European Scientific Journal March 2018 edition Vol.14, No.

8 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431

African Theology in the 21st Century: Mapping Out

Critical Priorities

Dr. Humphrey Mwangi Waweru

Lecturer of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Kenyatta University, Kenya

Doi: 10.19044/esj.2018.v14n8p213 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n8p213

Abstract
There is a dialogue taking place in the area of African Theology; “do
we call it African Christian theology or African Theology and how it relates
to the African culture”? Depending on where one sits, any name will carry the
day as long as it fulfills the academic desire intended. What is important is the
dialogue that is taking place between the Bible and the African culture. Here,
we shall take the name “African Theology” as the norm. It is evident in almost
all ways that from a walk which is based on the mapping of African theology
or from the wide variety of current understandings of its nature and task, there
are several priorities in African Theology. A number of theologians today
argue that the priorities of African theology are many. These include providing
a clear and comprehensive dialogue between African culture and the Bible in
relation to the African faith. They argue that the Bible has also been translated
into local languages in order to enable the African cultures to become
intelligible in the way they relate to the scriptures. On the other hand, others
have prioritized the definition of African Theology so that they can deal with
it from their perspective of African Traditional Religions. Also, others want to
prioritize African Theology as a reflection of the praxis of Christian faith
within a relatively deprived community. Therefore, this article seeks to
briefly provide some priorities in African Theology, such as liberation,
reconstruction, and poverty reduction theologies. In this study, we will
proceed to explore the need for a definition of African Theology, how it relates
to African Christian faith, and the challenges posed by African Theology to
the Christian faith. We will conclude with the general guidelines on
formulating the priorities of African theology.

Keywords: African Theology, Theologians, Christian faith, Christianity

Introduction
In the 21st century, there has been a flood of ideas on how to deal with
African Theology and in particular the sources. Generally, it has been assumed

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that there are three major theological currents that have emerged in Africa in
the last two decades: indigenization of Christianity as well as the place of
liberation theology in Africa. However, the theological and ecclesiastical
landscape in Africa has changed within the last two decades. The presence of
African theology in Africa is not very clear. As a result, there was a dialogue
that took place. Perhaps, this is because the theology of African churches has
gone beyond what the missionary originally intended. African Theology in
Africa is like a new bicycle in the hands of a group of boys.
The riding of this new bicycle simply meant that Africans had to own
their theological discourse. Thus, there is a call on these theologians to take
seriously their African traditional heritage and allow it to freely interact with
their Christian faith which results to prioritization. This requires the African
theological priorities to be set within the broader context of political,
educational, and religious factors in Africa. However, it is not easy to
determine exactly what the main African Theological priorities are. In
response to the question on this subject, we would like to start with the
definition of African theology.

Defining African Theology

There are various perceptions about African theology which are
important in the definition of what African Theology truly is. One of the major
concerns in African Theology is its definition by African theologian who have
attempted to articulate Christian theology from the perspective of their
Traditional African Context (TAC). It is agreeable that for a long time,
Christianity in Africa has been determined to a large extent by missionary
forms of Christianity, which were brought by explorers and missionaries. For
this reason, the theology in Africa was strongly influenced by missionary
theology which was considered up to 1960s. Later on, when majority of
African nations gained independence, African Christian Theology (ACT)
emerged as a new field of academic research. This resulted to the
acknowledgement of the need to incarnate the Gospel, using the best insights
from African context that is compatible with the Gospel of Christ.
Therefore, the fathers of African Theology such as Mbiti (1969),
Idowu (1973), and Mugambi (1991), among others, prioritized the definition
of African Theology by offering an analysis and interpretation of the African
culture in a dialogue with Christian faith. Such sentiments were strengthened
by many conferences that were held to discuss the place of African Theology
based on our context. An example of such a meeting was an African
Conference of Churches meeting held in Abidjan in 1969, which defined
African Theology as a theology that is grounded on the Bible and which speaks
to the Africans mind set. However, this was as expressed in categories of
thought which arise based on the philosophy of the African people.

