edition features 520 photographs of 492 macro-moth species belonging to the Cossidae, Sesiidae,
Heterogynidae, Limacodidae, Zygaenidae, Drepanidae, Lasiocampidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae,
Geometridae, Notodontidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae families. The taxonomical order
of this guide follows the online Fauna Europaea.

The majority of species are pictured at rest on a natural background. An additional photograph sometimes
illustrates a major variation in colour or pattern within a species, or the difference between sexes. When no
satisfactory images of this kind were available, individuals were photographed on an artificial background or
taken from collection specimens.

How to use this guide?

This guide is not intended as a complete guide to the identification of moth species. The photographs are not
to scale, and details regarding size, distinct features, ecology or distribution is missing. However, it aims to
include this information in the future. The following websites offer additional information about Lepidoptera.

- www.lepidoptera.pl (European Lepidoptera)

- www.ukmoths.org.uk (British moths)
- www.leps.it (Macro-Lepidoptera of Europe and North Africa)
- www.lepiforum.de (European Lepidoptera forum)
- www.lepinet.fr (Lepidoptera of France)
- http://pathpiva.wifeo.com (Lepidoptera of Southern France and Corsica)
- www.lusoborbuletas.org (Macro-Lepidoptera of Portugal, last update 2008)
- www.faunaeur.org (Taxonomic list of European fauna)

Many genera (e.g. Idaea, Eupithecia, Eilema, Caradrina...) cannot be identified to species level without the
use of specialised literature. To date there is no comprehensive guide to the macro moths of Portugal or the
Iberian Peninsula; however, the following books offer a good (if expensive) alternative:

- Leraut, P.: Moths of Europe (Volume 1, 2, 3 – more volumes to be published)

- Geometrid moths of Europe (Several authors, Volume 1,2, 4 – more volumes to be published)
- Redondo, V.M. et al.: Geometridae Ibericae
- Lastuvka Z. & A. Lastuvka: Sesiidae of Europe
- Noctuidae Europaeae (Several authors, 12 volumes)
- Naumann C.M. et al.: Western Palearctic Zygaenidae

Field guides to macro-moths which have a considerable overlap with the Portuguese fauna include:

- Robineau, R. et al.: Guide des papillons nocturnes de France

- Manley, C.: British moths and butterflies

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Observing moths
It takes relatively little effort to detect a good number of moths in your own backyard. The easiest way to do so
is by searching for day-active moths during daylight hours, or by using a torch in the evening and catching
flying individuals with a net. These and other techniques are fully described on www.butterfly-conservation.org
(see: discover more about moths), or in the literature referred to earlier.

Using a light trap is by far the most efficient technique to observe a large number of moths at once. The trap
can be lit throughout the night and then moths can be identified in the early morning. The trapping success
depends on the weather, the location, the trap type, the influence of the moon and artificial light sources, etc...
In the Algarve, trapping can take place all year round, with the highest number of moths caught in the spring
and autumn months.

If you are interested to making a moth trap, www.atropos.info (garden moths) offers a good outline plan to
build your own Skinner trap. To illuminate it, you need a 125W mercury vapour light bulb and the
accompanying light ballast. Both can be bought in a local electric store or purchased online.

By entering your moth records on websites such as www.biodiversity4all.org we can gain better insight into
the flight patterns, habitat preferences and range of moths in the Algarve. This website is linked to Observado
which records worldwide nature observations.

Acknowledgements
This work has been coordinated by A Rocha Portugal and it would not have been produced without the
enthusiasm of Paula Banza, and the hard work of many volunteers who assisted in the A Rocha study centre.
I’m very thankful for the kind contributions from all photographers listed in the Photo credits. Photographers
are credited using their initials underneath each photograph.

Grateful thanks to Martin Corley for his valuable data and for checking over the images for any identification
errors. I am also indebted to Esther Pawley for editing the text, this has been very much appreciated.

It is my hope that this guide can be as complete as possible, therefore I urge anyone who is willing to offer
additional information or photographs to please contact A Rocha Portugal. ([email protected])

Bert Van der Auwermeulen

Photo credits ©
AR: A Rocha Portugal MiR: Mick Richardson
AI: Andres Ivorra (www.almerinatura.com) MoR Monika Reinhardt
AS: Albano Soares MM: Marek Miłkowski
DM: Daniel Morel NM: Nick Montegriffo
DW: Dave Wilton Pa: Pathpiva (http://pathpiva.wifeo.com)
EM: Eduardo Marabuto (www.lusoborboletas.org) PP: Pedro Pires (www.lusoborboletas.org)
FP: Franz Pühringer (www.sesiidae.net/sesiidae.htm) RP: Raniero Panfili
FR: Fernando Romão RW: Robert Woods
IM: Isidro Martínez TF: Teresa Farino
JW: Jaroslaw Wenta VJ: Valter Jacinto
LF: Luke Faluke YML: Yeray Monasterio León (Asociación Zerynthia)
MD: Mike Dale WS: Walter Schön
MG: Matthew Gandy (www.lepidopteragallery.org) WW: Wolfgang Wagner (www.pyrgus.de)

