SDG 4 Quality Education Countries With The Best Education System 1. Japan

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SDG 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

COUNTRIES WITH THE BEST EDUCATION SYSTEM

1. JAPAN
Type of Education System:
 Nursery school from 3 to 6 years old
 Elementary school from 6 to 12 years old
 Middle school from 12 to 15 years old
 High school from 15 to 18 years old
 College 2 to 4 years of duration

Best Practices:

 Manners before knowledge.


 Most Japanese schools do not employ janitors / custodians.
 School life is packed. Students attend classes from Monday to Friday, with
additional half days every two Saturdays for their juku class or school clubs.
 Apart from traditional subjects, Japanese students also learn Japanese
calligraphy and poetry.

2. FINLAND
Type of Education System:
 Early childhood education and care
 Pre-primary education
 Basic education
 General upper secondary education
 Vocational education
 Higher education
 Adult education

Best Practices:

 No standardized testing.
 Accountability for teachers (not required)
 Cooperation not competition.
 Starting school at an older age
 Providing professional options past a
 traditional college degree.
 Consistent instruction from the same
teachers.
 Less homework and outside work
required.

3. SINGAPORE
Type of Education System:
 Primary
 Secondary
 College/Universities

Best Practices:

 Early childhood education.


 Differentiated learning pathways.
 Precise education goals.
 Accountable systems
 Conducive culture
 Curriculum focuses on teaching specific subjects and problem-solving skills.
 Education is a priority in economic development.
COUNTRIES WITH THE WORST EDUCATION SYSTEM

1. NIGER
Type of Education System:
 Primary school
 Secondary education system
 College / Universities

Problems or challenges:

 Lack of schools
 Corruption
 Lack of supports and opportunities
 Low budget allocation by the government to the Education sector.
 Poverty
 High adult Illiteracy

2. MALI
Type of Education System:
 Primary education
 Secondary education system
 College / Universities

Problems or challenges:

 Lack of schools
 Corruption
 Lack of supports and opportunities
 Low budget allocation by the government to the Education sector.
 Poverty
 High adult Illiteracy
3. PAKISTAN
Type of Education System:
 Preschool from 3 to 5 years old
 Primary education (grade one until five)
 Middle education (grade six until eight)
 Higher education (grade nine until ten)
 Intermediate education (grade eleven until twelve)
 College / Universities

Problems or challenges

 Lack of teacher quality.


 Defective examination system.
 Lack of supports and opportunities.
 Low budget allocation by the government to the Education sector.
 Directionless education.
 High scale dropout.
 Lack of implementation of education policies.
 Lack of facilities.
Top 3 Issues or Problems in the Philippine Educational System

1. Deteriorating Quality of Education


Probably the biggest problem in the educational system of the Philippines is the
quality of education it offers. In the year 2014, the student's performance in both the NAT
and NCAE was excessively below the target mean score. This is added with stagnant
low completion rates and half-baked graduates who later become part of the nation’s
educated unemployed. All these are indications of the poor quality of education here in
the Philippines.

SOLUTION:
Ameliorating the quality of education in the Philippines will surely take a long
time. However, forming the correct starting point of how to improve the quality of
education is essential in its development. For us, the best first step is to get proper help
from people with power or the government. They can make laws pertaining to the
educational problems we face, change the educational system if needed, and have the
capability to fund and allocate the right amount of budget to help improve the facilities,
equipment, and other poor necessities that contribute to the deteriorating quality of
education here in the Philippines. If we make a government that provides utmost priority
to the educational system of our country, then slowly those causes will eradicate thus
improves the quality of education. That is why, as a reminder to the Filipino citizens, vote
wisely.

2. Lack of Facilities and Teacher Shortage in Public Schools


There are large-scale shortages of facilities across Philippine public schools
which include classrooms, textbooks, audio-video materials, teachers, and more. The
shortage of these necessities affects the overall quality of education and is currently a
major issue in Philippine education.