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According to John Mbiti, the term “African Theology” means a

theological reflection and expression by African Christians. For Muzorewa,
African Theology is an attempt to respond to a mandate to construct a
biblically-based and relevant theology that speaks to the spiritual needs of the
African people. African Theologians are in agreement that Western or Asian
theologies do not touch the hearts of the African believers because they are
based on a religious language which is foreign to them. Hence, there is a quest
for a relevant African theology. For this reason, defining African Theology
has become a cultural factor that only African theologians could undertake the
task.
The desire to define African Theology by Africans increased in the
mid-20th century when African Theology as a theological discipline came into
being. A wave of protest against negative colonial and missionary
interpretations of the religion and culture in Africa was on the rise. Africans
were more and more becoming aware that theology is a contextual
phenomenon and, hence, they began to read the Scriptures using their mother
tongue. Hence, this resulted to some interpretations that were not in agreement
with Western theology interpretations. African theology as a discipline was
undertaken to shape Christianity in Africa by adapting and using African
concepts and ideas.
African scholars have decided to give priority to the study of African
Theology in order to position African Christianity in a playing ground level.
This made African Theology to develop from one level to the other. This
development was due to the zeal of African Christians’ piety and activism
which prompted them to react in a faith-inspired way to the profound social
and political changes which characterized modern post-colonial Africa. It is
within this framework of general orientation that African Theology attempted
to reconstruct Christian faith in order for it to respond to the demands of
African contexts and experiences.
There was no plan to develop African theology as an academic
discipline. It evolved as a phenomenological area of study with its own
specific African criteria for theological constructs. African theologians found
themselves in Western institutions doing traditional Western Theology which
they discovered it was inadequate for the African spirituality. Prior to their
discovery, they quickly came up with proposals of a theology which could
cater for their spiritual desperation, and which continued to grow as they went
deeper into Western Theology. They had to come up with alternatives such as
having their theological reflections. Therefore, this made African Theologians
to take their African cultural heritage seriously in a systematic manner, so as
to Africanize, liberate, reconstruct as well as reduce economic
marginalization.

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Priorites in african theology

Africanization of christianity
The first major priority in African Theology was to ensure that
Christian Theology was able to interact with African culture in a plane ground,
by giving African expression to the Christian faith within a theological
framework (Bediako Kwame, 2006, 43). This involves a conscious
engagement of a dialogue between missionary Christian thinking and African
religious thinking in order to develop a counter point for the purposes of
integrating Christianity into the life and culture of African people. According
to Mbiti, the chief yardstick for determining the validity of any Christian
theology purporting to be African was its 'Biblical basis'. For him, "nothing
can substitute for the Bible". This is because with African Traditional
Religions and other aspects of African culture, the Bible has a well respected
status and place in African theology. "Any viable theology must and should
have a biblical basis", declared Mbiti, more than a decade ago (Mbiti , 2009).
Therefore the subject of African Theology should be approached from
the context of Africaness, if it does make sense. This approach will place
emphasis on the culture of the African people whom African Theology
reaches, thus making Africaness the primary factor in the method of carrying
out African Theology and spirituality. Currently, the scholarship method is
that of Western orientation and it engages African experience as an
afterthought. To a very large extent, this approach is disadvantageous to the
development of African Theology and spirituality.
However, African Theologians has realized that the indigenization of
Christian thought is the only way to contextualize the Gospel of Christ. They
have given priority to their context into which the Gospel had been planted,
watered, and has germinated. Africans were so receptive to Christianity that
it took a very short time for the missionaries to convert them to a new way of
life (Waweru, 2011, 5). This context, however, refers to the traditional African
culture, norms, and values. Without any contradiction, this was the beginning
of the African Indigenous Churches (AICs). This then gave birth to a
preaching; a praying; a singing; and a rhythm that was acceptable to the
African Christians throughout the continent. This africanization process was
properly aided by local African languages as Mbiti rightly puts it: “Aided by
the biblical revelation and faith in Jesus Christ, Africans grounded their
approach to Christianity on what they knew best as traditional African
religions” (Mbiti, 2009, 162). As a result, African cultures flourished once
more among the African elites who adopted Christianity which is quite
different from the way the missionary thinks. These African theologians ended
up acquiring a respectful understanding of the differences between missionary
religious world view and the African Christian world view, which finally

