Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No.

of Pages : 2
P1000
[3725] - 31
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 701 : Immunology
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculators is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any one of the following: [16]

a) Describe polymorphism in Class I & Class II MHC molecules.
b) Enlist the key cells that may kill tumor cells. How do they destroy
tumor cells? Describe the central role of interferon in regulating tumor
cell killing.
c) Explain the kinetics of antigen antibody reactions.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain why individuals with phagocytic disorders frequently suffer
from bacterial infections.
b) Describe the occurrence of various immune system components in
Invertebrates.
c) Explain the regulation of classical complement pathway.

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the major immune-regulatory cells of our body. Explain their
role in immunoregulation.
b) Explain the signal transduction by TCR : CD 3 complex.
c) Describe the role of BRMs.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) SLE.
b) Alfa fetoprotein.
c) Mechanism of tolerance induction.
d) Western blotting.
e) Animal models for autoimmunity.

Q5) Given below is the actuarial curve showing survival times of skin grafts
between mice mismatched at the MHC and treated with anti-CD8 antibody
or anti-CD4 antibody or a combination of both antibodies. [16]

a) Give the mechanism of allograft rejection.

b) Explain the role of CD4 and or CD8 cells in rejection of allograft.
c) How allograft rejection is prevented?

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[3725]-31 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1001
[3725] - 32
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 702 : Molecular Biology - I
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculators is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following: [16]

a) How is higher order structure of chromatin formed?
b) Explain ATP dependent and ATP independent events in DNA
replication.
c) How mismatch repair of heteroduplex leads to gene conversion?

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) How DNA replication is connected to cell cycle in E.coli?
b) What are the characteristics of genetic code?
c) How Ras genes finely balanced at the edge of oncogenes?

Q3) Comment on any two of the following : [16]

a) Error proof DNA repair mechanism.
b) Tn 10 transposons.
c) C-value paradox.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Sangers Di-deoxynucleotide method.
b) Holliday Model of recombination.
c) Base excision repair.
d) Zinc motifs.
e) P53 Proteins.

Q5) Dr. Franklin Stein, a classical anatomist by training, has developed an interest
in genetic engineering and directed evolution. In a preliminary investigation
of specific amino acid conversions, he has been studying a protein of
unknown function from the bacteriophage λ. Using hydroxylamine, he
isolates a mutant a, which makes only a fragment of the wild type protein.
Upon treatment of mutant a, with 2-aminopurine, he is able to isolate two
additional mutants, b and c, which also make only fragments of the wild
type protein. Mutants a, b and c are nonviable on most of the bacterial
strains, but can be propagated and distinguished by their growth on suitable
nonsense-suppressing strains of bacteria as indicated in the following table.
When mutant a is mated to either mutant b or c, no recombinants that will
grow on an Su– host are produced. However, viable recombinants are
produced in a mating of mutants b and c.
What one amino acid difference exists between the protein from the wild
type bacteriophage and that from a variable recombinant from the mating
of mutants b and c?
Table : Growth of Three Bacteriophage Mutants on Non suppressing and
Suppressing Bacterial Strains. [16]
Su – Su2 Su4 Su9
Mutant a - - + -
Mutant b - + + -
Mutant c - - - +
Note : - : No growth; + : Growth

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[3725]-32 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 3
P1002
[3725] - 33
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 703 : Biophysics, Instrumentation and Bioinformatics
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculators is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following: [16]

a) Explain the principle behind protein gel electrophoresis. Differentiate
between native and SDS gel electrophoresis.
b) Explain the principle behind gel filtration chromatography. What will
be effect of column size on the separation of proteins? How can we
determine the molecular weight of the protein using gel filtration
chromatography?
c) Explain the working and applications of gas liquid chromatography.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain isomerism with respect to the structures of amino acids. Which
amino acid is an exception? Draw Fisher projection for an L-amino acid.
b) Describe the construction and working of MALDI TOF. Explain the
concept of time of flight.
c) What is nuclear resonance spectroscopy (NMR)? Explain the terms
Chemical Shift and Spin-spin coupling in NMR.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Explain neural networks method for protein secondary structure
determination.
b) Explain the dynamic programming method for pair wise sequence
alignment. How will you align two sequences ATTGC and AGGC if
the identical match is assigned a score of 1, mismatch a score 0 and
gap penalty is - 1?
c) What are scoring matrices? How do they help in finding similarity
between proteins?

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Anomalous scattering in X-ray diffraction.
b) Homology based protein structure determination.
c) Dynamic programming for sequence alignment.
d) Relative Centrifugal Force.
e) Pulse chase experiment.

