Project Planning (Project Quality Management)

Module 5:
Project Planning
Part III: Project Quality Management
Prepared By: Engr. Mark Joseph Rivera
What is Quality?
Quality is the degree to which a set of
inherent characteristics fulfill requirements
– ISO 2009
Project Quality Management
includes the processes for incorporating the
organization’s quality policy regarding
planning, managing, and controlling
project and product quality requirements in
order to meet stakeholders’ objectives.
Project Quality Management also supports
continuous process improvement activities
as undertaken on behalf of the performing
organization.
Trends and Emerging Practices in Project Quality Management
1. Customer Satisfaction – understand, evaluate, define and manage requirements so that customer
expectations are met.
2. Continual Improvement – the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle is the basis for quality
improvement.
3. Management responsibility – success requires the participation of all members of the project
team.
4. Mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers – an organization and its suppliers are
interdependent. Relationships based on partnership and cooperation with the supplier are more
beneficial to the organization and to the suppliers than traditional supplier management.
INPUTS Plan Quality Management
Project Management Plan
o The requirements management plan

provides the approach for identifying,
analyzing, and managing the
requirements that the quality
management plan and quality metrics
will reference.
o The risk management plan provides the

approach for identifying, analyzing,
and monitoring risks.
o The stakeholder engagement plan

provides the method for documenting
the stakeholders’ needs and
expectations that provide the
foundation for quality Management
o The Scope Baseline gives us important information related to project quality. The scope statements contains project
deliverables and acceptance criteria for these deliverables.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Data Analysis
COST BENEFIT ANAYSIS - A cost-benefit analysis is a financial analysis tool
used to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives in order to
determine the best alternative in terms of benefits provided. A cost benefit
analysis will help the project manager determine if the planned quality activities
are cost effective. The primary benefits of meeting quality requirements include
less rework, higher productivity, lower costs, increased stakeholder satisfaction,
and increased profitability. A cost-benefit analysis for each quality activity
compares the cost of the quality step to the expected benefit.
Step 1: Brainstorm Cost and Benefits

Step 2: Assign a monetary value to the costs
Step 3: Assign a monetary value to benefits
Step 4: Compare Cost and Benefits
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Data Analysis
COST OF QUALITY - The cost of quality
(COQ) associated with a project consists
of one or more of the following costs
1. Prevention costs. Costs related to the

prevention of poor quality in the products,
deliverables, or services of the specific
project.
2. Appraisal costs. Costs related to

evaluating, measuring, auditing, and
testing the products, deliverables, or
services of the specific project.
3. Failure costs (internal/external). Costs

related to nonconformance of the
products, deliverables, or services to the
needs or expectations of the stakeholders.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Data Representation
Cause and Effect Diagram – also called as
fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram is used
to find possible causes of a problem or failure.
The problem (the effect) is placed at the

head of fish and the possible source of the
problem (the cause) is sought after in the four
factors (Machine, Man, Methods and
Materials)
The whole process is conducted in

brainstorming sessions. The steps involved are
as follow:
1. Identify the Problem

2. Work out the major factors involved
3. Identify possible causes
4. Analyze your diagram
Flow Charts – Also called process maps,
because flowcharts display sequence of
steps. The flowchart transforms one or more
input to one or more outputs.
Flowcharts show logical relationship

between different process. Flowchart helps
us better in understanding the process.
Checksheet– Also called as tally sheets
are used to collect useful data about a
problem or its attributes when performing
inspections. Checksheets can also be used
as checklist.
Checksheets tells us about a problem and