SOLUTION:
This problem relates to financial solutions for it to be solved. We as a part of the
community can donate to certain schools that are in great need of those facilities
mentioned. However, we can only help those we can cover. The majority of public
schools are still in need of those facilities. Not to mention the lack of teachers in which
we as citizens can hardly help solve the issue. That is why, with relation to our tangible
solution to problem number 1, the best way to eradicate this problem is through help
from the government. The government with all of its agencies can reach out to all public
schools nationwide, to help provide the needed facilities and equipment. They can also
increase the wage of teachers in public schools which is one main reason why there are
no longer many students who choose a career in teaching and why fresh graduate
educators choose private sectors since they have a much better wage than that of the
public ones. Our best help in aiding this problem is to choose the right people to be part
of the government. To which they address nationwide issues like our education, to their
topmost priority.
3. Mismatch
There is a significant misalignment between professional preparation and real
work requirements. This is a major problem at the tertiary level, and it is also the reason
for the continued unemployment or underemployment of a large number of skilled
individuals or graduates in the Philippines.

SOLUTION:
To resolve this issue, it is proposed that business and industry leaders participate
actively in higher education. Furthermore, a selective enrollment strategy should be
implemented, with measures in place to limit enrolment in oversubscribed programs
while promoting enrolment in those that are undersubscribed. Furthermore, schools
should hone students according to the standards of real-life jobs and qualifications. This
will greatly help shorten the gap between educational training and actual jobs.

SDG 5 GENDER EQUALITY

When persons of all genders have equal rights, duties, and opportunities, this is referred
to as gender equality. Gender inequality has an impact on everyone, including women, men,
trans and gender diverse persons, children, and families. It affects people of all ages and from
all walks of life. We urgently require gender equality. Gender equality protects women and girls
from abuse. It is necessary for economic growth. Women and men are valued equally in
societies that are safer and healthier. Equality between men and women is a fundamental
human right. Gender equality benefits everyone.

COUNTRIES THAT PRACTICE GENDER EQUALITY

ICELAND

 Women’s Equality Is Literally Protected by Law


The Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men is the reason gender
equality is a hallmark of Icelandic culture. The law, established in 2000, was revamped in
2008 with the overarching goal of reaching equal rights through all paradigms of society.
This law includes information on gender equality for government and businesses to follow.
Within the law there are nine defined areas of gender discrimination. It identifies
differences between indirect and direct gender discrimination, acknowledges gaps in
wages, and recognizes that gender-based violence is detrimental to society. The law
draws out a roadmap to achieving gender equality, even including language on changing
negative gender stereotypes. Within the law are 35 articles outlining specific policies on
everything from outlawing gender discrimination in schoolbooks and the workplace to
buying goods and services.

 From Preschool to College, Kids Learn Gender Equality Matters


After kids grow up with equal time from parents, gender equality lessons don’t stop. Article
23 of the Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men mandates that gender
equality must be taught in schools throughout all levels of education. That means from
early education through university, which is free, all sports, classes, and forms of
schooling must include and practice gender equality. Iceland has no time for sexist books
or assignments either. The law states: “educational materials and textbooks shall be
designed in such a way as not to discriminate against either sex.” So you would never see
an assignment, like the school in Utah, which forced girls to go on dates with male
classmates, telling girls to “keep it to yourself” if they feel fat.

LAWS REGARDING GENDER EQUALITY

 Icelandic Act on Maternity/Paternity and Parental Leave. The law itself was amended in
2006 increasing parental leave fromw six to nine months. The government covers parental
leave for birth, adoption, and foster care for all employees in Iceland, even those who are
self-employed paying 80% of earned salary to ne parents. Parents split the time of leave
equally to ensure children grow up with equal care from both parents, and workplaces are
balanced. The policy is truly the gold standard of parental care.

 Article 15 of the Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men states that no
public company board or government council or committee may have less than 40%
gender equality. The law also states that any company with more than 25 employees must
have a gender equality program in place, which will review goals every three years.
 Article 23 of the Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men mandates that
gender equality must be taught in schools throughout all levels of education. That means
from early education through university, which is free, all sports, classes, and forms of
schooling must include and practice gender equality. Iceland has no time for sexist books
or assignments either.

NORWAY

 All women and men are given opportunities to have equal employment
 Women and men shall have equal right to education

LAWS REGARDING GENDER EQUALITY

Act no 45 of June 9th 1978 on Gender Equality

 This Act shall promote equal status between the sexes and aims in particular at
improving the position of women.
 Public authorities shall promote gender equality in all sectors of society.
 Women and men shall be given equal opportunities in education, employment and
cultural and professional advancement.

