Early Armed Forces (Pre Colonial Period)

PHIL MILITARY HISTORY
MSG WILFREDO MORALES PA
NOTES:
SCHOOL (COL OLYMPIA) BUILT 1936
GIVE ME THE Filipino combat team and I will fight anywhere above the 38 th parallel – Col alexander
Lancaster (US army)
Early armed forces

(Pre colonial period)
- Alliance in defense against or defend a common foe
- Early weapons – bladed handed
- Sea vessels for combat (paraos, vintas, barotos)
- Defense fortification (wooden cottas and moogs)
Resistance in Luzon and the Visayas

- Arrival of the Spaniards (16th century)
- Battle of Mactan 27 Mar 1521
- Rebellion of tamblot
- Diego Silang
- Gabriela silang
Resistance in Mindanao and Sulu

- Muslim filipinos a) never conquered nor colonized by Spaniards b) Fierce and brave fighters
- Used Christians filipinos against muslim filipinos
Spanish Colonial Armed Forces
- 1860 – Spanish army had….
- Filipino clamor for equality justice and independence
1st phase: The Katipunan 7 July 1892 – KKK

- Org structure:
Supremo –> sec of state ( war justice finance sec , 3)
(Bonifacio)
Conucils of war
National Level – president to auditor
19 aug 1896 - Spanish colonized
Outbreak of the revolution

- arrest incarcerate, torture and execution of the filipinos
- Uprisings erupted (Cavite, Rizal, Southern Tagalog, Central Luzon)
- Mutinies and similar insurgent activities
The Philippine REVOLUTION

Aguinaldo assumes leadership
Tejeros convention (22 Mar 1897) - dissolve Katipunan, establish a govt called republica filipina
(22 Mar 1897) – anniversary of PA
1st filipino army – Artemio Ricarte
1st Navy – Lapulapu (battle of Mactan)
The TRUCE
- Republic of Biak na Bato (Pact of BNB)
- Unconventional war of raids and ambuscades
- Revolutionaries:
o Aguinaldo – exile in HK
o Army disbanded
o weapons turned in
- Spanish authority:
o Implements Reforms
o Pay the revolutionaries
April 1898 - spanish war

31 May 1898 - relaunching of revolution
12 June 1898 – Aguinaldo declares phil independence
ORGANIZING THE GOVT AND ARMED FORCES –

- Organized standing army of the phil (Aguinaldo)
General Staff
INFANTRY ARTILLERY CAVALRY ENGINEERING
QUARTER MASTER JUDGE ADVOCATE

MEDICAL CORPS
DIVISION DIVISION
Organizing the Navy

- BNB constitutional provision
o CREATION OF THE NAVY = to protect the coasts and seas Philippines
o MAGDALO
o MOSQUITO FLEET (Bulusan, Taalan, Balayan)
o July 1898 Campania de Filipinas
Establishment of Academia Militar
- 25 oct 1898 = academia military (Malolos, Bulacan) --- Map reading
- 01 Nov 1898 – formally opened its classes, one for field grade
- 20 Jan 1899 – suspended
PHIL – AMERICAN WAR

Filipino strategy and tactics
- 4 feb 1899 San juan Bridge incident
- Gen Antonio Luna (Commander in chief of all Filipino Forces)
- Use of European tactics
Guerilla warfare
AMERICAN COLONIAL FORCES IN THE PHIL
- Phil Scouts – fought battles, guarded strategic camps, serves as guides, serves as
interpreters, formally establish in Feb 1901
- Philippine Constabulary (18 July 1907) thru org act NR 175 for maintenance of peace and
order
- LT COL HENRY (?) – 1st constabulary
- PHIL NATIONAL GUARD (ORG ACT 2715) into law (MAR 1917)
o Created 2 squadrons
o Revived 1919 – revived PHIL AIR SERVICE (Jan 1920) – diverse duties
PREP FOR PHIL DEFENSE

- WAR PLAN ORANGE
o defense of manila bay
o Fortifications on Corregidor and the islands of carabao (MT samat – “observation
post”)
- Phil National Defense Plan
o “McArthur” era
o Gradual build up of strength
o Every island to be defended
o Training of every 20 yr old Filipino male would be obligatory
 Key Concept:
o Defense at the beaches
o Early warning by air corps
ORGANIZING THE PHIL ARMY