Q5) Solve : [16]

a) A solution containing 10-5 M ATP has a transmission 70.2% at 260nm
in a 1 cm cuvette. Calculate the
i) Transmission of the solution in a 3cm cuvette.
ii) Absorbance of the solution in the 1cm and 3cm cuvettes and
iii) Absorbance and transmission of a 5 × 10-5M ATP solution in a
1cm cuvette.
b) You have a mixture of proteins with the following properties :
Protein 1 : MW 12,000, pI = 10
Protein 2 : MW 62,000, pI = 4
Protein 3 : MW 28,000, pI = 8
Protein 4 : MW 9,000, pI = 5

[3725]-33 2
 Predict the order of elution of these proteins when a mixture of four is
chromatographed in the following system :
i) DEAE cellulose at pH 7, with a linear salt gradient elution.
ii) CM cellulose at pH 7, with a linear salt gradient elution.
iii) A gel exclusion column with a fraction range of 1,000 - 30,000
MW at pH 7.

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[3725]-33 3
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 3
P1003
[3725] - 41
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 801 : Applied Microbial Biotechnology
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of logarithmic tables, electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Draw a flow chart and describe the commercial production of Tetracycline.
[16]
OR
Delineate the advantages using immobilized cells and enzymes for
overproduction of microbial metabolites. With suitable examples, explain
any two applications where immobilized enzymes are used.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the design of and flow characteristics produced by a Marine
propellor.
b) Explain the concept of ‘Reynolds Number’ and describe how it is
significant in a fermentation process.
c) Illustrate the concept of the 2-film theory of oxygen transfer to the cell
from the bubble during aeration of a fermentation broth.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Draw a flow-chart for microbial leaching of copper.
b) Explain the structure of the parasporal body of Bacillus thuringiensis
and the action of the endotoxin.
c) Draw and explain the construction of the DO probe.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Siderophores.
b) Use of Trichoderma in biocontrol.
c) Role of PGPPs in metal sequestration.
d) Power Number.
e) Advantages of synthetic vaccines.

Q5) The Table and graphs shown below gives the production of Lipase in shake
flasks, using different oils as substrates. [16]

[3725]-41 2
 Interprete the results and answer the following question :
1. Which would be the best substrate and medium composition (including
initial pH) for maximum production of Lipase? Give your reasons.

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[3725]-41 3
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1004
[3725] - 42
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 802 : Pharmaceutical Microbiology
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
4) All questions carry equal marks.
5) Use of the logarithmic electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Answer any one of the following : [16]

a) Explain the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a drug.
b) Explain the role of bioinformatics in the study of a drug.

Q2) Answer any two of the following : [16]

a) Write in brief about the phases of clinical trials for a drug.
b) What is the role of cheminformatics in the study of a drug?
c) Enlist FDA guidelines for evaluation of drug.

Q3) Answer any two of the following : [16]

a) How do the drugs interfere in the protein synthesis? Give the probable
reasons for the resistance developed in the cells.
b) How will you assay an antimicrobial in agar medium?
c) Explain briefly about the toxicity and allergy testing for new antibiotics.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on (any four) : [16]
a) Action of fusidic acid.
b) Nitrofurans.
c) Anti-viral agents.
d) Tolerability testing.
e) Adhesins.

Q5) Extract of aloe vera showed an excellent zone of inhibition against clinical
strains of Staphycoccus aureus. What will be your steps to assess this extract
before you actually try on human beings? Explain in detail. [16]

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[3725]-42 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1005
[3725] - 43
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 803 : Molecular Biology - II
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

Q1) Answer any two of the following : [16]

a) How does foot printing identify DNA binding sites for proteins?
b) Give structural features of prokaryotic ribosome.
c) Comment on : attenuation control in trp operon.

Q2) Justify any two of the following : [16]

a) Bacterial RNA polymerase is multimeric protein.
b) Cosmid is a better vector than a plasmid.
c) Pulse field gel electrophoresis is carried out for the DNA fragments
with M.W. > 20kb.

Q3) Schematically/diagrammatically represent any two of the following : [16]

a) Dual control of arabinose operon.
b) First two cycles in PCR.
c) Cloning of human insulin gene in E.coli.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Key features YAC.
b) Fluorochromes in RT-PCR.
c) Initiation factors in prokaryotic transcription.
d) Molecular basis of antibody diversity.
e) Probes used in molecular biology.

