English: Features of Academic Writing
English: Features of Academic Writing
English: Features of Academic Writing
ENGLISH
Quarter 4-Module 1
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC
WRITING
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Features of Academic
Writing
Welcome to the first module of Quarter 4! You will be learning many things in
this module that will help you develop your communication skill, particularly in
academic writing.
This module will provide you with an overview in the world of academic writing.
A brief discussion about its features or characteristics will also be provided. Writing
academically will help you analyze, convey understanding, think critically, and focus
on technique and style.
Before you will do the activities, you must familiarize the different set of
headings and learning icons that will help you understand the lesson.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Write your answers of the tests and exercises in your English
activity notebook.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What’s In ---------------- 2
What Is It ---------------- 3
Assessment ---------------- 9
References ---------------- 15
What I Need to Know
After reading this module, you should be able to distinguish the features of
academic writing. (EN7WC-I-c-4.2)
What I Know
1
Lesson
Features of Academic Writing
1
What’s In
Before you start, I would like you to recall the past lesson. You have learned
about asking thought provoking questions. This time, formulate three (3) thought
provoking questions based on the topic in the box below. Write your answers in your
English activity notebook.
COVID-19 Pandemic
What’s New
You are about to start learning more exciting activities. Have fun!
Study the boxes of information below.
A B
Across the globe, suicide is a serious Suicide is a serious problem. This is
public health issue (Mann et al, 2005). There because if you lose somebody close to you, this
are severe emotional costs through loss of an can be very hard for you. It is also because
acquaintance or loved one in addition to suicide costs a lot of money to the economy due
to losing members of the workforce and the cost
significant economic costs through loss of
of treating people who have attempted suicide.
income and medical treatment (Corso et al, The number of people committing suicide. The
2007). In the last 45 years, worldwide suicide number of people committing suicide has gone
rates have increased by 60% (World Health up a lot. It has gone up by 60% over the past 45
Organization, 2008). Consequently, the years. This means that people who work in
development of suicide prevention initiatives public health all over the world need to come up
has become a global public health priority. with ideas that will prevent people from
committing suicide.
Source: univ-biskra.dz
2
Activity 2: SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
What Is It
Based on Activity 2, you have observed that the paragraph in Box A is clearer,
more formal, concise, focused, structured, and backed up by evidence. On the other
hand, Box B is more conversational, informal and subjective.
Therefore, Box A is more academic than Box B.
The following are some examples of documents where academic writing is used:
1. Books 5. News Articles
2. Thesis 6. Research Paper
3. Abstract 7. Conference paper
4. Journals
Sentence:
The policy does not permit illegal dealings.
3
1.2 Choosing one verb form over two-word verbs.
Sentence:
The business sectors raised the questions of excluding tax
payment from the dialogue.
Sentence:
With women, there is a great deal (instead of a lot of) pleasure to
conform to a certain physical shape.
Sentence:
The government wants it done as soon as possible.
2. Objectivity means that the writing must be impersonal. The main emphasis
should be on the presented information and/or arguments rather
than what you think about the issue.
It is achieved through:
2.1 Avoiding the use of personal pronouns such as you, I and we.
4
Poor example Improved
1. We need to conduct the The researchers need to conduct
experiment. the experiment.
2. You can easily forget how It is easy to forget how different life
different life was 50 years ago. was 50 years ago.
It is achieved through:
Comparison/similar ideas
Similarly, in the same way
Contrast/opposite ideas
But, however, on the contrary
Cause and effect
Consequently, as a result, because
Sentence:
One should notify any change of address to the Bonds and Stocks Office.
Similarly, savings certificates should be re-registered with the Post Office.
Example:
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4. Caution is an important feature of academic writing which is the concept of
cautious language, often called “hedging” or “vague language”.
Caution is needed to avoid sweeping generalizations.
It is achieved through:
Examples:
Modal verbs would, may, can, might, should
Adverbs of frequency often, sometimes, usually
Verbs tend, suggest, think, believe, doubt
Other devices:
Source: Harley, J. Academic Writing and Publishing. New York; Routledge, 2008.
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What’s More
This time, let us check your ability on using the features of academic writing.
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4. You should avoid emotive language that shows biases.
5. You should place the main emphasis on the information.
8. You should justify your position and provide evidence for the claims you make.
9. You should use one word verbs (e.g. educate) rather than phrasal verbs (e.g.
bring up).
10. Simpler words are preferable than complex words (e.g. make is better than
produce or manufacture).
What I Can Do
Activity 5: COMPLETE ME
Directions: The table below is composed of sentences that are examples of
academic writing. Some of the words are underlined for you to
analyze what feature of academic writing it indicates, and give
evidence that proves your point. Copy and complete the table in your
paper. Number 1 is already done for you.
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fast spreading of the
virus.
4. Young people
should obey the
government health
protocols.
5. This issue has been
raised by many
scientists.
Assessment
Congratulations!
You are done with your lesson about the different features of academic
writing.Let us now try to check your understanding by answering the following
activities.
