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    Distillation: University of Basrah College of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

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    The document discusses distillation and how it is used to separate mixtures into individual components. It defines distillation and describes how binary mixtures are distilled. Key factors that influence binary distillation design are also outlined.

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    Distillation: University of Basrah College of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

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    نزار الدهامي
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    The document discusses distillation and how it is used to separate mixtures into individual components. It defines distillation and describes how binary mixtures are distilled. Key factors that influence binary distillation design are also outlined.

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    The document discusses distillation and how it is used to separate mixtures into individual components. It defines distillation and describes how binary mixtures are distilled. Key factors that influence binary distillation design are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views31 pages

    Distillation: University of Basrah College of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

    Uploaded by

    نزار الدهامي
    The document discusses distillation and how it is used to separate mixtures into individual components. It defines distillation and describes how binary mixtures are distilled. Key factors that influence binary distillation design are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr.

    RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

    University of Basrah
    College of Engineering
    Chemical Engineering Department

    Distillation
    By

    Ass.prof . Dr. Rusul Naseer Mohammed

    Third year B.Sc ( 2020- 2021)


    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

    1 . Definition
    In distillation (fractionation), a feed mixture of two or more component is separated into two or more
    products, including, and often limited to an overhead distillate and a bottoms, whose compositions differ from
    that of the feed. Most often, the feed is a liquid or vapor – liquid mixture. The bottoms products is almost
    always a liquid, but the distillate may be a liquid or a vapor or both. The separation requires that (1) a second
    phase be formed so that both liquid and vapor phases are present and can contact each other on each stage
    within a separation column, (2) the components have different volatilities so that they will partition between
    the two phases to different extents, and (3) the two phases can be separated by gravity or other mechanical
    means. Distillation differs from absorption and stripping in that the second phase is created by thermal means
    (vaporization and condensation) rather than by the introduction of a second phase that usually contains an
    additional component or component not present in the feed mixture.

    A- Distillation of binary mixtures

    Binary Mixture: mixture contains only two components differ in boiling point. Equipment and Design
    Consideration Industrial distillation operations are most commonly conducted in trayed towers, but packed
    columns are finding increasing use. Occasionally, distillation columns contain both trays and packing. Types
    of trays and packing are identical to those used for absorption and stripping.
    A schematic diagram for the distillation column for binary mixture is presented below.

    Factors that influence the design or analysis of a binary distillation operation include:
    1. Feed flow rate, composition, temperature, pressure, and phase condition.
    2. Desired degree of separation between two components.
    3. Operating pressure (which must be below the critical pressure of the mixture).
    4. Vapor pressure drop, particularly for vacuum operation.
    5. Minimum reflux ratio and actual reflux ratio.
    6. Minimum number of equilibrium stages and actual number of equilibrium stages (stage
    efficiency).
    7. Type of condenser (total, partial, or mixed).
    8. Degree of sub-cooling, if any, of the liquid reflux.
    9. Type of re-boiler (partial or total).
    10. Type of contacting (trays or packing or both).
    11. Height of the column.
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

    Equilibrium Relationships
    Experimental data have been published for several thousand binary and many multicomponent Systems.
    The equilibrium relationship between yA and xA can be obtained by two methods either in terms of the
    relative volatility (αAB), or using the vapor pressure.
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

    Example (1)
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED
    Distillation UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH Dr. RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

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