A

Technical Seminar Report

On

“ e-PAPER TECHNOLOGY ”

 Subm
 Submi tted i n par ti al fulfillme
fulfillment of the
R equir
ui r ement for
for the aw
awar
ardd of deg
deg r ee of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

MD. BADARUDDIN ALI (14M61A0434)

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. K. YOJANA M. Tech

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNI

COMMUNICATION
CATION ENGINEERING
SWARNA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, KHAMMAM
(Approved by AICTE, Govt. of T.S. & Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)

(2017-18)
 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science & Technology::Khammam
(Approved by AICTE, Govt. of T.S. & Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled “e-Paper

Technology ” 
”  is a bonafide record of work carried out by

MD. BADARUDDIN ALI (14M61A0434)

(14M61A0434)

We hereby accord our approval of it as a Technical Seminar work carried out

and presented in a manner required for its acceptance in partial fulfillment for the
award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELE CT
CTRO
RONI
NI CS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad, Hyderabad during the academic year 2017-2018.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mrs. K. Yojana M. Tech Mr. Gandham Srinivasa Rao M. Tech, MIEEE, MISTE.
Associate Professor Associate Professor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take the opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to the Project guide , Mrs.

K . YOJANA, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science

& Technology, Khammam, for her excellent guidance, technical information and support

which helped me in successfully completing this technical seminar report.

I take the opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to the Head of the Department

Mr. Gandham Srinivasa Rao, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering, Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science & Technology,

Khammam, for his excellent guidance, technical information and support which helped me in

successfully completing this seminar report.

MD. BADARUDDIN ALI (14M61A0434)

(14M61A0434)
 DECLARATION

I declare that the seminar entitled “e-PAPER TECHNOLOGY”  recorded in this

report does not form part of any other thesis on which a degree has been awarded earlier. I
further declare that this seminar report is based on my work carried out at the “SWARNA
BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY”, Khammam  during the B.
Tech course.

DATE:

PLACE: Khammam

REPORTED BY

MD. BADARUDDIN ALI (14M61A0434)

 ABSTRACT

Smart paper is one of the next generation paper technologies. It is a portable reusable
storage display medium that in physical appearance looks like an ordinary paper but we can
erase and write on it more than a thousand million times. These smart papers have a battery
 power application such as pager, watches, hand held computer, cell phones etc., Smart paper
is the technology used for applications such as eBooks, electronic newspaper, portable signs
& and foldable, rollable displays. It is reflective and can be easily read in bright sunlight and
also dim or dark environment. It can also be seen virtually in any angle just like a paper. It is
light in weight from factor allowing it to be ideal for highly portable application. It is also
 being low in cost. In case of building a smart paper many new and different technologies
exist in it for making it a flexible device. It is not a digital paper which is written with a pad
and digital pen.
 INDEX

SL.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 What is e-Paper Technology? 1

1.2 Who invented e-Paper Technology? 1

1.3 How e-Paper Technology works? 2

1.4 How to use e-Paper Technology? 3

2 TECHNOLOGIES 5

2.1 Gyricon 5

2.2 Electrophoretic 5

2.3 Electro Wetting 8

2.4 Electro Fluidic 9

2.5 Interferometric Modulator 10

2.6 Other Bi-Stable Displays 10

2.7 Other Technologies 10

3 APPLICATIONS 11

3.1 Wrist Watches 12

3.2 e-Books 12

3.3 Education: Digital School Books 13

3.4 Digital Photo Frame 13

3.5  News Papers 14

3.6 Information Boards 14

SL.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

3.7 Displays embedded in smart cards 14

3.8 Status Displays 15

3.9 Mobile Phones 15

4 ADVANTAGES 17

4.1 Readable 17

4.2 Rugged 19

4.3 Green 20

5 DISADVANTAGES 22

6 CONCLUSION 23

8 REFERENCES 23
 e-Paper Technology

CHAPTER 3
APPLICATIONS

Several companies are simultaneously developing electronic paper and ink. While the
technologies used by each company provide many of the same features, each has its own
distinct technological advantages. All electronic paper technologies face the following general
challenges:

 A method for encapsulation

 An ink or active material to fill the encapsulation
 Electronics to activate the ink

Electronic ink can be applied to flexible or rigid materials. For flexible displays, the
 base requires a thin, flexible material tough enough to withstand considerable wear, such as
extremely thin plastic. The method of how the inks are encapsulated and then applied to the
substrate is what distinguishes each company from others. These processes are complex and
are carefully guarded industry secrets. Nevertheless, making electronic paper is less complex
and costly than LCDs.

There are many approaches to electronic paper, with many companies developing
technology in this area. Other technologies being applied to electronic paper include
modifications of liquid crystal displays, electrochromic displays, and the electronic equivalent
of an Etch a Sketch at Kyushu University. Advantages of electronic paper includes low power
usage (power is only drawn when the display is updated), flexibility and better readability than
most displays. Electronic ink can be printed on any surface, including walls, billboards, product
labels and T-shirts. The ink's flexibility would also make it possible to develop roll able
displays for electronic devices.
 e-Paper Technology

Fig 3.0 The Motorola F3 uses an e-paper display instead of an LCD.

3.1 Wristwatches

In December 2005 Seiko released the first electronic ink based watch called the
Spectrum SVRD001 wristwatch, which has a flexible electrophoretic display and in March
2010 Seiko released a second generation of this famous e-ink watch with an active matrix
display. The Pebble smart watch (2013) uses a low-power memory LCD manufactured by
Sharp for its e-paper display.

3.2 e-Books

Fig 3.1 iLiad e-book reader

 e-Paper Technology

In 2004 Sony released Librié EBR-1000EP in Japan, the first e-book reader with an
electronic paper display. In September 2006 Sony released the PRS-500 Sony Reader e-book
reader in the USA. On October 2, 2007, Sony announced the PRS-505, an updated version of
the Reader. In November 2008, Sony released the PRS-700BC, which incorporated a backlight
and a touchscreen.

In late 2007, Amazon began producing and marketing the Amazon Kindle, an e-book
reader with an e-paper display. In February 2009, Amazon released the Kindle 2 and in May
2009 the larger Kindle DX was announced. In July 2010 the third generation Kindle was
announced, with notable design changes. The fourth generation of Kindles were announced in
September 2011. This generation was unique as it marked the Kindle's first departure from
keyboards in favour of touchscreens. In September 2012, Amazon announced the fifth
generation of the Kindle, which incorporates a LED front light and a higher contrast display.

In November 2009 Barnes and Noble launched the Barnes & Noble Nook, running an
Android operating system. It differs from other big name readers in having a replaceable
 battery, and a separate touch-screen colour LCD below the main electronic paper reading
screen.

3.3 Education: digital schoolbooks

In January 2007, the Dutch specialist in e-Paper edupaper.nl started a pilot project in a
secondary school in Maastricht, using e-Paper as digital schoolbooks to reduce costs and
students' daily burden of books.

3.4 Digital Photo Frame

In the future as electronic paper displays improve and full high quality color is possible,
the technology may become incorporated in digital photo frame products. Existing digital photo
frames require a constant power supply and have a limited viewing angle and physical
thickness that is inferior to a conventional photograph. A digital photo frame using e-paper
technology would address all of these shortcomings. A well-designed digital photo frame using
an electronic ink display could, in theory, run for months or years from batteries, because such
a device would require electricity only to briefly boot up to connect to another storage device
and change the display before powering off all components.
 e-Paper Technology

3.5 Newspapers

In February 2006, the Flemish daily De Tijd distributed an electronic version of the
 paper to select subscribers in a limited marketing study, using a pre-release version of the iRex
iLiad. This was the first recorded application of electronic ink to newspaper publishing.

