Nidhi Mishra

PHP
NIDHI
MISHRA
Introduction to PHP:-
 PHP is a server scripting language, and a

powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive
Web pages.
 PHP stands for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”.
 Syntax based on Perl, Java , And C.
 Very good for creating dynamic content.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient
alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's
ASP.
 Powerful, But somewhat risky!
History:-
 Started as a Perl hack in 1994 by Rasmus
Lerdorf (to handle his resume), developed
to PHP.
 By 1997 up to PHP 3.0 with a new parser
engine by Zee Suraski and Andi Gutamns.
 Version 5.2.4 is current version, rewritten
by Zend to include a no. of features, Such as
an object model.
 Current is version 5.
How To Run Program In PHP:-
 URL Open.
 Server Must Be ON.
 URL Address:- 127.0.0.1/folder name/file name
or
local host/folder name/filename
PHP Scripts:-
 Typically file ends in “.php”- -this is set by the web

server configuration.
 Separated in files with the <?php ?>.
 PHP commands can make up an entire files, or
can be contained in html- -this is a choice….
 Program lines end in “ ; ” or we get an error.
 Server recognizes embedded script and executes.
 Result is passed to browser, Source isn’t visible.
Example of PHP Script:-
 <!DOCTYPE html> Output:-
<html>
<body> My first PHP script!
<?php
echo "My first PHP
script!";
?>
</body>
</html>
String Print:-
“ ”
‘ ’
 ;
“ ‘ ’ ”
‘ “ ” ’
Note:- If we want embed another
language, like HTML in PHP then all
HTML works as a string.
PHP echo and print statements:-
 echo and print are more or less the same.

They are both used to output data to the
screen.
 The differences are small: echo has no
return value while print has a return value
of 1 so it can be used in expressions. echo
can take multiple parameters (although
such usage is rare) while print can take one
argument. echo is marginally faster than
print.
Example of echo statements:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-
<html>
<body> PHP is Fun!
<?php Hello world!
echo "<h2>PHP is
I'm about to learn PHP!
Fun!</h2>";
echo "Hello world!<br>"; This string was made with
echo "I'm about to learn multiple parameters.
PHP!<br>";
echo "This ", "string ", "was
", "made ", "with multiple
parameters.";
?>
</body>
</html>
Example of print statements:-
<html> PHP is Fun!
<body>
Hello world!
<?php
print "<h2>PHP is
I'm about to learn PHP!
Fun!</h2>";
print "Hello world!<br>";
print "I'm about to learn
PHP!";
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Variables:-
 Rules for PHP variables:

- A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the
name of the variable.
- A variable name must start with a letter or the
underscore character.
- A variable name cannot start with a number.
- A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ).
- Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and
$AGE are two different variables).
PHP Data Types:-
 Types of declaration of variable is known as Data Type.
 PHP supports the following data types:

- String
-Integer
-Float (floating point numbers - also called
double)
-Boolean
-Array
-Object
-NULL
-Resource
PHP String:-
<html>
<body>
<?php Hello world!
$x = "Hello world!"; Hello world!
$y = 'Hello world!”;
echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Integer:-
 An integer data type is a non-decimal number
between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
*Rules for integers:
 An integer must have at least one digit.
 An integer must not have a decimal point.
 An integer can be either positive or negative.
 Integers can be specified in three formats:
decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based -
prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with
0).
Example of PHP Integer:-

<html> int(5985)
<body>
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
Example PHP Float:-

<html>
<body> float(10.365)
<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Boolean:-
 A Boolean represents two possible states:

TRUE or FALSE.
 $x = true;
$y = false;
Booleans are often used in conditional
testing. You will learn more about
conditional testing in a later chapter of this
tutorial.
PHP Arrays:-
 An array stores multiple values in one single

variable.
 Example
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>
 Output:-
array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "Volvo" [1]=> string(3)
"BMW" [2]=> string(6) "Toyota" }
PHP Objects:-
 An object is a data type which stores data

and information on how to process that
data.
 In PHP, an object must be explicitly
declared.
 First we must declare a class of object. For
this, we use the class keyword. A class is a
structure that can contain properties and
methods.
PHP Null Value:-
 Null is a special data type which can have

only one value: NULL.
 A variable of data type NULL is a variable
that has no value assigned to it.
Note: If a variable is created without a
value, it is automatically assigned a value of
NULL.
Variables can also be emptied by setting the
value to NULL:
Example of PHP Null Value:-