Q5) a) A gene encodes a polypeptide 30 amino acids long containing an

alternating sequences of phe (UUU) and tyr (UAC)
What are the sequences of nucleotides corresponding to this sequence
in the following :
i) The DNA strand that is read to produce the mRNA.
ii) The DNA strand that is not read.
iii) The anticodon on tRNA. [8]
b) You have analyzed a cell lysate for its RNA components by various
techniques. Following are the observations. Identify the type of
molecule that best fits the observation giving reasons.
Observation No. 1) A molecule with a short half life and
heterogenous M.W.
Observation No. 2) Molecules that form bands at distinct positions
after centrifugation
Observation No. 3) Molecules that form a diffused single band in
gel electrophoresis.
Observation No. 4) Molecules that form separate bands in gel
electrophoresis. [8]

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[3725]-43 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1006
[3725] - 101
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 501 : Microbial Diversity and Taxonomy
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Use of logarithmic tables and scientific calculator is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the unique salient features of Archaea important in their
taxonomy.
b) Explain the importance of lipid analysis in bacterial taxonomy.
c) Explain the various indices used to measure the microbial diversity.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the advantages of RNA homology analysis over other
conventional homology analysis in taxonomy.
b) Explain using block diagram the full-length approach to characterize
microorganisms without the need of cultivation.
c) Describe the use of scoring matrices and gap penalties in sequence
alignment.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Illustrate the major steps involved in rRNA sequencing to be applied
for taxonomic studies.
b) Explain the need and techniques of extracting total bacterial DNA from
a habitat.
c) Describe the proceedings involved in Needleman-Wunsch algorithm.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Protein profiles in taxonomy.
b) Chromosomal transfer as a tool in taxonomy.
c) Application of FISH in bacterial diversity.
d) Compare PSI-BLAST and PHI-BLAST.
e) Environmental clone libraries.

Q5) A water sample from a sulfur spring was analyzed for its bacterial content.
Microscopic observations indicated a bacterial load in the order of 106 cells/
ml. On examination by standard plating techniques on conventional nutrient
media, the viable counts obtained were in the order of 104 CFU/ml.
Explain the reason for the difference in count by these two methods.
Describe the method(s) by which this difference in count could be nullified.
[16]

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[3725]-101 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 4
P1007
[3725] - 102
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 502 : Quantitative Biology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Use of statistical tables and calculator is permitted.
5) Assume suitable data if needed.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the various measures of central tendency. State merits and
demerits of arithmetic mean.
b) In a survey of 198 farmers the following data was obtained.
Land Owned Awareness
Low Medium High
High (>5h) 40 12 10
Medium (1h - 5h) 22 10 14
Low (<1h) 22 26 42
Test of the association of the extent of land owned with the awareness.
Use 5% level of significance.
c) Following are the figures recorded for supply and price for nine years
of a commodity. Obtain the regression equation of price on supply.
Years 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Supply 80 82 86 91 83 85 89 86 92
Price 145 140 130 124 133 127 120 110 114

Also estimate the most likely price when supply is 90.

P.T.O.
Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Define the following terms :
i) Type 1 error.
ii) Level of significance.
iii) Null hypothesis.
iv) Standard error.
b) The dissolved oxygen of water of a river connected by an effluent
channel of a caustic chlorine was measured at 3 different stations. First
station was situated at a distance of 250m upstream, second station at
the region of confluence of the effluent channel and the third at a
distance of 250m downstream. The results are shown as mg of O2 per
liter of water.
Location of stations along the river
I II III
Upstream Middle Zone Downstream
5.2 3.8 4.8
4.9 3.3 4.9
5.3 3.5 4.7
4.8 3.7 5
5.1 4 5.1
Perform an analysis of variance to show whether there are significant
differences in the dissolved O2 of the river water at the 3 stations. Use
1% level of significance.
c) If the capacities of the cranial cavities of a certain population are
approximately normally distributed with a mean of 1400 cc and a
standard deviation of 125, find the probability that a person randomly
picked from this population will have a cranial cavity capacity :
i) Greater than 1450 cc.
ii) Less than 1350 cc.
iii) Between 1300 cc and 1500 cc.

[3725]-102 2
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Write short note on the following :
i) Correlation.
ii) Binomial distribution.
b) Grain lengths of two varieties of rice are given below. Calculate the
mean and coefficient of variation of grain length of the two varieties.
Which variety is more consistent? Why?
Variety A Variety B
Grain Length No. of Grain Length No. of Grains
mm Grains mm
8-10 4 8-10 1
11-13 6 11-13 3
14-16 5 14-16 2
17-19 3 17-19 4
20-22 2 20-22 3
c) i) Draw a frequency polygon for the following data :
Monthly
500-700 700-900 900-1100 1100-1300 1300-1500 1500-1700
house rent
No. of Families 6 16 24 20 10 4

ii) In a certain population an average of 13 new cases of esophageal

cancer are diagnosed each year. If the annual incidence of
esophageal cancer follows a poisson distribution, find the
probability that in a given year the number of newly diagnosed
cases of esophageal cancer will be :
1) Exactly 10.
2) Fewer than 2.

[3725]-102 3
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Population interaction.
b) Uses of Internet in Biology.
c) Use of computers in biology.
d) t-test.
e) Variable and Attribute.

