Workbook: Laboratory BIO32: Universiti Teknologi Mara (Uitm) Branch Sabah Campus Kota Kinabalu

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
Branch SABAH Campus KOTA KINABALU
BIO 320
Workbook: Laboratory BIO32
Student Name MIRZA KARMILA BT LAZIS@ALIZAS

Student ID 2019428458
Group A2
H/P Number 0133247561
Email Address [email protected]
Lecturer Name ANSIR SALIM
FOR
LECTURER U
SE ONLY
Session Mark
Lab 1 /10
Lab 2 /20
Lab 3 /20
Lab 4 /20
Lab 5 /30
Total /100
Laboratory Session 5 (Animalia)
1. Identify two types of body forms in Cnidaria and name the parts. (5 marks)
Body form A) Polyp

B) Medusa
Body part 1) Body Stalk
2) Mouth/anus
3)Tentacle
4) Gastrovascular cavity
5) Gastrodermis
6) Mesoglea
7) Epidermis
8) Mouth/anus
2. The four major classes of molluscs are Polyplacophora, Gastropoda,

Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda. With an example, state two (2) characteristics of
each class. (5 marks)
Class Example Characteristic

(Give common name and attach
picture)
Polyplacophora
1. Their body shape is oval with a
shell divided into 8 dorsal parts.
2. habitat is mainly in marine
ecosystem.
Gastropoda
1. Most gastropods have a single,
spiraled shell and their shell can
be in conical or flattened shape.
2. Many of them have a
prominent head with eyes at the
tip of tentacles.
Bivalvia
1. Bivalves have no distinct head,
and the radula organ is lost.
2. Most of them are suspension
feeders.
Cephalopoda
1. They use their tentacles to
grasp prey and their beak-like
jaws to inject and immobilizing
poison (ink sac).
2. Sense organ and brain are well
developed.
3. Define the following terms. (5 marks)
Term Definition
Septa Structure that serves as a dividing partition or a wall in between, such as
between two tissues or between two cavities.
Setae A chitinous bristle or stiff hair.
Hermaphroditic An organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both
gametes associated with male and female sexes during its lifetime.
Bilateral symmetry A basic body plan in which the left and right sides of the organism can be
divided into approximate mirror images of each other along the midline.
Closed circulatory A closed circulatory system is comprised of the heart that pumps blood into
system the vessels to reach the tissues and organs. The exchange of gases in the
bloodstream occurs between smaller vessels which is capillaries and tissues.
4. Complete the table below to study the characteristics of some classes in

Arthropoda. (5 marks)
Features Class Archnids Class Crustacea Class Insecta
Cephalothorax and Cephalothorax and Head, thorax, and

Name of body regions abdomen abdomen abdomen.
4 pair of legs per thorax All crustaceans have 5 3 pair of legs per thorax
Number of legs pair of appendages.
Uniramous Biramous Uniramous

Arrangement of legs
2 segmentations 2 segmentations 3 segmentations

Segmentation
None 2 pairs of antennae 1 pair

Number of antennae
Name of major sensory Pair of palps Eyes and statocysts Eyes, sensilla and ears.
organs
Name of major Chelicera and Pedipalp Mandibles, 2 pairs of Mandibles, maxillae

mouthparts maxillae
Spider Lobster Dragonfly

Give on example
5. By using this video [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8dTfJhGYJc ], explain the
general procedures in preparing wet specimen (10 marks).
1) Rinsing:
-The specimen may be rinsed thoroughly with clean tap water and
the body surface was brushed to remove dirt and superficial
impurities. This was done 2-3 times if required.
2) Injection/slitting:
-Lay the specimen onto a sheet of plastic or any non-absorbent
material. Then, make deep slits throughout the body of the specimen
(on main areas of focus such as muscles of the limbs, the tail, neck,
abdomen, and gaps between ribs) using a sharp blade or surgical
scalpel. Next, using a 10 or 20 cc syringe with a hypodermic needle, 10
percent formula of formalin was drawn to its full capacity and 2-5 mL
of the solution was injected each into the parts that were slitted
previously and in the abdomen and major muscles may be injected 5-
10 mL of solution. These steps are to ensure a thorough fixation and
preservation.
3) Fixation:
-This step is to arrest any decomposition and disintegration at the
cellular level, help maintain the structural integrity of the specimen
and permanently hardens the specimen. Fixation begins with
immersing the specimen completely into a large container filled with
fixative solution. Then cover the container tight to allow the fixative to
work its way for a couple of weeks (depends on size of specimen).
Along with that, the specimen was monitored to check for signs of
putrefaction.
4) Rinsing:
- After fixation, specimen was given a brief rinse using tap water to
remove the majority of the dirty formalin fixative.
5) Preservation & Display:

- An aquarium tank was filled about half a tank with a preservative
liquid. As for this final preservation, 8 or 10 percent formalin solution
was used. Then, gently lower the fixed and rinse the specimen into the
tank. Once the specimen is in place, top up the tank with formalin to
about two inches below the brim of the tank/until the specimen is
completely submerged. Gentle pressure may be applied repeatedly to
the specimen to allow the preservative to seep into the slits. Any air
bubbles formed were removed either by gently probing the surface of
the specimen with a stainless steel rod or by tapping the specimen
against the bottom of the tank. Then cover the tank with its lid by
temporary sealing or permanent sealing.
6) Labelling:
- Data on name, place, date and collector’s name are enough. Use
archival acid free paper and pigment-based inks to avoid labels
becoming faded or crumpled.

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

Branch SABAH Campus KOTA KINABALU

Workbook: Laboratory BIO32

Student Name MIRZA KARMILA BT LAZIS@ALIZAS

Body form A) Polyp

2. The four major classes of molluscs are Polyplacophora, Gastropoda,

Class Example Characteristic

Setae A chitinous bristle or stiff hair.

4. Complete the table below to study the characteristics of some classes in

Features Class Archnids Class Crustacea Class Insecta

Cephalothorax and Cephalothorax and Head, thorax, and

Uniramous Biramous Uniramous

2 segmentations 2 segmentations 3 segmentations

None 2 pairs of antennae 1 pair

Name of major Chelicera and Pedipalp Mandibles, 2 pairs of Mandibles, maxillae

Spider Lobster Dragonfly

5) Preservation & Display:

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