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    Islamic Political Thought

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    Mr Wakadin
    1. Al-Mawardi was an 11th century Islamic jurist who served as chief judge of Baghdad and wrote treatises on Islamic governance and the caliphate. 2. He outlined seven criteria for the caliph, including being just, knowledgeable, mentally and physically fit, and courageous. The caliph should also be from the Quraysh tribe. 3. Al-Mawardi described ten functions of the caliph, including preserving the religion, establishing justice, providing security, implementing punishments, defending borders, conducting jihad, collecting zakat and charity, managing state funds, appointing officials, and directly supervising governance.

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    Islamic Political Thought

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    Mr Wakadin
    112 views9 pages
    1. Al-Mawardi was an 11th century Islamic jurist who served as chief judge of Baghdad and wrote treatises on Islamic governance and the caliphate. 2. He outlined seven criteria for the caliph, including being just, knowledgeable, mentally and physically fit, and courageous. The caliph should also be from the Quraysh tribe. 3. Al-Mawardi described ten functions of the caliph, including preserving the religion, establishing justice, providing security, implementing punishments, defending borders, conducting jihad, collecting zakat and charity, managing state funds, appointing officials, and directly supervising governance.

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    1. Al-Mawardi was an 11th century Islamic jurist who served as chief judge of Baghdad and wrote treatises on Islamic governance and the caliphate. 2. He outlined seven criteria for the caliph, including being just, knowledgeable, mentally and physically fit, and courageous. The caliph should also be from the Quraysh tribe. 3. Al-Mawardi described ten functions of the caliph, including preserving the religion, establishing justice, providing security, implementing punishments, defending borders, conducting jihad, collecting zakat and charity, managing state funds, appointing officials, and directly supervising governance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    112 views9 pages

    Islamic Political Thought

    Uploaded by

    Mr Wakadin
    1. Al-Mawardi was an 11th century Islamic jurist who served as chief judge of Baghdad and wrote treatises on Islamic governance and the caliphate. 2. He outlined seven criteria for the caliph, including being just, knowledgeable, mentally and physically fit, and courageous. The caliph should also be from the Quraysh tribe. 3. Al-Mawardi described ten functions of the caliph, including preserving the religion, establishing justice, providing security, implementing punishments, defending borders, conducting jihad, collecting zakat and charity, managing state funds, appointing officials, and directly supervising governance.

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    of 9

    S/ NAMES ADMISSION

    N NUMBER
    1 KHALID A KHALID
    2 ABDULRAZAQ TUKUR
    3 ABDULHADI SHUAIBU
    4 AHMED AKILU
    5 ABUBAKAR SUFYAN
    6 ABDULLAHI ABUBAKAR
    7 ADAMU NASIRU SHOCKAI
    8 HOSEA HOPE
    9 MUHAMMAD KABIR HASIM
    10 LAWAL ALIYU BAGIWA

    1
    QUESTION
    1. With reference to al mawardi, examine the
    functions of the khalifa in the ismaic state
    INTRODUCTION
    Before we go into the topic of the day, let us
    familiarise ourselves with the basic terms which are
    inclusive to the questio above. I.e
    1. Al-mawardi
    2. Khalifa
    AL-MAWARDI
    Abū al-Hasan 'Alī Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Habīb al-
    Māwardī known in Latin as Alboacen (972–1058 CE),
    was an Islamic Jurist of the Shafi’i school most
    remembered for his works on religion, government,
    the caliphate, and public and constitutional law
    during a time of political turmoil. Appointed as the
    chief judge over several districts
    near Nishapur in Iran, and Bagdad itself, al-Mawardi
    also served as a diplomat for the Abbasid caliphs al-
    Qa'im and al-Qadir in negotiations with
    the Buyid emirs. He is best known for his treatise on
    "The Ordinances of Government." The Ordinances,
    Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya w'al-Wilayat al-Diniyya,
    provide a detailed definition of the functions of
    caliphate government which, under the Buyids,
    appeared to be rather indefinite and ambiguous.
    BIOGRAPHY

    2
    Al-Mawardi was born in Basrah during the year 972
    C.E. Some authors make the claim that his family
    was Kurdish, a claim which is unsubstantiated

    The Shafi'i historian al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d.


    463/1072) recorded his father as being a rose-water
    seller. Growing up he was able to learn Fiqh (Islamic
    Jurisprudence) from Abu al-Wahid al-Simari and
    subsequently took up his residence in Baghdad.
    While both Basrah and Baghdad were centers of
    the Mu'tazila school of thought, the great
    (orthodox) Shafi'i jurist al-Subki (d. 756/1355) would
    later condemn al-Mawardi for his Mu'tazila
    sympathies. He was eventually appointed
    chief qadi of Baghdad, and subsequently was
    entrusted with various responsibilities on behalf of
    the Caliphate: On four occasions he served as a
    diplomat on behalf of Caliph al-Qa'im (422-1031,
    428/1037, 434/1042 and 435/1043), his
    successor al-Qadir also entrusted al-Mawardi as a
    diplomat in a negotiation with the Buyid emirs and
    charged him with the task of writing his treatise on
    "The Ordinances of the Government." Among many
    of his various other works he is also credited with
    the creation of darura, a doctrine of necessity. Al-
    Mawardi died at an old age in Baghdad on 30
    Rabi'a 450/27, May 1058.