Q5) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain SIR model to study disease epidemiology.
b) What is modeling? State the applications of modeling in biology.
c) Explain in brief logistic growth model.

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[3725]-102 4
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1008
[3725] - 103
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 503 : Cell Organization and Biochemistry
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculators is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the protein transport between ER and cell organelles.
b) What is cytoskeleton? Explain its biological significance.
c) What is quorum sensing? Explain its role in virulence of pathogenic
bacteria.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Justify. “Many weak non-covalent interactions stabilize the three
dimensional structure of proteins”.
b) Justify. “Even if RNA is single stranded it can possess extensive
secondary structure”.
c) Describe the classification of phospholipids with suitable examples.

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Diagrammatically illustrate the process of gastrulation in Drosophilla.
b) Diagrammatically illustrate the D-series of aldoses.
c) Compare and contrast between organization of genomic and organelle
DNA.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Tocopherol.
b) Mutarotation.
c) Hox code.
d) Keto-enol tautomerism.
e) Edman’s degradation.

Q5) Solve :
a) A mixture of following amino acids is subjected to electrophoresis at
pH 3.9: Ala (pl = 6.01), Leu(pl = 5.98), Arg (pl = 10.76),
Asp (pl = 2.77), His (pl = 7.59). Which ones will go toward anode (-)?
Which ones will move towards cathode (+)? Why? [8]
b) Is it possible to separate amino acids by the abovementioned method.[2]
c) The Ka for formic acid is 1.78 × 10-4M. What will be the pH of 0.1M
solution of formic acid? [6]

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[3725]-103 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1009
[3725] - 201
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 601 : Instrumentation and Molecular Biophysics
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of logarithmic tables, electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the construction and working of Gas Chromatography. How
does the peak height get affected with change in split ratio?
b) Give applications of Gel Filtration Chromatography. Does the shape
of proteins affect the elution and why?
c) Explain the principle of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Describe use of
Fluorescence Spectroscopy in binding studies and protein folding
studies.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain the instrumentation required for X-ray Crystallography. What
are planes in a crystal? Explain with diagram the Miller Indices of
(100) in a simple cuboid.
b) What is the principle of NMR Spectroscopy? Explain the terms chemical
shift coupling constant and NOE.
c) Give the basic principle of Mass spectrometry. Explain how a TOF
instrument works.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Explain the concept of Ramchandran plot. How do various angles in
polypeptide chain decide the structure of proteins?
b) How are the prediction of secondary structures done by the Chou-
Fasman method? State how it is different from GOR method.
c) Give the principle of Tracer Technique. Give applications of Tracers
in biology.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Iso-electric focusing.
b) X-ray Diffraction.
c) Isopycnic Centrifugation.
d) Beer Lambert Law and its limitations.
e) Super Secondary structures of protein.

Q5) Solve : [16]

a) i) Predict the order of elution when a mixture containing the
following compounds is passed through a column containing a
gel that excludes all proteins of molecular weight 200,000 and
higher : cytochrome c (Mr = 13,000), tryptophan synthetase
(Mr = 17,000), hexokinase (Mr = 96,000), ATP sulfurylase
(Mr = 440,000), glucose oxidase (Mr = 154,000), and xanthine
oxidase (Mr = 300,000).
ii) What factors other that molecular weight will influence the elution
volume of a protein from a Sephadex column?
b) A solution containing 10-5M ATP has a transmission 0.702 (70.2%)
at 260 nm in a 1 cm cuvette.
Calculate the :
i) Transmission of the solution in a 3cm cuvette,
ii) Absorbance of the solution in the 1cm and 3cm cuvettes, and
iii) Absorbance and transmission of a 5 × 10-5M ATP solution in a
1cm cuvette.

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[3725]-201 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1010
[3725] - 202
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 602 : Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Microbiology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of logarithmic tables, electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any one of the following : [16]

a) Explain how a malfunctioning settler-clarifier can adversely affect the
efficiency of an activated sludge process. Give relevant equations for
mass balance in explaining the feature.
b) Discuss the evolutionary stability of cooperation among
microorganisms. Explain with suitable examples how the cooperative
and competitive interactions influence this stability.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of various granular medium
filters used for wastewater treatment.
b) Discuss the bacterial growth in the marine ecosystem and its regulation
by environmental conditions.
c) Discuss mycorrhizal associations with special reference to host-fungus
specificity and interactions with non-host plants.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Discuss the diversity of secondary metabolites in the evolutionary
context.
b) Elaborate on the mode of action of various plant products as
antimicrobial agents.
c) Describe the reaction mechanisms of chemical precipitation, as a unit
process in the treatment of wastewaters.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Working principle of an UASB digester.
b) Reuse of treated solid wastes.
c) Industrial ETP layout for dairy waste.
d) Neo-Darwinism.
e) Significance of DOM in marine ecosystem.