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Cossidae

Cossus cossus ©PP Dyspessa ulula ©VJ Zeuzera pyrina ©PP

Sesiidae

Tinthia tineiformis ©AR Paranthrene tabaniformis ©EM Synanthedon stomoxiformis ©MM Synanthedon codeti ©DM

Synanthedon theryi ©DM Synanthedon myopaeformis ©MG Bembecia ichneumoniformis ©VJ Bembecia iberica ©NM

Bembecia sirphiformis ©DM Pyropteron chrysidiformis ©AR Pyropteron koschwitzi ©FP Pyropteron muscaeformis ©JW

Pyropteron hispanica ©VJ Pyropteron leucomelaena ©EM Pyropteron doryliformis ©AR Chamaesphecia mysiniformis ©DM

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Chamaesphecia maurusia ©FP Chamaesphecia aerifrons ©VJ

Heterogynidae Limacodidae

Heterogynis penella ©EM Hoyosia codeti ©DM

Zygaenidae

Zygaena sarpedon ©MG Zygaena hilaris ©Pa Zygaena fausta ©EM Zygaena occitanica ©WW

Zygaena rhadamanthus ©EM Zygaena lavandulae ©Pa Zygaena trifolii ©PP Aglaope infausta ©MG

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Drepanidae

Watsonalla uncinula ©Pa Cilix hispanica ©MG Cilix algirica ©AR Thyatira batis ©WW

Tethea ocularis ©MG

Lasiocampidae

Malacosoma neustria ©WW Lasiocampa trifolii ©MG Macrothylacia digramma ©PP Trichiura ilicis ©EM

Streblote panda ♀ ©MoR Streblote panda ♂ ©WS Psilogaster loti ♂ ©YML Psilogaster loti ♀ ©VJ

Phyllodesma kermesifolia ©YML Phyllodesma suberifolia ©PP Phyllodesma suberifolia ©Pa

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Saturniidae

Saturnia pyri ©PP

Sphingidae

Marumba quercus ©PP Mimas tiliae ©PP Smerinthus ocellata ©PP Laothoe populi ©EM

Agrius convolvuli ©DW Acherontia atropos ©AR Hemaris fuciformis ©MG Macroglossum stellatarum ©Pa

Proserpinus proserpina ©PP Hyles livornica ©AR Hippotion celerio ©AR

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Geometridae

Myinodes interpunctaria ©TF Abraxas pantaria ©PP Aspitates ochrearia ©AR Dyscia penulataria ©AR

Dyscia distinctaria ©VJ Aleucis distinctata ©EM Lycia hirtaria ©PP Chemerina caliginearia ©Pa

Nychiodes andalusiaria ©EM Menophra abruptaria ©FR Menophra japygiaria ©PP Menophra nycthemeraria ©PP

Afriberina tenietaria ©AR Calamodes occitanaria ©VJ Peribatodes rhomboidaria ©PP Peribatodes umbraria

Peribatodes ilicaria ©EM Selidosema pyrenaearia Selidosema taeniolaria ©DM Hypomecis punctinalis ©AR

Ekboarmia atlanticaria ©AR Adactylotis gesticularia ©FR Tephronia sepiaria ©DW Tephronia codetaria ©DM

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Cabera pusaria ©MG Cabera exanthemata ©MG Stegania trimaculata ©AR Stegania trimaculata ©AR

Gerinia honoraria ©PP Ennomos alniaria ©EM Ennomos fuscantaria ©Pa Ennomos quercaria ©DM

Selenia lunularia ©PP Opisthograptis luteolata ©PP Pseudopanthera macularia ©PP Toulgoetia cauteriata ©EM

Gnophos perspersata ©AR Charissa obscurata ©WW Charissa mucidaria ©PP Crocallis tusciaria ©PP

Crocallis dardoinaria ©EM Crocallis auberti ©VJ Pachycnemia hippocastanaria ©PP Pachycnemia tibiaria ©DM

Petrophora chlorosata ©AR Petrophora convergata ©VJ Petrophora narbonea ©MG Chiasmia clathrata ©Pa

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Chiasmia aestimaria ©DM Isturgia famula ©EM Isturgia miniosaria ©EM Isturgia miniosaria ©EM

Isturgia pulinda ©AR Acanthovalva inconspicuaria ©EM Itame vincularia ©AR Gnopharmia stevenaria ©AR

Rhoptria asperaria ©AR Onychora agaritharia ©EM Compsoptera opacaria ©PP Hemistola chrysoprasaria ©Pa

Xenochlorodes olympiaria ©Pa Phaiogramma etruscaria ©EM Phaiogramma faustinata ©EM Microloxia herbaria ©PP

Aplasta ononaria ©AR Pseudoterpna coronillaria ©PP Bustilloxia saturata ©FR Amygdaloptera testaria ©EM

Aplocera efformata ©PP Chesias legatella ©MG Chesias rufata ©AR Chesias isabella ©VJ

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Nebula ibericata ©MG Chloroclysta siterata ©EM Thera cupressata ©EM Colostygia multistrigaria ©EM

Epirrhoe sandosaria Eupithecia pulchellata ©PP Eupithecia laquaearia ©EM Eupithecia liguriata ©DM