<html>
<body> NULL
<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Operator:-
 Operators are used to perform operations on

variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following
groups:
 Arithmetic operators. (For normal operations)
 Assignment operators. ( = )
 Relational operators. ( < , > , < = , = > )
 Logical operators. ( and , or )
PHP Conditional Statements:-
In PHP we have the following conditional statements:

 if statement - executes some code if one condition
is true.
 if...else statement - executes some code if a
condition is true and another code if that condition
is false.
 if...elseif....else statement - executes different
codes for more than two conditions
 switch statement - selects one of many blocks of
code to be executed.
PHP- The If Statement:-
 The if statement executes some code if one

condition Is true.
 Example Output:-
<?php Have a good day!
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
}
?>
PHP- The If ... Else Statement:-
 It executes some code if a condition is true and another

code if that condition is false.
 Example:- Output:-
<?php
$t = date("H"); Have a good day!
if ($t < "20") {

} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
PHP- The If .. Elseif..else Statement:-
 The if....elseif...else statement executes different

codes for more than two conditions.
 Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed if all conditions are false;
}
Example If .. Elseif..else Statement:-
 <?php Output:-
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "10") { Have a good day!
echo "HII!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
The PHP Switch Statement:-
 “Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed”.
 Example:-
?php
$color = "red"; Output:-
switch ($color) {
case "red": Your color is red!
echo "Your color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
How To Get Form Value:-
Super Global Variable

 $_GET [‘ ’];
 $_POST [‘ ’ ];
 $_REQUEST_ [‘ ’];
How To upload image on a server:-
PHP Loop
In PHP, we have the following looping

statements:-
 while - loops through a block of code as
long as the specified condition is true.
 do...while - loops through a block of code
once, and then repeats the loop as long as
the specified condition is true.
 for - loops through a block of code a
specified number of times.
 foreach - loops through a block of code for
each element in an array.
PHP for loop:-
 The for loop is used when you know in advance

how many times the script should run.
Parameters:
 init counter: Initialize the loop counter value.
 test counter: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If
it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it
evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
 increment counter: Increases the loop counter
value.
Example 1 of for loop:-

<html> The number is: 0
The number is: 1
<body> The number is: 2
<?php The number is: 3
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; The number is: 4
$x++) { The number is: 5
The number is: 6
echo "The number is:
The number is: 7
$x <br>"; The number is: 8
} The number is: 9
?> The number is: 10
</body>
</html>
Example 2 of for loop:-

<html> 2
<body> 4
<?php 6
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; 8
$i++) 10
12
{
14
$c=$i*2; 16
echo $c.”<br>”; 18
} 20
PHP while loop:-
 The while loop executes a block of code

as long as the specified condition is
true.
Syntax
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}
Example 1 of while loop:-
 !DOCTYPE html> Output:-

<html> 1
<body> 2
<?php 3
$a = 1; 4
while($a <= 5) { 5
echo $a “<br>";
$a++;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 of while loop:-
 DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

<html> 2
<body> 4
<?php
$a = 1; 6
while($a <= 10) { 8
$c=$a*2; 10
echo $c “<br>"; 12
$a++; 14
} 16
?>
</body> 18
</html> 20
PHP foreach loop:-
 The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is

used to loop through each key/value pair in an
array.
 Syntax:-
foreach(array name of variable as desired
variable)
{
Desired variable;
}
Example of foreach loop:-
 <!DOCTYPE html> Output:-