Q5) A wastewater has the following characteristics : [16]

Flow rate : 10200 m3/d
BOD 5: 290 mg/L
The process by which it is to be treated is the activated sludge process with
recycle. The MPCB has imposed a discharge limit of BOD5 = 10 mg/L.
Assuming MLSS in the aeration basin = 3750 mg/L, MLSS in clarifier
sludge = 13500 mg/L, MCRT = 8 days, kinetic coefficients, kd = 0.06 d-1
and Y = 0.6,
Determine the following :
a) The hydraulic retention time.
b) The mass of sludge wasted daily.
c) The F/M ratio.

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[3725]-202 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1011
[3725] - 203
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 603 : Microbial Metabolism
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Use of logarithmic tables and scientific calculator is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) What is ΔG, ΔG° and ΔG°'? What is their significance in biochemical
reactions?
b) Derive Adair equation for dimeric protein and state its significance.
c) Describe the energy generation pathway in denitrifiers.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Justify : Aerobic microorganisms have more energy efficient
metabolism than anaerobes.
b) Justify : Concentration of reduced metabolites in the cell regulates
photosynthetic activity in plants.
c) How is ammonia assimilated into biomolecules?

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain with the help of diagram nitrogen fixation in microorganisms.
b) Derive the rate equation for competitive inhibition using King Altman’s
approach.
c) Describe biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Water splitting complex.
b) Oxidation reduction potential.
c) Photosynthetic apparatus of bacteria.
d) Ammonia oxidation.
e) F1 - F0 ATPase.

Q5) Solve : [10]

a) The following kinetic data were obtained for an enzyme in the absence
of inhibitor (1) and in presence of inhibitor (2). Assume that [ET] is
same for both experiments. Determine the Vmax and Km for the enzyme
in presence and absence of inhibitor and comment on type of inhibition.
[S] mol/L (1) V(μmol/min) (2) V(μmol/min)
1 × 10-4 28 17
1.5 × 10-4 36 23
2.0 × 10-4 43 29
5.0 × 10-4 65 50
7.5 × 10-4 74 61
b) If for the half reactions the εo' values are as follows [6]
i) NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e- → NADH + H+ εo' = -0.32V.
ii) α-Ketoglutarate + CO2 + 2H+ + 2e- → Isocitrate εo' = -0.38V
Calculate the ΔG°' for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase
in TCA cycle.
(F = 96.485 KJ/V.mol, R = 8.314J/mol, Temp = 25°C).

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[3725]-203 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 3
P1012
[3725] - 301
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 701 : Immunology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain various methods to detect humoral deficiencies.
b) Explain the immune mechanism to intracellular infections.
c) Describe the host immune response to tumors.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the mechanisms of tolerance induction.
b) Comment on diversity of TCR.
c) Discuss status of immune system components in vertebrates.

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain use of inbred animals in immunology research.
b) Describe the regulation of classical pathway of complement activation.
c) Describe in detail the pathophysiology of Asthma.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Hemolytic plaque assay.
b) Hodgkin’s disease.
c) General properties of cytokines.
d) SLE.
e) Diagnosis of herpes virus infection.

Q5) A study was carried out to evaluate the potential of circulating immune
complexes (CIC) as marker for disease progress in oral cancer. The study
included : [16]
a) 60 patients (36 males and 24 females) with primary oral squamous cell
carcinoma of the buccal mucosa, ranging in age from 30 to 75 years
(median age 52.5 years). Histopathologically the tumors were
categorized as : well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC),
moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC) and
poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC); with 20 cases
in each category.
b) Patients with precancerous lesions : premalignant lesions consisting
20 oral leukoplakias (OL) (12 males and 8 females) and 20 oral
submucous fibrosis (OSMF) (13 males and 7 females) ranging in age
from 23 to 60 years (median age 41.5 years).
c) Normal subjects : 40 normal subjects (22 males and 18 females) ranging
in age from 25 to 60, who were not having any major illness in the
past. Circulating immune complexes were separated by PEG-mediated
precipitation technique and developed turbidity was quantitated
spectrophotometrically. The levels of CIC as turbidity values at 450
nm in different subjects are :

[3725]-301 2
 Subjects Number of Range Mean SD SE % positive
samples samples
Normal 40 0.010-0.046 0.02315 0.013461 0.00246 -
OL 20 0.013-0.085 0.03817 0.016808 0.00376 15
OSMF 20 0.045-0.253 0.1871 0.054718 0.0173 90
WDSCC 20 0.040-0.153 0.08912 0.032887 0.00735 92
MDSCC 20 0.100-0.162 0.1129 0.016603 0.00371 100
PDSCC 20 0.150-0.435 0.3051 0.090199 0.0202 100
Analyze the data using convenient statistical tools and discuss the pros and
cons of CIC as prognostic tool in oral cancer.