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helped to ensure the viability of the Christian church in Africa (Waweru, 2011,
9).
Therefore, the beginning of Africanizing Christianity was on course by
mid-twentieth century. Perhaps, we could say the starting point of this process
came from a European Franciscan missionary in the Belgian Congo by the
name of Placide Tempels in 1945. This was possible through his book Bantu
Philosophy which was published in French. It was from this Francophone
Africa that a student of theology, known as Vincent Mulago, also published
his Ph.D. thesis in French in 1956 entitled the ‘Bantu Vital Union’. Thus, this
made him the first African published theologian. In the same year, another
French speaking African Theologian, Alexis Kagame, published his thesis
titled “The Bantu-Rwandan Philosophy” in French. At the same period of
time, another publication of a collection of articles under the title Des Prêtres
Noirs s’interrogent, or “Black Priests Ask” was in circulation.
The Anglophone Africa felt the need to follow the steps taken by
Francophone Africa in the Africanization of Christianity. In 1969, an All-
Africa Conference of Churches was held in Abidjan and Nigeria, where a
resolution was passed that “African Theology is ‘a theology based on the
Biblical faith of Africans, and which speaks to the African language’”. The
understanding here was that the Gospel of Christ must be made relevant to the
African context. In the minds of these theologians, Africanization of the
gospel had to take place so that Christianity ceases to be a foreign religion in
Africa. They demanded a contextualization without a compromise. The main
theological question that arose from this dialogue was: “Can we have a
dialogue between the Bible and African culture that is free from syncretism or
a return to African traditional religion (Waweru, 2011, 1).
There was a strong belief among these African theologians that there
was nothing new about religion from the missionaries who popularized
Christianity in Africa. They argued that it is we Africans who are adding value
to Christianity by offering an African divinity, which was well articulated and
all-pervasive to the world of Christianity. This was well summarized by Bolaji
Idowu (1973) who concluded in his book on African Traditional Religion by
praising a faithful remnant of African Religious who held steadfast to their
forefathers and mothers practices of African Traditional beliefs that are now
the source of the rejuvenation of our faith. Nevertheless, African culture is
dynamic and it is changing rapidly. Also, it is becoming more urbanized and
modernized, which now calls for a liberating Theological system to be
prioritized.

Liberation Theology
Another priority in African Theology was the liberating movement that
demanded a reading of the Bible that could listen to the African voices.

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Without wasting time, this liberating trend has become a household name,
which is becoming very popular in most parts of Africa. In the early 60s,
African Theologians had started using the theology of liberation to articulate
issues in the African soil which were characterized by colonialism, apartheid,
and the cold war. Liberation Theology had three main waves. The first wave
is based on the indigenous socioeconomic system, the second wave take after
the Latin American liberation model, and the third wave involves a
combination of elements from both approaches. These waves seek genuine
human promotion in the context of the poverty and political powerlessness of
Africa. Also, it takes the form of Christian reflection within the context of the
poor and the oppressed. Indeed, Mugambi (2003) observes that liberation
Theology encouraged praxis as its method of theologizing-relating theory to
practice and deriving theory from practice. The liberation movement
challenged the academics to join the ‘masses’ in the struggle for economic
justice. As a result of this challenge, there was a paradigm shift from analyzing
the social structures to a commitment of changing them. The African
liberationists then acquired a reading of the gospel that would offer a liberating
message for Africans from their state of poverty, oppression, and exploitation.
This is a Theology whose output cannot be underrated.
It focused on rectifying the glaring injustices in African societies.
Liberation theology began in this continent due to the racial discrimination
experienced by our African brothers and sisters in the colonized Africa as well
as South Africa where Black Theology thrived. The fathers of this Theology
can be named as Alan Boesak and Desmond Tutu who undoubtedly became
audible voices of liberation in the South African Church. As early as in 1970s,
Black Theology came to South Africa with some Essays on Black Theology
being published in 1972 in Johannesburg. However, this theology was banned
by the government before they reached the bookstores. In the 1970s, Desmond
Tutu and Allan Boesak were rationalizing Black Theology within African
Christian thought.
However, they were quickly accused of engaging in a reductionist
theological thought by Mbiti who wrote, ‘What I view as an excessive
preoccupation with liberation may well be the chief limitation of Black
Theology’. For Mbiti, Africa needed a more embarrassing theology than Black
Theology, which he argued that it cannot and will not become an African
Theology. He accused Black Theology of parochialism by saying it hardly
knows the situation of Christian living in Africa. As a result, its direct
relevance to Africa is either nonexistent or only accidental. For him, African
Theology is concerned with many more issues, including all the classical
theological themes, plus localized topics. This simply meant that Black
Theology was a local topic.