Eupithecia irriguata ©AR Eupithecia extremata ©Pa Eupithecia venosata ©AR Eupithecia centaureata ©MG

Eupithecia gratiosata ©EM Eupithecia breviculata ©PP Eupithecia innotata ©MG Eupithecia dodoneata ©AR

Eupithecia cocciferata ©Pa Eupithecia massiliata ©Pa Eupithecia phoeniceata ©Pa Eupithecia scopariata ©PP

Eupithecia oxycedrata ©EM Eupithecia ultimaria ©EM Gymnoscelis rufifasciata ©VJ Lythria sanguinaria ©VJ

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Larentia malvata ©AR Larentia malvata ©VJ Horisme scorteata ©MD Hospitalia flavolineata ©VJ

Acasis viretata ©Pa Scotopteryx peribolata ©PP Nycterosea obstipata ♂ ©AR Nycterosea obstipata ♀ ©AR

Xanthorhoe ferrugata ©PP Xanthorhoe fluctuata ©PP Catarhoe basochesiata ©EM Costaconvexa polygrammata ©AR

Camptogramma bilineata ©AR Cyclophora puppillaria ©AR Cyclophora puppillaria ©AR Cyclophora hyponoea ©AR

Idaea litigiosaria ©Pa Idaea sardoniata ©VJ Idaea lusohispanica ©MG Idaea mediaria ©MG

Idaea consanguiberica ©IM Idaea antiquaria ©IM Idaea ochrata ©EM Idaea mustelata ©MG

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Idaea efflorata ©DM Idaea alyssumata ©MG Idaea circuitaria ©PP Idaea incisaria ©DW

Idaea calunetaria ©AR Idaea belemiata ©PP Idaea belemiata ©PP Idaea elongaria ©MG

Idaea obsoletaria ©Pa Idaea biselata ©Pa Idaea inquinata ©MG Idaea blaesii ©AR

Idaea fuscovenosa ©MG Idaea lutulentaria ©EM Idaea bigladiata ©AI Idaea longaria ©EM

Idaea joannisiata ©LF Idaea minuscularia ©AR Idaea carvalhoi ©MG Idaea subsaturata ©Pa

Idaea dimidiata ©MG Idaea fractilineata ©MG Idaea subsericeata ©PP Idaea cervantaria ©VJ

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Idaea infirmaria ©VJ Idaea infirmaria ©MG Idaea eugeniata ©AR Idaea eugeniata ©AR

Idaea predotaria ©DM Idaea exilaria ©DM Idaea ostrinaria ©MG Idaea aversata ©PP

Idaea degeneraria ©AR Idaea straminata ©MG Cleta ramosaria ♂ ©AR Cleta ramosaria ♀ ©EM

Brachyglossina hispanaria ©AR Rhodostrophia calabra ©EM Rhodometra sacraria ©EM Rhodometra sacraria ©MG

Scopula ornata ©WW Scopula submutata ©PP Scopula decorata ©EM Scopula rubiginata ©Pa

Scopula turbidaria ©VJ Scopula decolor Scopula marginepunctata ©AR Scopula imitaria ©PP

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Scopula emutaria ©PP Scopula minorata ©AR Scopula rufomixtaria ©MG Scopula asellaria ©EM

Timandra comae ©PP

Notodontidae

Thaumetopoea pityocampa ©PP Thaumetopoea herculeana ©FR Notodonta ziczac ©PP Drymonia querna ©PP

Pterostoma palpina ©EM Cerura iberica ©PP Furcula bifida ©PP Phalera bucephala ©PP

Peridea anceps ©PP Harpyia milhauseri ©FR

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Erebidae

Lymantria dispar ♂ ©PP Lymantria dispar ♀ ©WW Ocneria atlantica ©AR Ocneria rubea ©PP

Orgyia antiqua ♂ ©PP Orgyia trigotephras ©Pa Euproctis chrysorrhoea ©MG Euproctis similis ©DM

Paidia rica ©PP Apaidia mesogona ©EM Miltochrista miniata ©EM Lithosia quadra ©PP

Lithosia quadra ©AR Eilema caniola ©PP Eilema marcida ©AR Eilema predotae ©AR

Eilema uniola ©PP Eilema rungsi Eilema bipuncta Phragmatobia fuliginosa ©AR

Cymbalophora pudica ©PP Spilosoma lutea ©PP Diaphora mendica ♂ ©MG Diaphora mendica ♀ ©AR

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Arctia villica ©PP Euplagia quadripunctaria ©AS Tyria jacobaeae ©Pa Coscinia cribraria ©AR

Utetheisa pulchella ©AR Nodaria nodosalis ©NM Pechipogo plumigeralis ©DW Hypena obsitalis ©AS

Hypena lividalis ©Pa Zebeeba falsalis ©MG Scoliopteryx libatrix ©PP Schrankia costaestrigalis ©AR

Parascotia nisseni ©PP Odice pergrata ©PP Odice pergrata ©VJ Odice jucunda ©EM

Eublemma cochylioides
Eublemma ostrina

Eublemma candidana ©Pa Eublemma cochylioides ©NM Eublemma ostrina ©AR Eublemma ostrina ©NM