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[3725]-301 3
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1013
[3725] - 302
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 702 : Molecular Biology - I
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) How is the problem of linear replicons solved?
b) How does phage DNA replicate?
c) How is the super family of a gene developed? Explain with examples.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) How RecA protein involved in recombination?
b) How Transcription coupled repair system works?
c) How DNA methylation controls gene imprinting?

Q3) Comment on any two of the following : [16]

a) Tumor suppressor gene with reference to RB.
b) Retrotransposons and cancer.
c) Different types of DNA damages.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) T7 DNA polymerase.
b) Y-family DNA polymerases.
c) NHEJ.
d) Cot ½ value.
e) Src Kinase.

Q5) a) Mouse memory tumor virus (MMTV) is an oncogene retrovirus that

cause breast cancer in mice when it integrates in to the genome. You
want to know whether it carries its own oncogene or generates an
oncogene upon integration. You isolate 26 different breast cancers
from mice that were exposed to MMTV and determine the sites at
which the retroviruses are integrated. In 18 of 26 tumors the viruses
are found at a variety of sites that are all located within a 20 kb segment
of the mouse genome. Upon closer examination of these 18 tumors,
you find that an RNA is expressed from the region of the mouse genome
near the integrated virus, but not from the corresponding region in
normal mouse breast cells. Do these observations argue for MMTV
carrying an oncogene or for it generating an oncogene upon integration?
Explain your reasoning. [10]
b) Human DNA contains 20%C on a molar basis. What are the mole
percents of A, G and T? [6]

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[3725]-302 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1014
[3725] - 303
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 703 : Virology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Neat well labeled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Use of log tables and electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain in vivo technique for cultivation of viruses.
b) Describe the pathophysiology of Herpes virus infection.
c) Comment on-Cellular sites for replication of plant viruses.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain the morphogenesis of T4 phage.
b) How are nematodes responsible for transmission of plant viruses?
c) What is micro-array DNA chip?

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Comment on the need for development of recombinant DNA vaccine.
b) How are indicator plants used to detect viruses?
c) Name the criteria used for classifying animal viruses as per ICTV
classification.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Capsid symmetries.
b) Primary cell lines.
c) Epidemiology of Newcastle disease.
d) Disease forecasting.
e) EID 50.

Q5) A series of progressive dilutions of a viral stock was made in saline. 0.2ml
of each dilution was injected in every mouse of a group of 10 mice. The
mice were observed for infection. The observations are given in the following
table. Find out the dose at which 50% of the mice shoed infection. [16]
Dilution used Infection ratio
1:2 10/10
1:4 10/10
1:8 6/10
1:16 3/10
1:32 0/10

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[3725]-303 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P1015
[3725] - 401
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 801 : Pharmaceutical and Medical Microbiology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) Figures to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
4) All questions carry equal marks.
5) Use of the logarithmic electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Answer any one of the following : [16]

a) Explain the various phases involved in discovery of a drug.
b) Illustrate the bioassay technique of antibacterial agents as per CLSI
guidelines and factors affecting the same.

Q2) Answer any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain the safety profile assessment of drugs.
b) Brief the mechanisms involved in invasion and adhesion of a virulent
bacteria.
c) Explain the validation criteria for biologicals.

Q3) Answer any two of the following : [16]

a) Describe the mechanism of bacterial resistance to host cellular defenses.
b) With suitable example discuss the mode of actions of endotoxin.
c) Explain the carcinogenicity testing of drugs.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on (any four) : [16]
a) LD 50.
b) Mutagenicity testing.
c) FDA guidelines for drugs.
d) Pharmacokinetics.
e) Antimycobacterial testing.

Q5) The table below shows in vitro susceptibility of clinical mold isolates to
itraconazole as determined by the microdilution technique
Species (No. of species) MIC (μg/ml)
Range 50% 90%
Fusarium spp. (13) >8 >8 >8
A.flavus (10) 0.25-1 0.25 1
A.fumigatus (12) 0.5-1 1 1
a) Comment on the scientific data given above with respect to inhibition
of Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. by itraconazole. [8]
b) How do azoles act in human cells? [4]
c) Define MIC, MBC and IC50. [4]

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[3725]-401 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 3
P1016
[3725] - 402
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 802 : Molecular Biology - II
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Use of scientific calculator and log table is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Explain any two of the following : [16]

a) Enlist different vectors and their role in RDT.
b) Explain role of aminoacyl t-RNA in translation.
c) Explain non coding RNAs and their role.