FINLAND

 Finland led-leaders consists about 40% women


 Equal access of education and health to both women and men

LAWS REGARDING GENDER EQUALITY

 Finnish Equality Act is to promote gender equality and to prevent discrimination


based on gender, gender identity or expression of gender.

References

https://www.vic.gov.au/gender-equality-what-it-and-why-do-we-need-it

https://www.globalcitizen.org/es/content/7-iceland-feminist-law-women/?template=next

COUNTRIES NOT PRACTICING GENDER EQUALITY

Yemen

GOVERNMENT LAWS AND BILL: The Personal Status Law contravenes parts of the
Convention on Eliminating All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), by stating
that women are required to provide sexual access to her husband, basically permitting rape
within a marriage. Women in parliament: 0.7% (2013) Women in labour force: 25.2% (2012)
PRACTICES SHOWING GENDER INEQUALITY

Child Marriage

Violence against Women

Congo (democratic republic)

GOVERNMENT LAWS AND BILL: GENDER INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN


THE DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) makes obvious the existing persistence gender
imbalance in all the domains of economic, social, cultural and political development. Congolese
women constitute 53% of the DRC population: their visibility and contribution to food security for
the survival and running of the Congolese society is undeniable and internationally recognized.
Furthermore, in the DRC, the situation of gender-based violence; particularly domestic violence
on women and young girls is very worrying.
PRACTICES SHOWING GENDER INEQUALITY

Raped and sexual violence against women and children


Low-position women in parliament

Saudi Arabia

GOVERNMENT LAWS AND BILL: Saudi Arabia has both capital and corporal punishment for a
wide variety of offences. Execution via beheading is the punishment for murder, rape, drug
trafficking, sodomy, armed robbery, apostasy and certain other offences. Women cannot marry,
travel, or access higher education. All women are also banned from driving and generally must
be segregated from men in public areas.

PRACTICES SHOWING GENDER INEQUALITY

Domestic violence
Rape against women and domestic people

2. Gender Equality in the Labor Market in the Philippines

The Gender Equality in the Labor Market in the Philippines report from the Asian
Development Bank documents the nature and extent of gender inequalities in the Filipino
labour market. The report also shares promising initiatives that have been developed to
counter gender discrimination and promote equality for working men and women through
legislation and social and economic policies to reverse the unequal labour market outcomes
for women.

This report is drawn from studies by the Asian Development Bank for on promoting gender
equality in Asian labour markets for inclusive growth, implemented in cooperation with the
International Labour Office, Bangkok. It comprises a gendered analysis of the Philippines’
labour market, policies, and legislation, and provides recommendations for policies and
legislation that have the potential to expand or improve employment and work opportunities
for women in specific sectors in the Philippines.

The report provides a summary of findings and recommendations that are specifically
relevant for the Philippines from an analysis of gender equality and the labour markets in
Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines, and two global good practice reviews: one on
social and economic policy and the other on legislation.

 Key mechanisms for attaining inclusive growth for women requires expanding
employment opportunities and decent work outcomes for women to promote gender
equality in labour markets. Economic growth in the Philippines, however, has not
translated into sufficient employment growth and the employment growth has not been
inclusive for women.
 Generally speaking, there has been little improvement in gender equality in the labour
market, as measured by the share of women in waged employment in the non-
agriculture sector. In the Philippines, the estimated proportion of women’s annual
earnings to men’s annual earnings stands at less than 60%.
 However, employment growth alone is not sufficient to judge whether there is inclusive
growth, especially in low-income countries where there is significant underemployment
and a large informal employment sector. Gender inequality in the labour market is
ascertained here by reference to seven gender gaps (or deficits for women):
o labour force participation,
o human capital,
o the unpaid domestic and care work burden,
o vulnerable employment,
o wage employment,
o decent work, and
o social protection.
 Despite a variety of gender-responsive legal and policy initiatives, an assessment of the
labour market in the Philippines reveals that although some gender gaps have been
reduced, women still suffer from persistent gender deficits.
 Some progress has been made in reducing the gender gap between men and women in
the labour force participation rate, which now stands at 29 percentage points. The lower
labour force participation rate of women, compared to that of men, represents an
underutilisation of women’s labour in the paid labour market which arises from inferior
employment and decent work opportunities, human capital differences, and unpaid
domestic labour and care constraints.
 A gender gap in human capital reflects gender segregation in the types of training and
education available to women which may constrain their labour force participation. The
Philippines has achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education, but there
are still qualitative differences due to gendered segregation in the types of training and
tertiary education.