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Consequently, this provocation by Mbiti led liberation theology to

move beyond racial issues, making socioeconomic liberation a major concern
for liberation theology. Allan Boesak equally accused James Cone of reducing
liberation theology to the racial issue. He argued that Black Theology must
focus on full liberation of African humanity. It has to focus on the dependency
of the oppressed and their liberation from dependency in all its dimensions
whether psychological, cultural, political, economical, and theological
(Boesak, 1977).
Liberation theology is a theological response to the problems of the
African people who were subjected to poverty and injustice without any
justified reason. Liberation theology is a cry for redemption and justice.
Liberation theology for Africans is likened to the tradition of the Old
Testament prophets and of Jesus Christ himself who stood in the gap.
Unfortunately, liberation theology has often been one-sided. For Bénézet
Bujo, the main problem is ‘the mass poverty of Africa’ (Bujo, 1992).
Although some church leaders have spoken out on behalf of the poor, “it must
be said that the church of Africa has been a silent church”. Jean-Marc Éla
supports Bujo’s call for economic liberation (Mugambi, 1991, 36). The one
sidedness of liberation theology made it to mutate to other forms of liberation
theology in Africa such as Feminist theology; African women Theology;
Environmental Theology among others which now focuses on the unique
situations and contexts in Africa, including the poverty being experienced by
our people.
Therefore, one of the priorities of African liberation theology was to
contextualize the Gospel into the context of injustice and poverty within
Africa. It was an African cry for justice within an unjust world. Africans are
aware of the massive corruption and injustice within their Christian
communities. As a result, the prioritization of the liberation of the individual
from the oppressive systems in the continent was the way forward. Hence, the
need for reconstruction theology was realized.

Reconstruction Theology
Africans came to a reawakening that the gains of liberation Theology
will not benefit them unless they are engaged in reconstruction theology
(Mugambi, 1991,36). Things were not right; a reconstruction had to take place
immediately, making Reconstruction Theology the latest theological project
in Africa (Maluleke, 2001, 172). So from 1990, this theology established itself
with a number of publications having come out on the subject. African
theologians have been looking for new ways to interpret the gospel in Africa,
in light of the prevailing conditions in the continent. For Mugambi,
Reconstruction Theology seeks to interpret scriptures to re-create a new world
order for God and his people. Reconstruction Theology has now become the

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basis for recreating anew the African social economic reality from a scriptural
perspective (Mugambi, 1991, 36). It has become a theology of people that is:
Proactive rather than reactive; complementary rather than competitive;
integrative rather than disintegrative; programme-driven rather than
project-driven; people centred rather than institution-centred; deed-
oriented rather than world-oriented; participatory rather than
autocratic; regenerative rather than degenerative; future-sensitive
rather than past- sensitive; co-operative rather than confrontational;
consultative rather than impositional (Mugambi 1995, xv).
Furthermore, reconstruction Theology is another major priority for
African theologians in the last two decades (Mugambi, 2003, 210). Churches
have used this new ideological thinking to respond to the contemporary issues
that are affecting the African continent (Kwame Bediako, 2006, 43). Africa
has now engaged in the reconstruction of its culture, economy as well as
political life. Mugambi (1995, 2) says that reconstruction is a concept within
the social sciences, which should be of interest to sociologists, economists,
and political scientists. It is a multidisciplinary appeal of reconstruction which
makes the concept functionally useful as a thematic focus for reflection in
Africa during the coming decades. The process has helped in creating
considerable efforts of reconciliation and confidence-building among African
communities. Reconstruction theology is purely a renewal concept that has
been invented by African theologians. It is a process of review. Thus, this is
only possible if the Africans are concerned with a reconstruction that will help
to reduce poverty in Africa.

Poverty Reduction Theology

Poverty reduction theology is another priority in African Theology that
creates hope among the poor African Christians, although it is usually
neglected in the academic publications. Oftentimes, poverty reduction
theology is left to African evangelicals. Since poverty reduction is so dominant
in African Pentecostal preaching, it needs to be treated as a new priority in
African Christian theology. It is defined as the teaching that believers have a
right to the blessings of health and wealth, and that they can obtain these
blessings through faith and the “sowing of seeds” through the faithful
payments of tithes, first fruits, and love offerings. This is a misleading
approach to poverty reduction. A theology that reduces poverty in Africa is a
contextualized theology of modern African context. Therefore, this is a
theology that is from within Africa with its social and economic problems that
has bedeviled the African communities like corruption, political rivalries, and
ethnicity. Tokunboh Adeyemo says that Africa is an enigma, which is
something hard to understand or explain. He stated that when one considers
all the resources available in Africa, such as land, natural and cultivated