Q2) With reference to transcription and translation in eukaryotes, describe any

four from the following : [16]
a) Structure of typical eukaryotic promoter.
b) Assembly of basal apparatus and RNA pol. II.
c) Post translational modifications.
d) Protein splicing.
e) Active centers of ribosomes.

P.T.O.
Q3) Describe the principle, working and applications of any two of the
following : [16]
a) Northern and Western hybridization technique.
b) RFLP.
c) PCR.

Q4) Comment on any two of the following : [16]

a) Site directed mutagenesis for protein engineering.
b) Genome mapping and sequencing.
c) DNA footprinting.

Q5) Your first task as a newly arrived post doc in the laboratory of Dr. Ursh is to
analyze the structure of the shellase gene from the Bulgarian spotted
grosbeak. Luckily, your professor, Dr. Klassik, has left you a small, but
very pure preparation of mRNA of this protein. The mRNA is 9.5 kb in
length. As the starting material for your study, you prepare whole genomic
DNA from the spotted grosbeak. Using the R.E. BamHI, EcoRI, Hind III,
and Sall, in all combinations, you digest the DNA and subject it to
electrophoresis on an agarose gel. You than do the southern transfer from
the gel to nitrocellulose paper. As a probe you take half of the Dr. Klassiks
mRNA preparation and incubate it with γ32P-ATP and polynucleotide
kinase to radioactively label 5’ end. You then hybridize the probe to the
DNA on the nitrocellulose After washing off unhybridized probe, you
autoradiograph the filter. Table lists the sizes of bands seen after overnight
exposure. You know from Klassiks former work that there are about 20
copies of the shellase gene per haploid genome.
a) Draw the diagram of the restriction map of the gene. [4]
b) What, if any, are the unusual features of the gene structure? [4]
c) The boss is still not satisfied, and wants a better autoradiogram for
publication. You leave another sheet of film on the filter-this time for
3 days. You are aghast at the results! Table shows your data. How
would you explain the extra bands? [4]
d) Can you say how large this piece of DNA is? Why or Why not? [4]

[3725]-402 2
 Table : Sizes of fragments identified by southern transfer in digests of
Grosbeak genomic DNAa.
Enzyme Fragments (kb)
Overnight Three-day
exposure exposure
EcoRI 10 10,7*
EcoRI + HindIII 6,4 7*, 6,4
EcoRI + BamHI 9,1 9,6*,1
EcoRI + Sal I 6,4 7*,6,4
HindIII 10 17*, 10
HindIII + BamHI 5(dark) 7*, 5(dark)
HindIII + Sal I 8,2 15*, 8,2
Sal I 10 17*, 10
Sal I + BamHI 7,3 7,3
BamHI 10 10, 7*
EcoRI + HindIII + BamHI 5,4,1 6*,5,4,1
EcoRI + HindIII + Sal I 4(dark),2 7*,4(dark),2
EcoRI + BamHI + Sal I 6,3,1 6,3,1
EcoRI + BamHI + HindIII + Sal I 4,3,2,1 6*,4,3,2,1
i) Restriction digests were probed with purified 32p labeled shellase
mRNA.
ii) Astriks indicate faint bands, less than 10% as intense as the main
bands.

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[3725]-402 3
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 3
P1017
[3725] - 403
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 803 : Microbial Technology
(2008 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of logarithmic tables, electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) With the help of a diagram, describe the construction of an air-lift bioreactor.
State the situations in which an air-lift bioreactor is used and explain the
advantages of an air-lift bioreactor over a conventional CSTR. [16]

OR

Describe the production of Rifamycin. Delineate the critical operating

parameters for Rifamycin production.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) With help of a suitable example, explain the batch mode of operation
of fermentation process. How is a batch mode more convenient as
compared to fed-batch process?
b) What is “Validation” in context with process qualification? Explain
with a suitable example.
c) Explain the principle, construction and operation of a DO sensor.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) What is kLa? Explain its significance in determining aeration rate and
how is it measured.
b) Explain bioremediation with the help of a suitable example.
c) Explain why the form of mycelial growth during a fermentation process
is important in context with product yield.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) NRe.
b) Limitations of continuous culture in fermentation processes.
c) OTR.
d) Non-Newtonian fluids.
e) Forms of IPR.

Q5) The tables given below show the effect of additional carbon and nitrogen
sources on chitinase production by Streptomyces sp. The basal medium
used was Chitin-Yeast extract-Salts (CYS) medium. [16]
Table 1 : Influence of additional carbon sources On chitinase production
by Streptomyces

[3725]-403 2
 Table 2 : Influence of additional nitrogen sources On chitinase production
by Streptomyces

The salts added in the medium and their amounts (g/L) are as follows :
0.5; K2HPO4, 2.0; MgSO4. 7H2O, 1.0; and FeSO4.7H2O, 0.1 and final pH
of the medium adjusted to 7.0.
Interprete the results and answer the following question :
1. Give the composition of the ideal medium composition for production
of chitinase?