Eublemma parva ©PP Eublemma pura ©NM Eublemma polygramma ©Pa Eublemma scitula ©EM

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Rhypagla lacernaria ©Pa Metachrostis velox ©EM Phytometra viridaria ©FR Lygephila craccae ©AR

Tathorhynchus exsiccata ©AR Drasteria cailino ©PP Euclidia glyphica ©EM Catephia alchymista ©EM

Zethes insularis ©EM Pandesma robusta ©EM Cerocala scapulosa ©EM Ophiusa tirhaca ©Pa

Minucia lunaris ©EM Clytie illunaris ©AR Grammodes bifasciata ©EM Dysgonia algira ©Pa

Dysgonia torrida ©VJ Catocala dilecta ©AR Catocala dilecta ©Pa Catocala elocata ©AR

Catocala optata ©EM Catocala promissa ©MG Catocala coniuncta ©PP Catocala conversa ©PP

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Catocala nymphagoga ©MG Catocala nymphaea ©EM Catocala mariana ©AR

Nolidae

Meganola togatulalis ©PP Meganola strigula ©PP Meganola albula ©PP Nola tutulella ©NM

Nola cicatricalis ©Pa Nola squalida ©AR Nola squalida ©NM Nola subchlamydula ©Pa

Nola chlamitulalis ©PP Bena bicolorana ©PP Pseudoips prasinana ©EM Nycteola columbana ©NM

Nycteola siculana ©Pa Earias insulana ©MG

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Euteliidae

Eutelia adulatrix ©DW

Noctuidae

Abrostola triplasia ©AR Trichoplusia ni ©MG Thysanoplusia orichalcea ©EM Thysanoplusia daubei ©DM

Ctenoplusia accentifera ©AR Ctenoplusia limbirena ©MD Chrysodeixis chalcites ©EM Diachrysia chrysitis ©MG

Autographa gamma ©PP Pseudozarba bipartita ©NM Acontia lucida ©VJ Acontia trabealis ©AR

Aedia leucomelas ©MG Colocasia coryli ©MG Raphia hybris ©PP Acronicta psi ©EM

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Acronicta aceris ©MG Acronicta leporina ©PP Acronicta auricoma ©Pa Acronicta euphorbiae ©PP

Acronicta rumicis ©AR Craniophora pontica ©Pa Aegle vespertinalis ©IM Synthimia fixa ©AR

Tyta luctuosa ©MG Cucullia calendulae ©DM Cucullia chamomillae ©MG Cucullia caninae ©DM

Cucullia scrophulariphila ©EM Cucullia verbasci ©AR Amphipyra effusa ©Pa Bryonycta pineti ©PP

Allophyes alfaroi ©MG Calophasia platyptera ©WS Omphalophana serrata ©AR Lophoterges millierei ©EM

Cleonymia baetica ©EM Cleonymia diffluens ©EM Cleonymia yvanii ©Pa Amephana aurita ©Pa

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Recoropha canteneri ©VJ Metopoceras felicina ©Pa Xylocampa areola ©AR Stilbia andalusiaca ©MiR

Condica viscosa ©NM Heliothis peltigera ©AR Heliothis nubigera ©AR Heliothis incarnata ©EM

Helicoverpa armigera ©PP Callopistria juventina ©EM Callopistria latreillei ©EM Cryphia pallida ©Pa

Cryphia algae ©MG Cryphia algae ©DW Bryophila ravula ©Pa Bryophila vandalusiae ©DM

Bryophila petrea ©AR Bryophila microglossa ©MD Nyctobrya muralis ©EM Spodoptera exigua ©AR

Spodoptera cilium ©EM Spodoptera littoralis ©EM Caradrina aspersa ©EM Caradrina proxima ©EM

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Caradrina germainii ©AR Caradrina clavipalpis ©MG Caradrina noctivaga ©Pa Caradrina flavirena ©FR

Hoplodrina hesperica ©Pa Hoplodrina ambigua ©PP Chilodes maritima ©PP Athetis hospes ©DM

Mormo maura ©PP Polyphaenis sericata ©FR Thalpophila vitalba ©FR Chloantha hyperici ©EM

Phlogophora meticulosa ©PP Pseudenargia ulicis ©AR Gortyna xanthenes ©DM Gortyna puengeleri

Gortyna borelii ©DM Luperina testacea ©MG Luperina nickerlii ©EM Luperina dumerilii ©VJ

Rhizedra lutosa ©WW Nonagria typhae ©EM Coenobia rufa ©PP Oria musculosa ©VS

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Unchelea myodea Denticucullus mabillei ©AR Apamea arabs ©EM Mesapamea secalis ©AR

Mesoligia furuncula ©PP Sesamia nonagrioides ©DW Episema grueneri ©EM Leucochlaena oditis ©VJ

Eremopola orana ©AR Agrochola lychnidis ©EM Agrochola helvola ©PP Agrochola blidaensis ©PP

Agrochola haematidea ©PP Omphaloscelis lunosa ©AR Conistra staudingeri ©PP Spudaea ruticilla ©AR

Spudaea ruticilla ©EM Lithophane semibrunnea ©Pa Lithophane leautieri ©DM Xylena exsoleta ©Pa