A. Directions: Read the statements below and answer the questions that follow.
For items 1, 3, 5, & 7 choose only the letter of the answer. For items 2, 4, 6, &
8 identify what feature of academic writing is used.
A. The researchers need to conduct an experiment to find the cure for the
virus.
B. We need to conduct an experiment to find the cure for the virus.
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5. Which of the above statements observes good academic writing?
6. What feature of academic writing is used?
B. Directions: Read the selection below and answer the questions that follow.
Test Anxiety
(2) Evidence points to the fact that in general, test anxiety lowers performance
slightly. During that time, some studies have reported that test anxiety does not
lead to lower results. However, these findings are not likely to be true for all
students.
(3) Evidence points to the fact that in general, there is a possibility that test
anxiety lowers performance slightly. This relationship has been studied well for
over sixty years.
(4) While the question of anxiety has been studied for many years, researchers
need to further conduct the study as soon as possible in order to address the issue.
Test anxiety is of special interest to educators and students.
Source: examples.com/education/academic-essay-examples.html
9. Which paragraph can you find the academic writing feature of formality?
10. Copy the sentence that supports your answer.
11. Which paragraph can you find the academic writing feature of objectivity?
12. Copy the sentence that supports your answer.
13. Which paragraph can you find the academic writing feature of explicitness?
14. Copy the sentence that supports your answer.
15. Which paragraph can you find the academic writing feature of caution?
16. Copy the sentence that supports your answer.
10
Additional Activity
Directions: Copy the table below that has columns of the four features of academic
writing. Then, read the news article entitled “How the Philippines is
Fighting COVID-19” by Anna Malindog-Uy dated July 5, 2020. Pick out
the word/s or sentences that are indicators of the Features of Academic
Writing and write them in the column where they belong.
As the Philippines reopens its economy by easing out restrictions after successful
lockdowns, it has experienced a reversed trend in the number of COVID-19 positive cases.
The number of deaths has been reduced to single-digit, while the number of positive cases
has increased significantly to three-digit.
This reversal is somewhat expected because more people are now back on the
streets. One of the contributing factors to the rise in COVID-19 positive cases is the influx
of returning Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), of which some have tested positive upon
arrival in the Philippines. For instance, as of July 2, out of the 99,353 returning OFWs,
2,424 were confirmed as being COVID-19 positive.
Source: https://theaseanpost.com/article/how-Philippines.fighting-covid-19?amp
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12
What I Know What’s In
1.
2. Possible answers:
3.
4. 1. How does COVID-19 affect the economy?
5. 2. Why does COVID-19 spread so fast?
6. 3. How does the government respond to the COVID-19
7. pandemic?
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What’s New
13. Box A is clear, formal, concise, focused, structural
14. and backed up by evidence. On the other hand, Box B is
15. conversational, informal, and subjective.
What’s More
1. We are not giving up.
2. Winning is not everything.
3. We did not want to have a dog.
4. Mr. Reyes does not like snakes.
5. We had not played their team before.
6. They were not afraid to play our team.
7. Our class did not have any good ideas.
8. Our class could not decide on a mascot.
9. Our school colors are not black and gold.
10. The crowd must not forget to applaud both teams.
Answer Key
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What I Can Do
Sentence Feature of Evidence
Academic
Writing
1. Consequently, the development of Explicitness Using different
suicide prevention initiates has signaling words.
become a global public health priority.
2. Staying at home during this pandemic Caution Using modal verbs,
probably stops the spreading of adverbs or verbs
COVID 19.
3. The President did not expect about Objectivity Avoiding emotive
the fast spreading of the virus. language that
shows biases.
4. Young people should obey the Caution Using modal verbs,
government health protocols. adverbs or verbs.
5. This issue has been raised by many Formality Choosing one verb
scientists. form over two-word
verbs.
Additional Activities
Formality Objectivity Explicitness Caution
can not The Philippines is now trying to Hence somewhat
ease out quarantine restrictions
for its economy to bounce
back.
The government has
considered steps to safety &
gradually reopen the economy.
It has experienced a reverse
trend in the number of COVID-
19 positive.
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What I Have Learned
1.
2. ×
3. ×
4.
5.
6. ×
7. ×
8.
9.
10.
Assessment
Test A:
1. B
2. Formality
3. A
4. Objectivity
5. B
6. Explicitness
7. B
8. Caution
Test B:
9. Paragraph 4
10. While the question of anxiety has been studied for many years,
researchers need to further conduct the study as soon as possible in order
to address the problem.
11. Paragraph 1
12. Certain measures must be discovered in order to address the problem.
13. Paragraph 2
14. However, these findings are not likely to be true for all students.
15. Paragraph 3
16. Evidence points to the fact that in general, there is a possibility that test
anxiety lowers performance slightly.
References
Book
Electronic
University of Massey: Online Writing and Learning Link. Accessed June 16, 2020.
Last updated November 29, 2018. https://www.owll.massey.ac.nz
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