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[3725]-403 3
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P997
[3725] - 21
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 601 : Virology
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Use of scientific calculators and log table is allowed.
4) Assume suitable data if necessary.
5) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following: [16]

a) What types of cell lines are used for cultivation of viruses? Give reasons
for your answer.
b) Discuss the one-step growth curve of bacteriophage.
c) Explain how plant viruses can be detected using serological methods.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) How animal viruses are classified? What are the ICTV recommendations
for classification?
b) Describe in detail, the life cycle of Rabies virus.
c) Explain how vectors play an important role in spreading infection in
plant viruses.

Q3) Attempt any two of the following: [16]

a) Describe the life cycle of TMV virus.
b) Explain which combination of HA and NA is present in Swine flu
influenza virus? Explain the role of HA and NA in the spread of
influenza virus.
c) Explain chemical assays used to detect the viruses.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Indicator plants.
b) Distinctive properties of viruses.
c) LD 50.
d) M13 phage.
e) Interferon.

Q5) a) 107 cells of E.coli were exposed to T4 phage. At the end of the
adsorption period there were 105 infected cells. What is the multiplicity
of infection? [8]
b) Determine the LD50 value from the following results of an experiment
carried out on mice, where each dilution was tested on a set of 6 mice.[8]
Virus dilutions No. of mice which died
10 -1 6
10 -2 5
10 -3 3
10 -4 1
10 -5 0

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[3725]-21 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P998
[3725] - 22
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 602 : Evolution, Ecology and Environmental
Microbiology
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of logarithmic tables and electronic pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any one of the following: [16]

a) Describe the critical operating parameters of an activated sludge
treatment system, and explain the resulting malfunctions if these
parameters are not maintained optimally.
b) Discuss the molecular evolution with context to the origin of new
genes and proteins.

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain the various sedimentation phenomena observed during a
settling process.
b) Describe how chemical disinfection of wastewater is achieved. What is
break-point chlorination?
c) Explain the succession, competition and predation within the microbial
communities of rhizosphere.

P.T.O.
Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]
a) Describe neutral evolution and elaborate on its significance to molecular
phylogeny.
b) Describe the various habitats in marine ecosystem based on topography.
c) Describe the various mycorrhizal associations with respect to hostfungus
specificity.

Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]

a) Flotation unit process.
b) Aerated lagoons.
c) Major pollutants present in dairy wastewater.
d) r and k selection.
e) DOM utilization strategies in marine ecosystem.

Q5) A single-stage tricking filter has a diameter of 10.0m and depth of 6.0m.
The characteristics of primary effluent wastewater to be treated by this filter
are as follows : [16]
Flow rate : 3000 m3/d
BOD : 100 mg/L
TSS : 70 mg/L
TKN : 20 mg/L
Determine the following :
a) BOD loading rate.
b) TKN loading rate.
c) BOD removal efficiency.
d) Can nitrification be expected.

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[3725]-22 2
Total No. of Questions : 5] [Total No. of Pages : 2
P999
[3725] - 23
M.Sc.
MICROBIOLOGY
MB - 603 : Microbial Metabolism
(2005 Pattern)
Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80
Instructions to the candidates:
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
3) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Use of scientific calculator and log table is allowed.
5) Assume suitable data if necessary.

Q1) Attempt any two of the following: [16]

a) Describe the organization of cell membrane.
b) What are the methods employed for the elucidation of a metabolic
pathway?
c) How is ammonia assimilated in the cell?

Q2) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) State the significance of Gibbs free energy equation.
b) Derive Hill equation. Draw Hill plot. State its significance.
c) Compare bacterial and plant photosynthesis.

Q3) Attempt any two of the following : [16]

a) Explain King & Altman method using single substrate enzyme catalyzed
reaction.
b) Describe the inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain.
c) Discuss the mechanism of energy generation in methanogenic bacteria.

P.T.O.
Q4) Write short notes on any four of the following : [16]
a) Laws of thermodynamics and their significance.
b) Model membranes.
c) Photolysis of water.
d) Glutamate dehydrogenase.
e) Nitrogenase.

Q5) Solve the following : [16]

a) Calculate Δ G of hydrolysis of ATP at pH 7.00 and at 25°C under
steady state conditions in which concentration of ATP, DP and Pi, is
maintained at 10-3 M, 10-4 M and 10-2 M respectively.
(Given : Δ G0 of ATP = –7.7 Kcal/M; R = 1.98cals/M).
b) Predict what products will be rapidly labeled with 18O when following
additions are made to actively photosynthesizing system.
H2 18O is added to green plants. C18O2 is added to green plants. C18O2
is added to green sulfur bacteria.

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[3725]-23 2