Atethmia algirica ©AR Dryobota labecula ©VJ Dryobotodes monochroma ©Pa Dryobotodes roboris ©VJ

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Dryobotodes tenebrosa ©VJ Ammopolia witzenmanni ©EM Trigonophora flammea ©EM Aporophyla chioleuca ©EM

Aporophyla lueneburgensis ©EM Aporophyla nigra ©VJ Polymixis xanthomista ©PP Polymixis argillaceago ©EM

Polymixis lichenea ©PP Polymixis dubia ©PP Mniotype occidentalis ©VJ Orthosia incerta ©Pa

Orthosia gothica ©EM Orthosia cruda ©Pa Orthosia cerasi ©PP Anarta trifolii ©VJ

Anarta pugnax ©Pa Anarta sodae ©EM Anarta myrtilli ©PP Cardepia sociabilis ©Pa

Lacanobia oleracea ©Pa Mamestra brassicae ©WW Conisania andalusica ©EM Hecatera dysodea ©Pa

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Hecatera weissi ©MG Hadena bicruris ©Pa Hadena magnolii ©EM Hadena confusa ©AR

Hadena albimacula ©Pa Hadena perplexa ©EM Hadena sancta ©EM Mythimna vitellina ©AR

Mythimna ferrago ©AR Mythimna albipuncta ©EM Mythimna litoralis ©EM Mythimna l-album ©Pa

Mythimna sicula ©AR Mythimna prominens ©RP Mythimna unipuncta ©PP Mythimna languida ©DW

Mythimna riparia ©Pa Leucania zeae ©Pa Leucania punctosa ©Pa Leucania putrescens ©Pa

Leucania joannisi ♂ ©Pa Leucania joannisi ♀ ©WW Leucania loreyi ©PP Peridroma saucia ©DW

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Eucoptocnemis optabilis ©VJ Euxoa temera ©Pa Euxoa oranaria ©AR Agrotis lata ©EM

Agrotis bigramma ©PP Agrotis catalaunensis ©EM Agrotis puta ♂ ©PP Agrotis puta ♀ ©Pa

Agrotis alexandriensis ©EM Agrotis herzogi ©AR Agrotis ipsilon ©MG Agrotis ipsilon ©AR

Agrotis trux ©EM Agrotis exclamationis ©MG Agrotis segetum ©AR Agrotis spinifera ©EM

Agrotis sabulosa ©AR Agrotis graslini Agrotis boetica ©AR Cerastis faceta ©EM

Ochropleura plecta ©MG Ochropleura leucogaster ©AR Lycophotia erythrina ©PP Lycophotia molothina ©PP

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Paradiarsia glareosa ©EM Noctua pronuba ©PP Noctua pronuba ©AR Noctua comes ©Pa

Noctua comes ©AR Noctua fimbriata ©EM Noctua fimbriata ©AR Noctua janthe ©Pa

Noctua janthe ©AR Xestia xanthographa ©PP Xestia kermesina ©PP Xestia agathina ©PP