    WORKS

    3
     Al-Ahkam al-Sultania w'al-Wilayat al-
    Diniyya (The Ordinances of Government)

     Qanun al-Wazarah (Laws regarding the


    Ministers)

     Kitab Nasihat al-Mulk (The Book of Sincere


    Advice to Rulers)

     Kitab Aadab al-Dunya w'al-Din (The Ethics of


    Religion and of this World)

     Personas of the Prophethood[1]

    THE KHALIFA

    Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: ‫ )خليفا‬is a name or title


    which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most
    commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is
    also used as a title among various Islamic religious
    groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also
    pronounced as "kalifa".

    ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR KHALIFA TENDENCY

    Mawardi mentioned the seven conditions he felt


    were necessary for the caliph to possess in order to
    rule efficiently and guard the faith.

    1. He must be ‘aadil’ {just}, because he is the


    administration of justice and it is the most

    4
    important and the for most duty according to the
    Quran.
    2. He must have ‘ilm’, {knowledge} of Islamic
    traditions so that he is able to pass any judgements
    as a mujtahid. It also shows a resemblance of
    opinion with al-Jahiz, an early jurist, who believed in
    the “knowledge conducive to the exercise of
    independent judgement in crises or decision
    making.”
    3. Al-Mawardi said that the caliph should be
    mentally well and physically fit so that he can do his
    job easily and efficiently.
    4. The caliph must be a courageous and enthusiastic
    person so that he can do “jihad” {holy war} with the
    enemies of Islam.
    5. He believed that the caliph must be from the
    Quraysh. To empower his point he used the saying
    ascribed to Mohammad is quoted by al-Mawardi,
    “Imams (the Caliphs) comes from Quraysh.” It can
    also be seen as an attempt by al-Mawardi to
    legitimise the caliphate of the Abbasids and the
    Umayyad ruling era.

    Mawardi can be recognised as the first Islamic


    scholar who orderly explained the nature of the
    caliphate, a tendency that was innovative to the
    scholars of that Islamic era.

    DUTIES, ROLES OR FUNCTIONS OF THE KHALIFA

    5
    Al-Maawirdi said, describing the
    tasks that the imam or ruler is obliged to do:

    There are ten things that he is obliged to do that


    have to do with public affairs:

    1 – He must preserve the religion according to its


    established bases and that on which the salaf of the
    ummah was unanimously agreed. If an innovator or
    deviant or one who is confused about some issue
    emerges, he has to explain the proof to him and tell
    him what is correct, and deal with him according to
    the set rights and punishments so that the religion
    will be protected against being undermined and the
    ummah will be prevented from deviance.

    2 – He must judge between disputing parties and


    put an end to arguments so that justice and fairness
    will prevail, aggressors will not get carried away and
    no person who is wronged will feel helpless.

    3 – He must guarantee public safety and security


    and protect the women and children of the ummah
    so that people can go about their business and
    travel around in safety, with no danger to their
    persons or their wealth.

    4 – He must carry out hadd punishments so that the


    sacred limits of Allaah will not be transgressed and

    6
    so that the rights of His slaves will be protected.

    5 – He must reinforce the borders with equipment


    and forces so that the enemy will not find any
    opportunity to violate the borders of the Muslims or
    shed their blood or the blood of non-Muslims living
    under the protection of the Islamic state.

    6 – He must strive in jihad against those who


    stubbornly reject Islam after being called to it, until
    they become Muslim or agree to live under Muslim
    protection and pay jizyah, so that the rights of
    Allaah will be fulfilled and His religion will prevail
    over all others.

    7 – He must collect zakaah and charity money in the


    manner enjoined by the texts and scholarly
    consensus, without causing fear or being unjust.

    8 – He must work out what benefits etc are to be


    given to those who deserve them from the treasury
    of the Islamic state (bayt al-maal), without being
    either extravagant or stingy; he must pay them on
    time, neither early nor late.

    9 – He must appoint people who are honest and


    sincere to different positions, so that things will be
    done efficiently and wealth will be kept with
    trustworthy people. 

    7
    10 – He should supervise matters directly himself,
    and check on things so that the ummah will be led
    in a proper manner. He should not rely on
    delegating to others because he is too busy
    indulging in physical pleasures or worship, for he
    may end up delegating to a supposedly trustworthy
    person who then betrays him, or a supposedly
    sincere person who then cheats him. Allaah says
    (interpretation of the meaning):

    “O Dawood (David)! Verily, We have placed you as a


    successor on the earth; so judge you between men
    in truth (and justice) and follow not your desire * for
    it will mislead you from the path of Allaah”
    [Saad 38:26]

    Allaah did not allow him to delegate to others


    without supervising them or excuse him from that;
    He even described that as misguidance. Even
    though these are the duties of the khaleefah as
    stated in religion, these are also the duties of
    everyone who has anyone under his care. The
    Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
    him) said: “Each of you is a shepherd and each of
    you is responsible for his flock.”
    CONCLUSION
    If the imam fulfils the rights of the ummah that we
    have mentioned above, then he has discharged his

    8
    duty towards Allaah and to them, and so he is owed
    the two duties of obedience and support, unless he
    changes.

    REFERENCE;
    1.Essay: Political Thought of Al Mawardi
    July 6, 2019 by Essay Sauce
    2. Islam Q&A
    https://islamqa.info/en/answers/21509/role-of-the-
    khaleefah-of-the-muslims
    3. C. Brockleman"al-Mawardi" in the Encyclopedia of
    Islam 2, vol. 6, p. 869.
    4.

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