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    Normalization of Database

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    Rupesh Patra
    Database normalization is a technique to organize data in a database by removing redundancy and anomalies. It involves decomposing tables and putting data in tabular form without duplicated data. Normalization occurs in multiple forms - first normal form removes non-atomic values and ensures columns have unique names, second normal form removes partial dependencies, and third normal form removes transitive dependencies. Higher normal forms like BCNF and 4NF address additional types of anomalies and dependencies.

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    Normalization of Database

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Patra
    33 views3 pages
    Database normalization is a technique to organize data in a database by removing redundancy and anomalies. It involves decomposing tables and putting data in tabular form without duplicated data. Normalization occurs in multiple forms - first normal form removes non-atomic values and ensures columns have unique names, second normal form removes partial dependencies, and third normal form removes transitive dependencies. Higher normal forms like BCNF and 4NF address additional types of anomalies and dependencies.

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    Database normalization is a technique to organize data in a database by removing redundancy and anomalies. It involves decomposing tables and putting data in tabular form without duplicated data. Normalization occurs in multiple forms - first normal form removes non-atomic values and ensures columns have unique names, second normal form removes partial dependencies, and third normal form removes transitive dependencies. Higher normal forms like BCNF and 4NF address additional types of anomalies and dependencies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    33 views3 pages

    Normalization of Database

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Patra
    Database normalization is a technique to organize data in a database by removing redundancy and anomalies. It involves decomposing tables and putting data in tabular form without duplicated data. Normalization occurs in multiple forms - first normal form removes non-atomic values and ensures columns have unique names, second normal form removes partial dependencies, and third normal form removes transitive dependencies. Higher normal forms like BCNF and 4NF address additional types of anomalies and dependencies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Normalization of Database

    Database Normalization is a technique of organizing the data in the


    database. Normalization is a systematic approach of decomposing
    tables to eliminate data redundancy(repetition) and undesirable
    characteristics like Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies. It is a
    multi-step process that puts data into tabular form, removing
    duplicated data from the relation tables.

    Normalization is used for mainly two purposes,

     Eliminating redundant(useless) data.

     Ensuring data dependencies make sense i.e data is logically


    stored.

    If a table is not properly normalized and have data redundancy then


    it will not only eat up extra memory space but will also make it
    difficult to handle and update the database, without facing data
    loss. Insertion, Updation and Deletion Anomalies are very frequent if
    database is not normalized. 

    Insertion Anomaly
    Suppose for a new admission, until and unless a student opts for a
    branch, data of the student cannot be inserted, or else we will have
    to set the branch information as NULL.

    Updation Anomaly
    What if Mr. X leaves the college? or is no longer the HOD of
    computer science department? In that case all the student records
    will have to be updated, and if by mistake we miss any record, it will
    lead to data inconsistency. This is Updation anomaly.
    Deletion Anomaly
    In our Student table, two different informations are kept together,
    Student information and Branch information. Hence, at the end of
    the academic year, if student records are deleted, we will also lose
    the branch information. This is Deletion anomaly.

    Normalization Rule

    Normalization rules are divided into the following normal forms:

    1. First Normal Form

    2. Second Normal Form

    3. Third Normal Form

    4. BCNF

    5. Fourth Normal Form

    For a table to be in the First Normal Form, it should follow the


    following 4 rules:

    1. It should only have single(atomic) valued attributes/columns.

    2. Values stored in a column should be of the same domain

    3. All the columns in a table should have unique names.

    4. And the order in which data is stored, does not matter.

    Second Normal Form (2NF)

    For a table to be in the Second Normal Form,

    1. It should be in the First Normal form.

    2. And, it should not have Partial Dependency.


    Third Normal Form (3NF)

    A table is said to be in the Third Normal Form when,

    1. It is in the Second Normal form.

    2. And, it doesn't have Transitive Dependency.

    Boyce and Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

    Boyce and Codd Normal Form is a higher version of the Third


    Normal form. This form deals with certain type of anomaly that is
    not handled by 3NF. A 3NF table which does not have multiple
    overlapping candidate keys is said to be in BCNF. For a table to be
    in BCNF, following conditions must be satisfied:

     R must be in 3rd Normal Form

     and, for each functional dependency ( X → Y ), X should be a


    super Key.

    Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

    A table is said to be in the Fourth Normal Form when,

    1. It is in the Boyce-Codd Normal Form.

    2. And, it doesn't have Multi-Valued Dependency.

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