Xestia c-nigrum ©PP

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INDEX
lueneburgensis ........................... 27 maurusia .......................................7
A nigra ........................................... 27 mysiniformis ..................................6
Arctia villica ..................................... 19 Charissa
Abraxas pantaria ............................. 10 Aspitates ochrearia ......................... 10 mucidaria ....................................11
Abrostola triplasia ............................ 22 Atethmia algirica ............................. 26 obscurata ....................................11
Acanthovalva inconspicuaria ........... 12 Athetis hospes ................................ 25 Chemerina caliginearia ....................10
Acasis viretata ................................. 14 Autographa gamma......................... 22 Chesias
Acherontia atropos ............................ 9 isabella .......................................12
Acontia legatella ......................................12
lucida .......................................... 22 B rufata ..........................................12
trabealis ...................................... 22 Chiasmia
Bembecia
Acronicta aestimaria ...................................12
iberica .......................................... 6
aceris.......................................... 23 clathrata ......................................11
ichneumoniformis ......................... 6
auricoma..................................... 23 Chilodes maritima ............................25
sirphiformis................................... 6
euphorbiae ................................. 23 Chloantha hyperici ...........................25
Bena bicolorana .............................. 21
leporina....................................... 23 Chloroclysta siterata ........................13
Brachyglossina hispanaria .............. 16
psi 22 Chrysodeixis chalcites .....................22
Bryonycta pineti .............................. 23
rumicis ........................................ 23 Cilix
Bryophila
Adactylotis gesticularia .................... 10 algirica ..........................................8
microglossa ................................ 24
Aedia leucomelas ............................ 22 hispanica ......................................8
petrea......................................... 24
Aegle vespertinalis .......................... 23 Cleonymia
ravula ......................................... 24
Afriberina tenietaria ......................... 10 baetica ........................................23
vandalusiae ................................ 24
Aglaope infausta ................................ 7 diffluens ......................................23
Bustilloxia saturata .......................... 12
Agrius convolvuli................................ 9 yvanii ..........................................23
Agrochola Cleta ramosaria ...............................16
blidaensis ................................... 26 C Clytie illunaris ..................................20
haematidea................................. 26 Coenobia rufa ..................................25
helvola ........................................ 26 Cabera
Colocasia coryli ...............................22
lychnidis...................................... 26 exanthemata .............................. 11
Colostygia multistrigaria ...................13
Agrotis pusaria ....................................... 11
Compsoptera opacaria.....................12
alexandriensis............................. 29 Calamodes occitanaria .................... 10
Condica viscosa...............................24
bigramma ................................... 29 Callopistria
Conisania andalusica .......................27
boetica........................................ 29 juventina..................................... 24
Conistra staudingeri .........................26
catalaunensis.............................. 29 latreillei ....................................... 24
Coscinia cribraria .............................19
exclamationis .............................. 29 Calophasia platyptera ..................... 23
Cossidae ..........................................6
graslini ........................................ 29 Camptogramma bilineata ................ 14
Cossus cossus ..................................6
herzogi ....................................... 29 Caradrina
Costaconvexa polygrammata...........14
ipsilon ......................................... 29 aspersa ...................................... 24
Craniophora pontica ........................23
lata ............................................. 29 clavipalpis .................................. 25
Crocallis
puta ............................................ 29 flavirena ..................................... 25
auberti ........................................11
sabulosa ..................................... 29 germainii .................................... 25
dardoinaria ..................................11
segetum...................................... 29 noctivaga.................................... 25
tusciaria ......................................11
spinifera ...................................... 29 proxima ...................................... 24
Cryphia
trux ............................................. 29 Cardepia sociabilis .......................... 27
algae...........................................24
Aleucis distinctata ............................ 10 Catarhoe basochesiata ................... 14
pallida .........................................24
Allophyes alfaroi .............................. 23 Catephia alchymista ........................ 20
Ctenoplusia
Amephana aurita ............................. 23 Catocala
accentifera ..................................22
Ammopolia witzenmanni .................. 27 coniuncta.................................... 20
limbirena .....................................22
Amphipyra effusa............................. 23 conversa .................................... 20
Cucullia
Amygdaloptera testaria .................... 12 dilecta ........................................ 20
calendulae ..................................23
Anarta elocata ....................................... 20
caninae .......................................23
myrtilli ......................................... 27 mariana ...................................... 21
chamomillae................................23
pugnax ....................................... 27 nymphaea .................................. 21
scrophulariphila...........................23
sodae ......................................... 27 nymphagoga .............................. 21
verbasci ......................................23
trifolii ........................................... 27 optata ......................................... 20
Cyclophora
Apaidia mesogona ........................... 18 promissa .................................... 20
hyponoea ....................................14
Apamea arabs ................................. 26 Cerastis faceta ................................ 29
puppillaria ...................................14
Aplasta ononaria.............................. 12 Cerocala scapulosa......................... 20
Cymbalophora pudica ......................18
Aplocera efformata .......................... 12 Cerura iberica ................................. 17
Aporophyla Chamaesphecia
chioleuca .................................... 27 aerifrons ....................................... 7