its frequency of occurrence. Data obtained
through checksheets are often used for
generating Pareto Diagrams
Pareto Diagrams– is a special type of vertical bar
chart that shows frequency of a sources of a problem
and cumulative percentage of all vital sources. The
bar show each source and the line shows cumulative
total.
Histograms– are special types of bar charts that Control Charts – are used to know whether a
show central tendency, dispersion, and shape of process is stable or has the desired performance.
statistical distribution.
Scatter Diagram– is used to check for correlation
between two variables
OUTPUTS
Quality Management Plan – is a component of the Quality Metrics - specifically describes a project or
project management plan that describes how product attribute and how the Control Quality process
applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be will verify compliance to it. Some examples of quality
implemented to achieve the quality objectives. It metrics include percentage of tasks completed on time,
describes the activities and resources necessary for the cost performance measured by CPI, failure rate, number
project management team to achieve the quality of defects identified per day, total downtime per month,
objectives set for the project. errors found per line of code, customer satisfaction
scores, and percentage of requirements covered by the
The quality management plan may include but is not test plan as a measure of test coverage.
limited to the following components:
+ Quality standards that will be used by the project; Project Management Plan Updates - Any change to
+ Quality objectives of the project; the project management plan goes through the
+ Quality roles and responsibilities; organization’s change control process via a change
+ Project deliverables and processes subject to request.
quality review;
+ Quality control and quality management activities Project Documents Updates - Project documents that
planned for the project; may be updated as a result of carrying out this process
+ Quality tools that will be used for the project; and such as lessons learned register, risk and stakeholder
+ Major procedures relevant for the project, such as
register.
dealing with nonconformance, corrective actions
procedures, and continuous improvement
procedures
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Manage Quality
Alternatives Analysis– is used to
evaluate identified options in order to
select which different quality options or
approaches are most appropriate to use.
Document Analysis - The analysis of

different documents produced as part of
the output of project control processes,
such as quality reports, test reports,
performance reports, and variance
analysis, can point to and focus on
processes that may be out of control and
may jeopardize meeting the specified
requirements or stakeholders’ expectations.
Process analysis - identifies opportunities

for process improvements.
Root cause analysis - is an analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a
variance, defect, or risk.
Affinity diagrams can organize
potential causes of defects into groups
showing areas that should be focused
on the most.
Matrix diagrams seeks to show the strength
of relationships among factors, causes, and
objectives that exist between the rows and
columns that form the matrix.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Quality Audits is a structured, independent process

used to determine if project activities comply with
organizational and project policies, processes, and
procedures. A quality audit is usually conducted by a
team external to the project, such as the organization’s
internal audit department, PMO, or by an auditor
external to the organization. Quality audit objectives may
include but are not limited to:
o Identifying all good and best practices being

implemented;
o Identifying all nonconformity, gaps, and shortcomings;
o Sharing good practices introduced or implemented in
similar projects in the organization and/or industry;
o Proactively offering assistance in a positive manner to
improve the implementation of processes to help raise
o team productivity; and
o Highlighting contributions of each audit in the lessons
learned repository of the organization.
OUTPUTS
The quality reports can be graphical, numerical, or qualitative. The

information provided can be used by other processes and
departments to take corrective actions in order to achieve the
project quality expectations.
Test and evaluation documents can be created based on

industry needs and the organization’s templates. They are inputs to
the Control Quality process and are used to evaluate the
achievement of quality objectives. These documents may include
dedicated checklists and detailed requirements traceability
matrices as part of the document.
Control Quality
Control Quality is the process of
monitoring and recording results of
executing the quality management
activities in order to assess performance
and ensure the project outputs are
complete, correct, and meet customer
expectations.
The key benefit of this process is verifying

that project deliverables and work meet
the requirements specified by key
stakeholders for final acceptance. The
Control Quality process determines if the
project outputs do what they were
intended to do. Those outputs need to
comply with all applicable standards,
requirements, regulations, and
specifications. This process is performed
throughout the project.
OUTPUTS
VERIFIED DELIVERABLES - A goal of the

Control Quality process is to determine
the correctness of deliverables. The results
of performing the Control Quality process
are verified deliverables that become an
input to the Validate Scope process for
formalized acceptance. If there were
any change requests or improvements
related to the deliverables, they may be
changed, inspected, and reverified.
WORK PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

includes information on project
requirements fulfillment, causes for
rejections, rework required,
recommendations for corrective actions,
lists of verified deliverables, status of the
quality metrics, and the need for process
adjustments.
References
 A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 6th Edition

 Project Integration Management, Dr. Mohamed Loey

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Module 5:

o The requirements management plan

o The risk management plan provides the

o The stakeholder engagement plan

Step 1: Brainstorm Cost and Benefits

1. Prevention costs. Costs related to the

2. Appraisal costs. Costs related to

3. Failure costs (internal/external). Costs

The problem (the effect) is placed at the

The whole process is conducted in

1. Identify the Problem

Flowcharts show logical relationship

Checksheets tells us about a problem and

Document Analysis - The analysis of

Process analysis - identifies opportunities

Quality Audits is a structured, independent process

o Identifying all good and best practices being

The quality reports can be graphical, numerical, or qualitative. The

Test and evaluation documents can be created based on

The key benefit of this process is verifying

VERIFIED DELIVERABLES - A goal of the

WORK PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 6th Edition

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