CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
Conditional Sentence is conditions deal with imagined situations: some are
possible, some are unlikely, some are impossible. The speaker/writer imagines
that something can or cannot happen or have happened, and then compares that
situation with possible consequences or outcomes, or offers further logical
conclusions about the situation.
In general, the form of Conditional is:
 If + condition, result/consequence
 Result/consequence + if + condition

B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. Conditional Sentence Type 0
2. Conditional Sentence Type 1
3. Conditional Sentence Type 2
4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

C. DESTINATION
From the above problems, the writer certainly aims to explain or explain
these points, in accordance with the knowledge we have obtained, both from the
source book and from our teachers. Hopefully all of them provide benefits for us.
If there are writing errors or words in this paper, the authors apologize profusely.

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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.  Conditional Sentence Type 0
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs
(one in the ‘if clause’ and one in the ‘main clause’):

If + Simple Present, + Simple Present

if/when + condition, result/consequence

result/consequence + if/when + condition

if/when + simple present, simple present

simple present + if/when + simple present

The conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches
100 degrees, it always boils. It’s a fact. I’m talking in general, not about one
particular situation. The result of the ‘if clause’ is always the main clause.
The ‘if’ in this conditional can usually be replaced by ‘when’ without changing
the meaning.
For the example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (it is always true, there
can’t be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true
only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it’s still true that I’m sick every time I
eat peanuts).

Here are some more examples:

 If people eat too much, they get fat

 Snakes bite if they are scared
 If baby are hungry, they cry
 People die if they don’t eat
Conditional Type 0
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(+) If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity]

(-) If one doesn’t drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated.
(?) If we burn paper, does it becomes ash?
See this page about the first conditional to learn about the difference
between the first and the zero conditionals. The first conditional is about a
specific situation, but the zero is talking in general.

B. Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible
situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible
and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Therefore, we can
conclude that conditional type 1 describes a possible situation of present or future
time.
General Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive) /

imperative

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive) /  imperative + if + simple

present

Use:
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Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will
only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for
sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions
seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Example:
· If I meet him, I will introduce myself.
· If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
· I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.
Conditional type 1
(+) If I have free time, I will go swimming.
If the bell rings, I’ll go home.
If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [Imperative]
(-) If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be angry.
If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes, I won’t be angry.
If he comes, I won’t be angry.
(?) If they invite you, will you come?
First vs. Zero Conditional:
The first Conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the Zero
Conditional describes what happens is general.
For example (Zero Conditional): if sit in the sun, you get burned (here I’m
talking about every time a person sits in the sun – the burning is natural
consequence of the sitting)
But (First Conditional): if you sit in the sun, you’ll get burned (here I’m talking
about what will happen today, another day might be different)
First vs. Second Conditional:
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in
the future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don’t think
will really happen. It’s subjective; it depends on my point of view.
For example (type 1): If she studies harder, she will pass the exam (I think that
she won’t study harder and so she’ll pass)
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But (Type 2): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she
won’t study harder, or it’s very unlikely, and so she won’t pass).
C. Conditional Sentence Type 2
Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal
impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result
for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. So, we
can conclude that conditional type 2 describes a hypothical situation, one that is
either contrary to the real facts of the present, or unlikely to occur in the future.
General Form:
if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Were / Was
In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even
if the pronoun is I, he, sheor it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.

NOTE "was" is also a possible form.

Example:
If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.
Conditional type 2
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(+) If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(But I don’t have much hope it will rain)
If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.
(But I’m not a millionaire)
(-) If Nisa didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t be passed.
(But Nisa studies hard)
(?) If Nisa didn’t study hard, would she fail?
If I had much money, would I buy a sport car?
If I were a millionaire, would I donate my money to charity?
Use:
Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if
the present situation were different

Example:
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

How is this different from the first conditional?

This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional
because this is a lot more unlikely.
For example (second conditional) : If I had enough money I would buy a house
with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I’m probably not going to have this
much money), it’s just a dream, not very real)
But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I’ll buy some new shoes (It’s
much more likely that’ll have enough money to buy some shoes ).

D. Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.
It describes a hypothical situation of past time, one which did not occur.
General Form:
if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle
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if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past

participle

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past

perfect

Use:
Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express
hypothetical results to past given situations.

Example:
· If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
· Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a
terrible accident.
Conditional type 3
(+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
(But you didn’t remember)
(-) If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates.
(But the waitress wasn’t careful)
(?) If he had asked for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?
(But he didn’t ask for forgiveness)
Things to remember
1. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case,
don't use a comma.
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Examples:
· "Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
· "I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
· "I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
· "He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."
2. Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.
Examples:
· If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
· If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.

English Conditionals Summary Table

Conditional Time Frame Probability Example
First Future Possible If I meet Na’im, I will
Conditional invite her to the party.
Second Future Unlikely If I won the lottery, I
Conditional would help the world.
Second Present Unreal/Imaginar If I owned the money,
Conditional y I would lend it to you.
Third Past Impossible If I had studied
Conditional French, I would have
known it.
Zero Always/Generally Certain If you drop something,
Conditional it fals down.
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. CONCLUTION
Conditional sentences are taught in English classes and in English
textbooks because they are easy teach. “Rules” are always easy to teach, and they
are easy to mark right or wrong on a test.
It’s important to remember that conditional sentences are just one category of
sentences in English.
However, each of the conditional sentence structures is used in a variety of
situations, and that’s why they are important.
There are four different conditional sentence structures:
factual conditional (zero conditional)
possible conditional (1st first conditional)
present unreal conditional (2nd conditional)
past unreal conditional (3rd conditional)
It’s a waste of time to try and remember every single grammar “rule.”
What’s important is learning when to use these sentences.
You don’t have to make up your own conditional sentences. You don’t have to
guess when you use a conditional sentence.
B. SUGGESTION
In compiling this conditional sentences paper, the writer has a lot
difficulties and wording of the sentence. The author apologizes if in this paper
there are many errors both in laying sentences or in writing other ones. Hopefully
this paper is useful for all readers.
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B. REFERANCES
R. Carter, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2006.
Robert Khron, English Sentence Structure, The University of Michigan Press.
1970.
Yuniar Sip, Tanti. 2007. English Dictionary – Indonesia and Indonesia –
English. Surabaya: Agung Media Mulia.