Solution:

It is the duty of the government to create a law or an amendment of the labor code of the
Philippines to cater the needs of the women workers.

Existing Movement:

Addressing the constraints of women, removing the barriers and harnessing their potentials are
seen as key to achieving lasting and sustainable growth. Thus, it is essential for the Philippine
Commission on Women to build strategic partnership with key economic agencies and other
relevant groups and institutions from private and non-government to collaborate and provide a
business environment for advancing women’s economic empowerment.

Suffrage Movement

The women's suffrage movement in the Philippines was one of the first, major occasions on
which women grouped together politically. It was also one of the first women's rights
movements, and endeavored to attain the right for women to vote and run for office. Many
Filipino men were opposed to the idea, and held fast to the traditional view that a woman's place
was cooking, cleaning and child rearing in the home. The males of this perspective were
primarily concerned that the familial dynamic would destabilize if women were to formally step
outside their customary role.

However, not all Filipino men were opposed to the movement. Congressman Filemon Sotto of
Cebu filed the first women's suffrage bill at the 1907 Philippine Assembly. From there on,
various suffrage bills were sponsored by several prominent men in society including;
Assemblyman Melecio Severino of Negros Occidental in 1912, Mariano Cuenco of Cebu in
1916, and various assemblymen from Bulacan, Laguna and Tomas Luna in 1918. None of
these bills succeeded. It was not until 1936 that the climate for women's suffrage shifted
propitiously for women.

Solution:

Help people understand the right to suffrage regardless of what gender you have. It is the right
of every Filipino to vote for their candidates since this is a democratic country.

Existing Movement:

President Manuel L. Quezon declared his favour towards the suffragette movement in a speech
delivered at Malacanang Palace in Manila on September 30, 1936. President Quezon, having
signed the Woman's Suffrage Plebiscite Bill, held that, “…it is essential and even imperative that
the right to vote be granted to Filipino women if they are not to be treated as mere slaves” and
that, for women, it was “…their opportunity to wield a very important weapon to defend their
right to secure for themselves and those to follow them their well-being and happiness.” Under
the 1934 Constitution of the Philippines, Article V held that women were to gain suffrage
provided 300,000 women would affirm the same desire at the ballot.

On September 17, 1937, women's suffrage was legalized in the Philippines, after the required
threshold for the plebiscite of 300,000 was surpassed. 447,725 women affirmed their aspiration
to vote, against 33,307 no votes. The Philippines was one of the first Asian countries to allow
this right for women.

Enacting an Anti-Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law

Persons with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) experience abuse and
violence (ranging from subtle jokes to extreme forms of stigma and assault) from their families,
neighbors, educational/training institutions and even from government institutions.1

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people also experience lost economic
opportunities due to discrimination in employment such as being required to wear clothes
according to their sex-assigned at birth as condition for hiring and outright refusal to hire
applicants on the ground of their SOGI.

Prejudicial attitudes of some law enforcers and service providers towards LGBT people deter
them from reporting cases of abuse and violence committed against them. One documented
case of a transgender woman who was sexually abused by a relative when she was eight-years
old narrated that the judge who was hearing the case questioned her and said that maybe she
showed motives that prompted the assault.2 In yet another case, the police told a transwoman
victim of gang rape that she should be thankful for being raped by men who otherwise should
not give attention to people like her.3

Around the world, LGBTs are at high risk of suicide which is linked with their experiences of
being rejected and discriminated based on their gender identity. The stigma that LGBTs face in
everyday life takes a toll on their mental and physical well-being. A study done in Cambodia
reveals that SOGI-based bullying in schools has resulted in reduced school attendance,
dropout, damaged academic achievement and performance. The study also established that
long-term bullying is a major contributory factor to depression, anxiety, loss of confidence,
withdrawal, social isolations, self-harm and suicidal tendencies among the victims.4

The lack of a national policy as legal basis to address these discriminatory practices leaves the
LGBTs with no recourse for redress. This results to continued violations of LGBTs human rights
by private as well as public institutions and individuals.