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vegetation, animals, water systems, minerals, the various sources of energy,

and above all the beautiful people and their spirituality, one is stunned to learn
about the poverty in Africa (Adeyemo, 2000, 31).
Poverty reduction is the common talk both for the Church as well as
the political leadership in Africa. It creates a common ground between the
political arena and the evangelical arena. It believes in the power of prayer and
the possibility of miracles to reduce poverty, unemployment, and barrenness.
It emphasizes the power of Jesus Christ to provide the daily needs of
individuals. It also has the power of victory that overcomes evil spiritual
powers that result to poverty in the African societies. Poverty eradication
theology assumes that every Christian has a right to be liberated from poverty.
It assumes that God will make every Christian rich at their own time;
Christians are only expected to do the right things while they leave the rest to
God.
It assumes that poverty is an indication of being disobedient to the
word of God, particularly in the area of tithing and giving in the Church. This
is a theology that would bring glory to the affected communities. Theology of
poverty reduction is concerned with one’s own glory instead of the whole
community. Although this is a theology of development, it deviates from
liberation theology in that it creates a unique utopia. This theology is very
conspicuous in African preaching, which makes it a priority that is prominent
in Africa and it emerges as a distinct type of theology in African Theology.
However, it is important to note that early missionary theology
eulogized the necessity of faith in Jesus Christ as the only way to heaven and
also tends to neglect this present world context. Such a theology tends to be
individualistic and other-worldly. Salvation is for the individual who trusted
in Jesus Christ. And for these individuals, the kingdom of God is the church.
Therefore, Christians were not to be involved in politics and in wealth
accumulation since these were worldly desires.
In contrast to early missionary theology of heaven, African Theology
is now much more interested in this world. Contemporary African Theology
has prioritized poverty reduction by putting the Gospel into the modern
context of poverty, suffering, unemployment, and disease eradication. African
poverty reduction theology argues that Jesus Christ is the answer to these
problems, but hard work must accompany the gospel. It is thus necessary to
believe that faith in Jesus is not only for one’s personal Salvation, but also for
living a good life here on earth. Faith in Jesus will guarantee eternal life in
heaven and prosperity here on earth. It will provide solutions to our problems
on this earth.
Poverty reduction theology teaches the reality of the spirit world and
it demonstrates the reality of good and bad spirits in African thought today.
This new poverty reduction theology is an indigenous form of African

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Theology, which is non-formal. It is an African contextualized theology that

is distinct from other African theologies. In 1992, President Yoweri K
Museveni of Uganda in his book, What Is Africa’s Problem?, discusses five
major problems as the root cause of the continent’s distress which should
guide a theological reflection in Africa today. These includes bad politics and
politicians; communication difficulties; an easier environmental condition that
leads to idleness; lack of aggressiveness in business; and foreign domination,
especially in the economy.

Challenges Confronting African Theology Today

1. African theology has remained largely in the academy, and African
believers are still divided on which practices to adopt and Africanize in spite
of the increasing number of Christians in Africa. A contextualized African-
theology is needed to establish continuity between African traditional life and
the new found faith. The task of African theology is to help fulfill their African
sense of humanity.
2. The African continent has a history that is largely tragic, including
socio-political, economic, and religious chaos, which remains a challenge to
African faith. Bad governance and manipulation of ethnic and religious
differences have resulted into worse poverty for the Africans. Many African
Christians have been cheated and misled, leaving them confused, discouraged,
and betrayed.
3. Critical evaluation of African Theology portrays Africa as sick,
starved, bleeding, and crippled both economically and spiritually. Reports
indicate that Africa has suffered active conflict and human rights abuse. There
are diverse problems that need to be tackled by leaders called for the purpose
of reconstruction theology in African society.
4. The African church is finding itself in the middle of a multi-religious
society. Though Christianity is still the majority religion in Africa, the African
church will need to find answers regarding its position towards other religions.
5. Africanization is an urgent priority in the life of African Churches, for
the firm rooting of the Gospel in Africa. This makes evangelization to be a
path towards a holistic growth rather than a spiritual gospel that does not take
care of the African problems. This is one of the greatest challenges for the
Church on the continent on the eve of the third millennium.
6. The Church places a lot of emphasis on the role of the family in
evangelization. However, stable families are dependent on rich cultural values
and identity which are handed over from generation to generation. The African
Theology faces great challenges in this area from the intrusive nature of
modern means of communication (internet and social media).
7. The Church in Africa feels specially called to intervene positively in
order to help bring about the establishment of the rule of law and democratic

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processes. With political conflicts endlessly ravaging Africa, hampering social

development in the process, African theologians are required to go beyond
academic theology, and then begin to reflect on the faith of the people, and to
examine its foundations. In such a case, African theologians are called to
redefine the priorities of African Theology in order to take up these challenges.