The French daily Les Échos announced the official launch of an electronic version of
the paper on a subscription basis, in September 2007. Two offers were available, combining a
one year subscription and a reading device. The offer included either a light (176g) reading
device (adapted for Les Echos by Ganaxa) or the iRex iLiad. Two different processing
 platforms were used to deliver readable information of the daily, one based on the newly
developed GPP electronic ink platform from Ganaxa, and the other one developed internally
 by Les Echos.

3.6 Information Board

An extension of the Digital Photo Frame concept is to display other media such as
webpages or other documents. Examples include web pages such as news sites or status pages
such as stocks or other information. The current day’s weather forecast would be a   good
example for installation in a domestic location such as near the front door in a hall way. Such
a device e-Paper could also be connected wirelessly allowing remote or automatic updates
without human intervention. Such a product will have a low physical and energy footprint
compared to older technology. At present (Q4 2009) no such product is available on the market
despite the technology already existing to Manufacture it. Unlike digital photo frames, digital
information boards could run acceptably with greyscale e-paper.

3.7 Displays embedded in smart cards

Flexible display cards enable financial payment cardholders to generate a one-time

 password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud. Electronic paper offers a flat and thin
alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security.

The world’s first ISO compliant smart card with an embedded display was developed
 by Innovative Card Technologies and nCryptone in 2005. The cards were manufactured by
 Nagra ID.
 e-Paper Technology

Fig 4.3 The bi stable E-paper display

The power consumption of E-paper is so low that it can be powered by a solar cell
battery.
 e-Paper Technology

CHAPTER 5
DISADVANTAGES

Like all technologies, E-paper has its flaws that make it inaccurate to use. Organizations
face many disadvantages with e-paper and e-paper technologies. Publishing departments may
have a bad time adapting to this new technology because it is still complex to use.
Organizations still have manufacturing costs that were higher than expected, and some
companies had trouble programming signs in their stores.

Hence, companies are still reluctant to use this technology because it is more complex
than paper and it is more expensive to use. Also, e-paper is still less attractive to technologies
such as LED or LCD, because it still unable to reproduce animations and it is difficult to read
when there’s no light.

Thus, unless the room is not bright enough, employees in an organization will have a
very hard time reading the e-paper. The biggest challenge a company faces with e-paper and
its sister technologies is piracy.

In this internet era, it is easy to send information from one side of the globe to another,
thus, organizations have to be careful with their information. For example, your file can be
easily emailed to someone living thousands of miles away. It can even be placed in a public
server for anyone to download.

Hence, this could be troublesome for book publishing companies that may lose millions
of dollars and for organizations that have classified information.
 e-Paper Technology

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays. Instead
electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional paper and other display technologies. In
the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the publishing industry.
Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to become a display, bringing
information out of the confines of traditional devices and into the world around us.

REFERENCES

[1]. E-paper ppt e paper.ppt/slideshare.net

[2]. E-paper technology.http://pedian.com/seminar/e-paper-technology-seminar-report.pdf.ppt

abstract.php

[3]. A seminar report on E-Paper "http://www. seminarsonly.com /computer%20%science/E-paper

technology.php

[4]. “Advantages of Electronic Paper”.

http://www/wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_of_electronic_paper#ixzz28EtL5VtL.

[5]. “Electronic Paper”. from http://www.enwikipedia.org/wiki/electronic-paper .

[6]. “Electronic-Paper: The Electronic Display of the future by Akwukwuma, V.V.N. and F.O. Chete.
2012.”. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.html

[7]. E- paper Central. 2010. “E-Paper Technologies Reference Guide”

http://www.epapercentral.com/epaper-technologies-guide.

[8]. Genuth, I. 2007. “The Future of Electronic Paper”.

http://thefutureofthings.com/articles.

[9]. E- paper Catalog. 2011. “List of Online Papers and E- papers”.

http://www.epapecatalog.com/nigeria-epapers.

[10]. Sheridon, N. 2007. “The future of Electronic Paper”. http://www.thefutureofthings.com/articles.

[11]. Daimaon, G. 2005. “The First Watch that uses Flexible E-Paper “