- NATIONAL DEFENSE ACT (Commonwealth act NR 1)
o 20 Dec 1935 – signed into law
o 11 Jan 1936 - BG Delos Reyes– 1st Acting Chief of Staff PA
- Organizational Structure
o 1st coast Artillery Regiment – based at fort wint
o PA AIR COPRS
o OFF SHORE PATROL
PA CENTRAL GS, May 1938
PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
CHIEF OF STAFF
DEPUTY CS DEPT OF
SUPPLY PERS
WAR PLANS INTERL, OPNS
CONSTABULARY
DIVISION
More DEFENSE PREP

PA AIR CORPS
- Continued to Gradually grow
- April 1940 – organized 1stcombat SQDN
OFF SHORE PARTROL – less successful

- 5 boats due for delivery were used for war in Europe
WAR PLAN ORANGE – revised 1 Apr 1941

- PA included in the plan
CALL TO ARMS
GEN MCARTHUR – recalled to active duty, placed in command of USAFFE
15 AUG 1941 – PA AIR COPRS – inducted into the service of the US
DEFENSE OF THE PHILS
- Japan’s Invasion Plan

o Air strikes at clark field
o Strike naval base
o Seize airfield
o Landing force will advance towards manila
o Simutlaneosly, davao and jolo were to be invaded
o Invasion of the phil to be completed in 50 days
o No provision for possible prolonged phil-am defense of bataan
- COL MANUEL G OLYMPIA MC – hall of fame Battle of Bataan
LIBERATION OF THE PHIL

- 1944 – Japan losing the war
- Battle of LEYTE GULF
- 05 July 1944 – PHILIPPINE IS LIBERATED
PREP FOR INDEPENDENCE

- Oct 1944 - return of pres osmena
- 23 Oct 1944 (PA HQS REESTABLISHED IN TACLOBAN)
- March 1945 – moved to manila
- MILITARY POLICE COMMAND (7 JUNE 1945)
o Maintain law and order
- 1st engr sqdn
- OFF shore patrol reactivated (01 oct 1945) – no actual ship in inventory, personnel trained
abroad US navy vessels
- 30 june 1946 – all organized military forces, released from the service
The 3rd PHIL REPUBLIC

- 04 July 1946 – US recognized Phil Indepedence
- For the second time, phil flag flew over the Phil Skies alone and supreme
EXTERNAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY ALLIANCE

- 14 March 1947 – Military bases agreement
o “The US would retain the pight to use the bases for 99 years”
- 21 March 1947 Military Assistance Agreement
o “ The US is obligated to provide defense equipment, supplies, services and training
to the phil defense force”
- MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY
- SEATO (08 Sept 1954) – to prevent further expansion of communism in the region
- 4 oct 1947 (AFP under Phil ground force, phil air force, phil navy patrol)
AFP IN THE INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING

- AFP foreign mission
o KOREA (peftok)
o Vietnam (INCAG)
AFP DURING THE MARTIAL LAW REGIME

- KAMAGONG CONCEPT
- SPECIAL WARFARE BRIGADES
- 16 Aug 1976 - PA LIGHT ARMORED REGIMENT (PALAR)
8 aug 1975 – constabulary became PNP (?)
END OF MARCOS REGIME
AFP TODAY
The NEW AFP

- 02 Jan 1991
MISSION: To protect…
Chain of Command….
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
LESSON II: GUARD DUTIES
(Art of Arc? Of Army)

Principles:
1. M - aneuver
2. U – nity of command
3. S - ecurity
4. S – urprise
5. M – ass
6. O – bjective
7. O – ffense
8. S – implicity
9. E – conomy of Force
C.O
OD
OG
- senior officer or non commissioned officer of the guard, next junior to OD
- responsible for instruction discipline and performance of duty to the guard
SOG (sgt of the guard)

