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    Ratih Aulia Fitri - 1830104065 - TBI5C (LINGUISTICS)

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    The document discusses English vowels, including: 1) It differentiates between consonants and vowels, noting that consonants involve articulator contact while vowels allow free airflow. 2) It describes the 15 vowel sounds in English using a vowel chart that maps vowels based on height, backness, lip position, length, and tenseness. 3) It notes that diphthongs can be classified as closing if they end in a high vowel like [ɪ] or [ʊ], or centering if they end in the schwa [ə], and provides examples like [aɪ] in "high" and [aʊ] in "now".

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    Ratih Aulia Fitri - 1830104065 - TBI5C (LINGUISTICS)

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    Ratih Aulia Fitri
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    The document discusses English vowels, including: 1) It differentiates between consonants and vowels, noting that consonants involve articulator contact while vowels allow free airflow. 2) It describes the 15 vowel sounds in English using a vowel chart that maps vowels based on height, backness, lip position, length, and tenseness. 3) It notes that diphthongs can be classified as closing if they end in a high vowel like [ɪ] or [ʊ], or centering if they end in the schwa [ə], and provides examples like [aɪ] in "high" and [aʊ] in "now".

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    4. Ratih Aulia Fitri_1830104065_TBI5C (LINGUISTICS)

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    The document discusses English vowels, including: 1) It differentiates between consonants and vowels, noting that consonants involve articulator contact while vowels allow free airflow. 2) It describes the 15 vowel sounds in English using a vowel chart that maps vowels based on height, backness, lip position, length, and tenseness. 3) It notes that diphthongs can be classified as closing if they end in a high vowel like [ɪ] or [ʊ], or centering if they end in the schwa [ə], and provides examples like [aɪ] in "high" and [aʊ] in "now".

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    33 views4 pages

    Ratih Aulia Fitri - 1830104065 - TBI5C (LINGUISTICS)

    Uploaded by

    Ratih Aulia Fitri
    The document discusses English vowels, including: 1) It differentiates between consonants and vowels, noting that consonants involve articulator contact while vowels allow free airflow. 2) It describes the 15 vowel sounds in English using a vowel chart that maps vowels based on height, backness, lip position, length, and tenseness. 3) It notes that diphthongs can be classified as closing if they end in a high vowel like [ɪ] or [ʊ], or centering if they end in the schwa [ə], and provides examples like [aɪ] in "high" and [aʊ] in "now".

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Ratih Aulia Fitri

    1830104065

    TBI 5 C

    LINGUISTICS

    English Vowels (Monophthongs and Diphthongs)

    Watch the videos about cardinal & primary English vowels (monophthongs) and diphthongs.
    Answer the following questions:

    1. How can you differentiate between the production of consonants and vowel sounds?

    Consonants are sounds that are produced with the articulators more or less close.
    That is, they are produced with a close articulation, going from completely together to
    only approximating. Consonantal sounds are classified according to three dimensions: a)
    Voicing b) Place of articulation c) Manner of articulation Voicing refers to the activity of
    the vocal folds. When the vocal folds are wide apart, consonants are said to be voiceless,
    when they are closely together and vibrating, consonants are said to be voiced. The place
    of articulation refers to that area in one of the resonating cavities (larynx, mouth) where
    the articulators are opposing some kind of stricture or obstacle to the passing of air. The
    manner of articulation refers to the way the articulators are set so that the resonance
    effect is possible.

    Vowels are the sounds during the articulation of which active organ of speech
    comes against the passive organ of speech in such a way so as to leave a sufficient wide
    gap for the air to escape without any friction or obstruction. The air escapes freely.
    Vowel sounds are divided according to the part of the tongue raised. If front of the tongue
    is raised toward hard palate with sufficient gap between them for the air to escape freely,
    the sounds thus articulated are front vowels. Similarly center of the tongue against the
    place between hard and soft palate and back of the tongue against soft palate generate
    central and back vowels. We can understand the classification of vowels by knowing the
    part of the tongue raised, the height to which it is raised, and the position of lips.

    2. How can linguist describe vowels sounds? (use vowel chart to see its features)

    Vowel Sounds

    A vowel is a sound made by the relatively free movement of air through the
    mouth, usually forming the main sound of a syllable. You need to understand the basic
    conceptual separation of letters and sounds in English. The letter vowels are: a, e, i, o,
    and u.

    Many languages have pure vowels, when the tongue and lips are relatively
    stationary while these vowels are being pronounced. But many of the vowels in English
    are not pure. This means they are lengthened and spoken with the tongue moving from
    one sound into another sound.

    There are 15 vowels sounds in English:

    /i:/ eat, bead, bee

    /ɪ/ id, bid, pit

    /eɪ/ eight, wade, bay

    /ɛ/ bet, fed

    /æ/ ask, bat, glad

    /ʌ/ under, putt, bud

    /ɑ:/ cot, bomb

    /u:/ boot, two, tube

    /ʊ/ foot, should, put

    /oʊ/ oat, own, zone, blow


    /ɔ/ caught, paw, port

    /ɚ/ merge, bird, further

    /aɪ/ ice, bite, tie

    /aʊ/ out, gown, plow

    /oɪ/ oyster, coil, boy

    All 12 main vowel sounds in English and the three diphthongs are organized and
    described in terms of the following characteristics: The American English vowel sounds
    are described in terms of height (high, middle, low); backness (front, central, back); lip
    position (rounded, spread or unrounded); length (short, long, complex); and tenseness
    (lax, tense).

    This chart show the height, backness, and tenseness of the vowels:

    VOWELS Tense/Lax FRONT CENTRAL BACK

    Tense i: ɚ u:

    HIGH

    Lax ɪ ʊ

    oʊ
    MIDDLE Tense eɪ
    ʌ (ə) (**)
    VOWELS Tense/Lax FRONT CENTRAL BACK

    Lax ɛ

    Tense
    LOW
    Lax Æ ɑ ɔ (*)

    3. Find similarities between closing and centring diphthongs, give examples

    According where the glide in the diphthong ends, they are classified as closing
    diphthongs (or rising diphthongs) and centering diphthongs. Closing diphthongs are those
    whose last vowel is near-high. Since both vowels have to be lax, the only two
    possibilities are [ɪ] and [ʊ]. Centering diphthongs ends in vowel [ə] (schwa). American
    English diphthongs can be explained from their British counterpart. Figure 1 illustrates
    the classification of British English diphthongs. If a diphthong carries is labelled with
    (BrE) it means that diphthong only occurs in British English; similarly, label (AmE) is
    used when the diphthong only appears in American English.

    Examples of diphthongs are: [aɪ] as in high[haɪ], [eɪ] as in play[pleɪ], [ɔɪ] as in boy[bɔɪ], or [aʊ]
    as in now[naʊ].

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