Solution:

Pass a law that protects the rights of every gender, may it be heterosexual or in the spectrum of
the LGBTQIA+ community. Everybody deserves to be respected.

Existing Movement:

Section 3 of Republic Act 9710 otherwise known as the Magna Carta of Women (MCW)
provides that “All individuals are equal as human beings by virtue of the inherent dignity of each
human person. No one should therefore suffer discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, gender,
age, language, sexual orientation, race, color, religion, political or other opinion, national, social
or geographical origin, disability, property, birth, or other status as established by human rights
standards.

The Philippine Constitution provides that “The State values the dignity of every person and
guarantees full respect for human rights” (Article II, Section 11). It also guarantees every person
the right to life, security of person and privacy, right to be free from torture, arbitrary arrest and
detention, the right to be free from discrimination and the right to freedom of expression, and the
right to organize associations (Article III, Section 1, 2, 4, 8, 12).

Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular No. 29-2010 prohibits discrimination against
LGBT people applying for civil service examinations. In addition, the CSC’s Revised Policies on
Merit and Promotion plan include a provision that inhibits discrimination in the selection of
employees based on various criteria including gender.
Recently, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) issued a Memorandum
respecting the right of persons of diverse SOGI to wear uniform of their preferred sexual
orientation and gender identity.5

In addition, Anti-Discrimination Ordinances that prohibit discrimination based on sexual


orientation and gender identity have been enacted in nineteen (19) LGUs, namely: Barangays
Bagbag, Lagro and Pansol in Quezon City, Angeles City in Pampanga, Antipolo City, Bacolod
City in Negros Occidental, Batangas City in Batangas, Candon City in Ilocos Sur, Cebu City,
Dagupan City in Pangasinan, Davao City, Mandaue City, Puerto Princesa, Quezon City, Vigan
City in Ilocos Sur, Municipality of San Julian in Eastern Samar, Province of Agusan del Norte,
Province of Batangas and Province of Cavite.

In the legal battle for gender equality, there have been cases that were ruled in favor of LGBTs
such as when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Ang Ladlad Partylist, declaring that the
LGBT sector deserves to participate in the party-list system on the same basis as other
marginalized and under-represented sectors.6

In another case, wherein the husband petitioned for the custody of his child with an estranged
wife whom the petitioner claimed was immoral on the grounds that the ex-wife had a lesbian
relationship, the Court decided in favor of the wife saying that “moral laxity alone does not prove
parental neglect or incompetence”.7
SDG 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

1. “Nearly 5 million people in the Philippines rely on unsafe and unsustainable water
sources and 9 million lack access to improve sanitation. Despite its growing economy,
The Philippines faces significant challenges in terms of water and sanitation access. The
country is rapidly urbanizing, and its growing cities struggle to provide new residents with
adequate water and sanitation services”

METRO MANILA

The water crisis in the Philippines is getting out of hand specifically in Manila.
Inadequate and intermittent water supply in Manila can have serious health consequences.
When water is scarce, people are often forced to rely on drinking water sources that may not be
safe.
Lack of sufficient water for basic hygiene to wash themselves and their clothes, and to
prevent infection including from foodborne and waterborne diseases. Low or negative water
pressure in pipes due to short supply can attract contaminants that will put water quality at risk
when the supply is restored.

Poor sanitation and contaminated water are also linked to transmission of diseases such
as cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A and typhoid. As a result, every year 361,000 children under 5
years die due to diarrhea.

Historically, considerations on the effects water pollution on health have focused on


waterborne illnesses. In the Philippines, the DOH (2000) stated that 770,000 cases of
waterborne illnesses are reported annually nationwide, making it one of the leading causes of
morbidity and mortality in the country.
SOLUTIONS

Due to inadequate and intermittent water supply, a new water conservation technology
innovation is needed in areas where aquifers are drying up and rainwater is increasingly
unpredictable.

Those areas where no reliable sources are present, a water catchment and harvesting
should be created or improved in order to provide independent water resource in the area

Due to contaminated water and poor sanitation, children’s lives are in risk. To fight or
lessen this problem, improvement of distribution infrastructure of water is needed. Other solution
also is the education or awareness. There are lots of information about how to conserve our
water but without being education about this, all those information are put in to waste.
2. ACTIVITIES THAT SAVE WATER

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