- senior NCO of the guard
- Supervises the enlisted members
Challenge
- Command “HALT” WHO IS THERE? – used to caused an unidentified party of person to halt
and be identified.
- If an additional challenge is used it follows the original challenge and consist of a word or
distinctive word
Guardhouse
- Occupied by non detailed for inferior guard
- Include guard tent or any location for HQ of the guard
Password
- Secret word or distinctive sound used to answer the challenge
- Second word or part of the countersign
Countersign
- Consists of 2 words; the secret challenge and its password
- Word comprising the countersign : issued from principal HQ of the command to aid guard
and sentinels in their scrutiny of person who apply to the pass the line
Ex: Light signal C: 2 long, R – 1 short , B) Knock signal – C: 3 R: 1 c) Authentication System “RUMBLE”
(08 APR 07 “TACTICS, O8 APR 07” SACKET)
Confinement Officer
- MP officer assigned to stockade
- Charge with security, admin, care, custody of all prisons confined in local stockade
Stockade
- Confinement facilities under jurisdiction of an installation commander
Relief
- Procedure where members post is relived and member is posted in his placed
Relieved
- Direct any members of the guard
Watch
- Period of time
COMPOSITION OF GUARD
1. Interior Guard
- Detailed commander of military installations to; protect properly, preserve order
2. Exterior Guard
- Guard whose duties are classified as lookouts, listening post, outpost, sp. Designated patrols
and other combat zones, field training areas
PROCEDURE FOR CHALLENGING
1. Report a sentry post report to ur superior

2. Rules for challenging
a. Guard will call “HALT” clearly and just loud enough to be distinctly understood by the
challenged party
b. Should be out of sight when challenging
c. Positions himself so that he can control the situation “READY POSITION”
d. Challenge the person at sufficient distance to allow the guard time to react
3. Challenge one person
A. Sentry
- If guard sees any person on or near his post, he assume the correct challenge position and
comman ”HALT”
- PERSON CHALLENGE: Immediately the person will halt without answering
B. Sentry
- When the person has halted the guard ask; “WHO IS THERE”
- PC: “TSG __ the operation NCO”
C. Sentry
- The sentry order person forward
- “ADVANCE TSG __ to
D. Sentry
- When a person closed enough to be identified the sentry again commands “HALT”
- PC: TSG___ will halt and wait instruction of the guard
E. SENTRY
- The sentry will determine whether the person should be passed or denied (recognized TSG),
“PASS THE LINE SIR”
- PC: TSG will pass the line when told to process
4. Challenging 2 o more person
How to use Password

1. Do not REVEAL to unauthorized person
2. Challenge and password are given in a low tone
CLASSES OF ORDER
1. General orders (11 GO)

2.

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PHIL MILITARY HISTORY

MSG WILFREDO MORALES PA

Early armed forces

Resistance in Luzon and the Visayas

Resistance in Mindanao and Sulu

1st phase: The Katipunan 7 July 1892 – KKK

19 aug 1896 - Spanish colonized

Outbreak of the revolution

The Philippine REVOLUTION

April 1898 - spanish war

ORGANIZING THE GOVT AND ARMED FORCES –

INFANTRY ARTILLERY CAVALRY ENGINEERING

QUARTER MASTER JUDGE ADVOCATE

Organizing the Navy

PHIL – AMERICAN WAR

AMERICAN COLONIAL FORCES IN THE PHIL

PREP FOR PHIL DEFENSE

ORGANIZING THE PHIL ARMY

PA CENTRAL GS, May 1938

PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

More DEFENSE PREP

OFF SHORE PARTROL – less successful

WAR PLAN ORANGE – revised 1 Apr 1941

DEFENSE OF THE PHILS

- Japan’s Invasion Plan

LIBERATION OF THE PHIL

PREP FOR INDEPENDENCE

The 3rd PHIL REPUBLIC

EXTERNAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY ALLIANCE

AFP IN THE INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING

AFP DURING THE MARTIAL LAW REGIME

8 aug 1975 – constabulary became PNP (?)

END OF MARCOS REGIME

The NEW AFP

(Art of Arc? Of Army)

SOG (sgt of the guard)

PROCEDURE FOR CHALLENGING

1. Report a sentry post report to ur superior

4. Challenging 2 o more person

How to use Password

1. General orders (11 GO)

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