<html>
<body>
red
<?php green
$colors blue
= array("red", "green", "b yellow
lue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $valu
e) {
echo "$value <br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP String:-
 strupper
 strlower
 strrev
 strlen
 substr
Example of strings:-
 <?php  Output:-
$a=“rcew”;
echo strupper($c); RCEW
echo strlowerer($c); rcew
echo strrev($c); wecr
echo strlen($c); 4
?>
Example of substring:-
<?php
$a=7062033739;
echo“xxxxxxx”.substr($a,7,3);
?>
Output:-
xxxxxxx739
PHP function:-
 include- It is used to include the file, if file is

not found then warning will be show and
script continue.
 require- It is used to include the file, But file
is not found in error will be show with
warning and screen stop.
 include_once-
.require_once-
. Implode- Implode is used to convert array

Into string.
. Explode- Explode is used to convert into

array.
PHP Array
 An array is a special variable, which can

hold more than one value at a time.
 Create an Array in PHP-
In PHP, the array( ) function is used to
create an array:
array( );
PHP Array function:-
 max:- find the largest value.

 min:-find the smallest value.
 array-sum:-means sum between two arrays.
 array-product:- means multiple.
 array-merge:- merge between two arrays.
 sort:-accending order.
 r-sort:-deccending order.
 array-pop:- delete last value.
 array push:-add value in last.
. array-shift:- delete first value.
. array-un shift:- add value in first
. print-r:- print the index and name
value first.
Example of max:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 600
300,1,600);
echo max($arrr);
?>
Example of min:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 1
300,1,600);
echo min($arrr);
?>
Example of sum:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80, 1089
95,300,1,600);
echo array
sum($arrr);
?>
Example of product:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,
95,300,1,600); 49248000000
echo
array_product($arr
r);
?>
Example of merge:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95,300 4
,1,600); 9
$arr=array(7,9,34,86,986,) 80
; 95
$ar=array_merge($arrr,$ 300
arr); 1
600
foreach($ar as $d) 7
{ 9
echo $d."<br>"; 34
} 86
?> 986
Example of sort:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 1
300,1,600); 4
sort($arrr); 9
foreach($arrr as $n) 80
95
{ 300
echo $n."<br>"; 600
}
?>
Example of rsort:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 600
300,1,600); 300
rsort($arrr); 95
foreach($arrr as $d) 80
9
{ 4
echo $d."<br>"; 1
}
?>
Example of array_pop:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 4
300,1,600); 9
array_pop($arrr); 80
300
{ 1
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
Example of array_push:-
 <?php Output:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 4
300,1,600); 9
array_push($arrr,111,1 80
21); 95
300
foreach($arrr as $d)
1
{ 600
echo $d."<br>"; 111
} 121
?>
Example of array_shift:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 9
300,1,600); 80
array_shift($arrr); 95
1
{ 600
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
Example of array_unshift:-
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, 0
300,1,600); 131
array_unshift($arrr,00 4
,131); 9
95
{ 300
echo $d."<br>"; 1
} 600
?>
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, Array ( [0] => 4 [1] => 9 [2]

=> 80 [3] => 95 [4] => 300
300,1,600);
[5] => 1 [6] => 600 ) 4
print_r($arrr); 9
95
{ 300
echo $d."<br>"; 1
600
}
?>

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PHP

 PHP is a server scripting language, and a

 Typically file ends in “.php”- -this is set by the web

 echo and print are more or less the same.

 Rules for PHP variables:

 Types of declaration of variable is known as Data Type.

 PHP supports the following data types:

 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 A Boolean represents two possible states:

 An array stores multiple values in one single

 An object is a data type which stores data

 Null is a special data type which can have

 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 Operators are used to perform operations on

In PHP we have the following conditional statements:

 The if statement executes some code if one

 It executes some code if a condition is true and another

if ($t < "20") {

 The if....elseif...else statement executes different

Super Global Variable

In PHP, we have the following looping

 The for loop is used when you know in advance

 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 <!DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 The while loop executes a block of code

 !DOCTYPE html> Output:-

 DOCTYPE html>  Output:-

 The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is

 <!DOCTYPE html> Output:-

 include- It is used to include the file, if file is

. Implode- Implode is used to convert array

. Explode- Explode is used to convert into

 An array is a special variable, which can

 max:- find the largest value.

$arrr=array(4,9,80,95, Array ( [0] => 4 [1] => 9 [2]

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