Redefining Priorities in African Theology

What is required in African theology today is how to bridge the gap
between Christian professionals and Christian believers in Africa. However,
this can only be bridged by an effective African theological dialogue within
and without the continent. African Theologians needs to come together and
formulate an authentic African theological discourse to ensure that African
Religion has regained its position in Africa in order to engage a proper
dialogue with biblical content and biblical models of life. The essence of a
theology of dialogue and consultation would be an expression of what God
commands to be taught, whom he commands to teach, how he commands the
teaching to be carried out, and what would be the context of that teaching.
The objectives of the dialogue would be the clear understanding of the
principles of Christian life in the Bible in relation to the African traditional
Religion’s conviction of sin and repentance. The goals of consultation in
African Theology would be a theology fully transformed into a level playing
ground, where no religion is condemned but listed in order to produce Christ-
like lifestyles for the African people. This is possible in Africa when a
theological consultation is contextualized, and the method of teaching
theology engages Africans in their own contexts. The consultation would
produce a contextualized theology in Africa which then would be
communicated through contextualized dialogues within African societies.
Therefore, the essence of an authentic African theological consultation
has three major roles:
1. A dialogue that protects the Bible against academics minds that are
destructive to the authenticity of the Holy Scriptures in order to allow a
dialogue that does more than just authentically communicating the story of
Jesus. This has to be done through a theological consultation that considers
the context in which the Bible texts were written; the Historical Jesus and the
Jesus of Faith; the African church's issues and how to keep alive the Memories
of those gone before us. This would simply mean a theology that helps prevent
African society from falling into the trap of utopia religion in the name of
following Christ. African theology has to be mindful of its past failings to
communicate its ideals to the ordinary readers of the Bible. It is the role of
theological reflections in the society to constantly challenge its members to
live better. Any theological consultation has to avoid the very human tendency
of letting theology become a justification for static social order that preaches

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values, but does not challenge people to live them out. Thus, African
theologians must be a guardian of true religion and should not allow it to
become complacent. Both context and subtext of theology presume certain
social, economic, and political values.
2. African Theological consultations have to challenge African
Christians to live their faith authentically based on their cultural, social, and
political context.
3. African theological dialogue is a methodology in which theological
reflection takes place. African theology is political in the sense that it assumes
and promotes a vision of African political, economic and social life, a notion
of the fully human life, and the concrete social and economic tools to sustain
this life.
African theological consultations guard against theologians who pull a
trick of cunning, winning in theory or in advance, as if Christianity gets us off
the hook of acting in the world. Some theologians wrote about how people
ought to live their lives without really living life themselves. African
theological consultation is critical to those who take the articles of faith and
develop them rationally within their minds, instead of seeing how they should
be lived out in the current African context.
African Theologians usually connect with the suffering of the African
people, making theology to feel the claim of the relatively deprived members
of the society within its own technical theological discourse. In other words,
African theology runs the race. Through this way, African theologians live up
to the task of theological consultation exhortation of giving an account of the
hope that is in Christian theology.

Conclusion
It is urgent that African theological consultation has to re-build the
African cultural, economical, social, and political ruins from the destroyed
infrastructures to broken societies. This is the task of this consultative
theological discourse taking place in this conference of African theologians.
It is our view that African theology, like other theologies, predominantly
remains an intellectual exercise. It is a theology of theologians, by theologians,
for theologians'. It is this kind of consultations that will make it a theology of
the Africans, by the Africans, for the Africans'.
Thus, we believe that the task of African theological consultation today
is to initiate a new perspective that can transform the social life, and to initiate
a discipleship of equals and the eradication of mass poverty in the African
continent. This helps African Christians to build an open society, which meets
the needs of Africans and restores African humanity. This is the theology of
responsibility in an African perspective.

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An African theology of responsibility is the fruit of a genuine

experience of God in Jesus Christ. It leads to a new life for others, and invites
the faithful to assume responsibility for evangelization.
The African Christian theology of responsibility wants to strengthen
the motivation of the poor to share and to care for one another in Small
Christian Communities, with their eyes fixed on Jesus Christ. Their faith in
him brings them to do justice. In a continent plagued with mass poverty, bad
governance and Afro-pessimism, the Church as the family of God remains the
anchor of hope. Hence, it ought to present a genuine experience of God to the
people of Africa, children, women and men.

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