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scopariata .................................. 13
D I
ultimaria ..................................... 13
Denticucullus mabillei ...................... 26 venosata .................................... 13 Idaea
Diachrysia chrysitis .......................... 22 Euplagia quadripunctaria................. 19 alyssumata .................................15
Diaphora mendica ........................... 18 Euproctis antiquaria ....................................14
Drasteria cailino ............................... 20 chrysorrhoea .............................. 18 aversata ......................................16
Drepanidae ....................................... 8 similis ......................................... 18 belemiata ....................................15
Drymonia querna ............................. 17 Eutelia adulatrix .............................. 22 bigladiata ....................................15
Dryobota labecula............................ 26 Euteliidae ....................................... 22 biselata .......................................15
Dryobotodes Euxoa blaesii .........................................15
monochroma............................... 26 oranaria ...................................... 29 calunetaria ..................................15
roboris ........................................ 26 temera........................................ 29 carvalhoi .....................................15
tenebrosa ................................... 27 cervantaria ..................................15
Dyscia circuitaria ....................................15
F
distinctaria .................................. 10 consanguiberica ..........................14
penulataria.................................. 10 Furcula bifida .................................. 17 degeneraria ................................16
Dysgonia dimidiata .....................................15
algira .......................................... 20 efflorata.......................................15
torrida ......................................... 20 G elongaria .....................................15
Dyspessa ulula .................................. 6 Geometridae .................................. 10 eugeniata ....................................16
Gerinia honoraria ............................ 11 exilaria ........................................16
fractilineata .................................15
E Gnopharmia stevenaria ................... 12
fuscovenosa................................15
Gnophos perspersata ...................... 11
Earias insulana ................................ 21 Gortyna incisaria ......................................15
Eilema borelii ......................................... 25 infirmaria .....................................16
bipuncta ...................................... 18 puengeleri .................................. 25 inquinata .....................................15
caniola ........................................ 18 xanthenes .................................. 25 joannisiata ..................................15
marcida....................................... 18 Grammodes bifasciata .................... 20 litigiosaria....................................14
predotae ..................................... 18 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata ................. 13 longaria .......................................15
rungsi ......................................... 18 lusohispanica ..............................14
uniola.......................................... 18 lutulentaria ..................................15
Ekboarmia atlanticaria ..................... 10 H mediaria ......................................14
Ennomos minuscularia................................15
Hadena
alniaria ........................................ 11 mustelata ....................................14
albimacula .................................. 28
fuscantaria .................................. 11 obsoletaria ..................................15
bicruris ....................................... 28
quercaria .................................... 11 ochrata........................................14
confusa ...................................... 28
Epirrhoe sandosaria ........................ 13 ostrinaria .....................................16
magnolii...................................... 28
Episema grueneri ............................ 26 predotaria ...................................16
perplexa ..................................... 28
Erebidae ......................................... 18 sardoniata ...................................14
sancta ........................................ 28
Eremopola orana ............................. 26 straminata ...................................16
Harpyia milhauseri .......................... 17
Eublemma subsaturata .................................15
Hecatera
candidana ................................... 19 subsericeata ...............................15
dysodea ..................................... 27
cochylioides ................................ 19 Isturgia
weissi ......................................... 28
ostrina ........................................ 19 famula.........................................12
Helicoverpa armigera ...................... 24
parva .......................................... 19 miniosaria ...................................12
Heliothis
polygramma................................ 19 pulinda ........................................12
incarnata .................................... 24
pura ............................................ 19 Itame vincularia ...............................12
nubigera ..................................... 24
scitula ......................................... 19 peltigera ..................................... 24
Euclidia glyphica .............................. 20 Hemaris fuciformis ............................ 9 L
Eucoptocnemis optabilis .................. 29 Hemistola chrysoprasaria ................ 12
Eupithecia Heterogynidae ................................. 7 Lacanobia oleracea .........................27
breviculata .................................. 13 Heterogynis penella .......................... 7 Laothoe populi ...................................9
centaureata ................................ 13 Hippotion celerio ............................... 9 Larentia malvata ..............................14
cocciferata .................................. 13 Hoplodrina Lasiocampa trifolii ..............................8
dodoneata .................................. 13 ambigua ..................................... 25 Lasiocampidae.................................8
extremata ................................... 13 hesperica ................................... 25 Leucania
gratiosata.................................... 13 Horisme scorteata ........................... 14 joannisi .......................................28
innotata....................................... 13 Hospitalia flavolineata ..................... 14 loreyi ...........................................28
irriguata ...................................... 13 Hoyosia codeti .................................. 7 punctosa .....................................28
laquaearia................................... 13 Hyles livornica ................................... 9 putrescens ..................................28
liguriata ....................................... 13 Hypena zeae............................................28
massiliata ................................... 13 lividalis ....................................... 19 Leucochlaena oditis .........................26
oxycedrata .................................. 13 obsitalis ...................................... 19 Limacodidae.....................................7
phoeniceata ................................ 13 Hypomecis punctinalis..................... 10 Lithophane
pulchellata .................................. 13 leautieri .......................................26

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semibrunnea ............................... 26 cicatricalis .................................. 21 Phalera bucephala ...........................17

Lithosia quadra ................................ 18 squalida...................................... 21 Phlogophora meticulosa ..................25
Lophoterges millierei ....................... 23 subchlamydula ........................... 21 Phragmatobia fuliginosa ..................18
Luperina tutulella ...................................... 21 Phyllodesma
dumerilii ...................................... 25 Nolidae ........................................... 21 kermesifolia ..................................8
nickerlii ....................................... 25 Nonagria typhae .............................. 25 suberifolia .....................................8
testacea ...................................... 25 Notodonta ziczac............................. 17 Phytometra viridaria .........................20
Lycia hirtaria .................................... 10 Notodontidae ................................. 17 Polymixis
Lycophotia Nychiodes andalusiaria ................... 10 argillaceago ................................27
erythrina ..................................... 29 Nycteola dubia...........................................27
molothina .................................... 29 columbana ................................. 21 lichenea ......................................27
Lygephila craccae............................ 20 siculana ...................................... 21 xanthomista ................................27
Lymantria dispar .............................. 18 Nycterosea obstipata ...................... 14 Polyphaenis sericata ........................25
Lythria sanguinaria .......................... 13 Nyctobrya muralis ........................... 24 Proserpinus proserpina ......................9
Pseudenargia ulicis ..........................25
Pseudoips prasinana .......................21
M O Pseudopanthera macularia ..............11
Macroglossum stellatarum ................. 9 Ochropleura Pseudoterpna coronillaria ................12
Macrothylacia digramma.................... 8 leucogaster ................................ 29 Pseudozarba bipartita ......................22
Malacosoma neustria ........................ 8 plecta ......................................... 29 Psilogaster loti ...................................8
Mamestra brassicae ........................ 27 Ocneria Pterostoma palpina ..........................17
Marumba quercus.............................. 9 atlantica...................................... 18 Pyropteron
Meganola rubea.......................................... 18 chrysidiformis ................................6
albula.......................................... 21 Odice doryliformis ...................................6
strigula ........................................ 21 jucunda ...................................... 19 hispanica ......................................6
togatulalis ................................... 21 pergrata...................................... 19 koschwitzi .....................................6
Menophra Omphalophana serrata.................... 23 leucomelaena ...............................6
abruptaria ................................... 10 Omphaloscelis lunosa ..................... 26 muscaeformis ...............................6
japygiaria .................................... 10 Onychora agaritharia ....................... 12
nycthemeraria ............................. 10 Ophiusa tirhaca ............................... 20 R
Mesapamea secalis ......................... 26 Opisthograptis luteolata................... 11
Mesoligia furuncula.......................... 26 Orgyia Raphia hybris ...................................22
Metachrostis velox ........................... 20 antiqua ....................................... 18 Recoropha canteneri .......................24
Metopoceras felicina ........................ 24 trigotephras ................................ 18 Rhizedra lutosa ................................25
Microloxia herbaria .......................... 12 Oria musculosa ............................... 25 Rhodometra sacraria .......................16
Miltochrista miniata .......................... 18 Orthosia Rhodostrophia calabra .....................16
Mimas tiliae ....................................... 9 cerasi ......................................... 27 Rhoptria asperaria ...........................12
Minucia lunaris ................................ 20 cruda .......................................... 27 Rhypagla lacernaria .........................20
Mniotype occidentalis ...................... 27 gothica ....................................... 27
Mormo maura .................................. 25 incerta ........................................ 27
Myinodes interpunctaria................... 10
S
Mythimna Saturnia pyri ......................................9
albipuncta ................................... 28
P
Saturniidae .......................................9
ferrago ........................................ 28 Pachycnemia Schrankia costaestrigalis .................19
l-album ....................................... 28 hippocastanaria .......................... 11 Scoliopteryx libatrix ..........................19
languida ...................................... 28 tibiaria ........................................ 11 Scopula
litoralis ........................................ 28 Paidia rica ....................................... 18 asellaria ......................................17
prominens................................... 28 Pandesma robusta .......................... 20 decolor ........................................16
riparia ......................................... 28 Paradiarsia glareosa ....................... 30 decorata......................................16
sicula .......................................... 28 Paranthrene tabaniformis .................. 6 emutaria......................................17
unipuncta .................................... 28 Parascotia nisseni ........................... 19 imitaria ........................................16
vitellina ....................................... 28 Pechipogo plumigeralis ................... 19 marginepunctata .........................16
Peribatodes minorata......................................17
N ilicaria......................................... 10 ornata .........................................16
rhomboidaria .............................. 10 rubiginata ....................................16
Nebula ibericata .............................. 13 umbraria ..................................... 10 rufomixtaria .................................17
Noctua Peridea anceps ............................... 17 submutata ...................................16
comes ......................................... 30 Peridroma saucia ............................ 28 turbidaria.....................................16
fimbriata...................................... 30 Petrophora Scotopteryx peribolata .....................14
janthe ......................................... 30 chlorosata .................................. 11 Selenia lunularia ..............................11
pronuba ...................................... 30 convergata ................................. 11 Selidosema
Noctuidae ....................................... 22 narbonea .................................... 11 pyrenaearia .................................10
Nodaria nodosalis ............................ 19 Phaiogramma taeniolaria ...................................10
Nola etruscaria ................................... 12 Sesamia nonagrioides .....................26
chlamitulalis ................................ 21 faustinata ................................... 12 Sesiidae ............................................6

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Smerinthus ocellata ........................... 9 pityocampa................................. 17 fluctuata ......................................14

Sphingidae ....................................... 9 Thera cupressata ............................ 13 Xenochlorodes olympiaria ................12
Spilosoma lutea ............................... 18 Thyatira batis .................................... 8 Xestia
Spodoptera Thysanoplusia agathina ......................................30
cilium .......................................... 24 daubei ........................................ 22 c-nigrum......................................30
exigua ......................................... 24 orichalcea................................... 22 kermesina ...................................30
littoralis ....................................... 24 Timandra comae ............................. 17 xanthographa ..............................30
Spudaea ruticilla .............................. 26 Tinthia tineiformis .............................. 6 Xylena exsoleta ...............................26
Stegania trimaculata ........................ 11 Toulgoetia cauteriata....................... 11 Xylocampa areola ............................24
Stilbia andalusiaca........................... 24 Trichiura ilicis .................................... 8
Streblote panda ................................. 8 Trichoplusia ni ................................. 22
Synanthedon Trigonophora flammea .................... 27
Z
codeti............................................ 6 Tyria jacobaeae .............................. 19 Zebeeba falsalis ..............................19
myopaeformis ............................... 6 Tyta luctuosa................................... 23 Zethes insularis ...............................20
stomoxiformis ............................... 6 Zeuzera pyrina ...................................6
theryi ............................................ 6 Zygaena
Synthimia fixa .................................. 23
U
fausta............................................7
Unchelea myodea ........................... 26 hilaris ............................................7
T Utetheisa pulchella .......................... 19 lavandulae ....................................7
occitanica......................................7
Tathorhynchus exsiccata ................. 20 rhadamanthus ...............................7
Tephronia
W sarpedon.......................................7
lhommearia................................. 10 Watsonalla uncinula .......................... 8 trifolii .............................................7
sepiaria ....................................... 10 Zygaenidae .......................................7
Tethea ocularis .................................. 8
Thalpophila vitalba........................... 25 X
Thaumetopoea
Xanthorhoe
herculeana.................................. 17
ferrugata..................................... 14

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