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UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

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Historical Background – Mathematical Modeling of field problems in Engineering – Governing
Equations – Discrete and continuous models – Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems–
Weighted Residual Methods – Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems – Ritz

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Technique – Basic concepts of the Finite Element Method.

PART A
1 Illustrate the methods generally associated with the finite element

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BT2 Understanding
analysis.
2 Write the stiffness matrix for a one dimensional 2 noded linear element. BT3 Applying
3 Point out any four advantages of finite element method BT3 Applying
4 Why polynomial type interpolation functions are mostly used in FEM. BT4 Analyzing
5 State the advantages of Rayleigh Ritz method. BT2 Understanding
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6 Compare the Ritz technique with the nodal approximation method. BT4 Analyzing
7 How to develop the equilibrium equation for a finite element? BT6 Creating
8 What do you mean by constitutive law? BT2 Understanding
9 List the various method of solving boundary value problems. BT1 Remembering
10 Formulate the boundary conditions of a cantilever beam AB of span L
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fixed at A and free at B subjected to a uniformly distributed load of P BT6 Creating

throughout the span
11 Differentiate between primary and secondary variables with suitable Remembering
BT1
examples.
12 How will you identify types of Eigen Value Problems? BT1 Remembering
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13 Mention the weak formulation of FEA. BT4 Analyzing

14 Distinguish between Error and Residual BT2 Understanding
15 Discuss Ritz method. BT5 Evaluating
16 How will you develop total potential energy of a structural system? BT6 Creating
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17 State the principle of minimum potential energy. BT4 Analyzing

18 Differentiate between initial value problem and boundary value
BT2 Understanding
problem.
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19 List out the advantages of finite element method over other numerical
BT1 Remembering
analysis method.
20 List the various weighted residual methods BT1 Remembering
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PART B
1 i. Explain the various methods of engineering analysis with suitable
illustrations. (8) BT1 Remembering
ii. Describe the principle of stationary total potential energy. (5)
2 Using collocation method, find the solution of given governing equation BT3 Applying

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𝑑2 Φ
+ Φ + X = 0, 0 ≤ X ≤ 1 subject to the boundary conditionsΦ(0) =
𝑑𝑋 2
Φ(1) = 0. Use X=1⁄4 and 1⁄2 as the collocation points.
3 A uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load is illustrated in figure,
the deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation given
below. Determine the displacement by applying Weighted Residual
Method (WRM).

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BT3 Applying

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4 Describe the step by step procedure of solving FEA. BT4 Analyzing

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5 A tapered bar made of steel is suspended vertically with the larger end
rigidly clamped and the smaller end acted on by a pull of 10 5N. The
areas at the larger and smaller ends are 80 cm 2 and 20 cm2 respectively.
The length of the bar is 3m. The bar weighs 0.075 N/cc. Young’s BT1 Remembering
modulus of the bar material is E=2 x 107 N/cm2. Obtain an approximate
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expression for the deformation of the rod using Ritz technique.
Determine the maximum displacement at the tip of the bar.
6 Using any one of the weighted residue method, find the displacement of .BT3 Applying
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 2
given governing equation 𝑑𝑥 [𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ] - 𝑥2 = 0, 1 < 𝑥 < 2 at x=1 , u=2 at
𝑑𝑢 1 BT2 Understanding
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x=2 , x𝑑𝑥 = − 2
7 The Governing Equation for one dimensional heat transfer through a fin of
length l attached to a hot source as shown in fig is given by
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BT3 Applying
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If the free end of the fin is insulated, give the boundary conditions and
determine using the Collocation technique the temperature distribution in the
fin. Report the temperature at the free end.
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8 Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as

d2y/dx2 + 100 = 0, 0≤x≤10
with boundary conditions as y(0)=0 and y(10)=0 using (i) Point BT2 Understanding
collocation method (ii) Sub domain collocation method (iii) Least
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square method and (iv) Galerkin method

9 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
For the differential equation - 𝑑𝑥 [(1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥] = 0 for 0<x<1 with the
boundary conditions y (0) = 0 and y (1) = 1, obtain an approximation BT5 Evaluating
solution using Rayleigh-Ritz method.
10 (i) Find the solution of the initial value problem.
BT6 Creating
𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑦(3) = 2

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d 2 y dy
(ii) Find a solution of the initial value problem   2y  0 ,
dx 2 dx BT6 Creating
boundary conditions y(0) = 2, 𝑦 ′(0)=5.

11 The following differential equation is available for a physical

phenomenon, d2y/dx2 – 10x2 =5, 0≤x≤1 with boundary conditions as y
(0) = 0 and y (1) = 0. Find an approximate solution of the above BT4 Analyzing
differential equation by using Galerkin’s method of weighted residuals
and also compare with exact solution.
12 Solve the ordinary differential equation d2y/dx2 + 10 x2 = 0, 0≤x≤1 with

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boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y (1) = 0 using the Galerkin’s BT3 Applying
method with the trial function No(x) = 0; N1(x) = x (1-x2).
13 Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as

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d2y/dx2 + 50 = 0, 0≤x≤10 with boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y
(10) = 0 using the trial function y = a1x (10-x) find the value of the
BT3 Applying
parameters a1 by the following methods listed below.
(i) Point collocation method (ii) Sub domain collocation method

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(iii) Least squares method and (iv) Galerkin method
14 Find the solution of the boundary value problem 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0 with
𝜋 𝜋 BT6 Creating
y( )=0, y( )=1.
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PART C (15 Marks)

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1 Find the eigen value and eigen function of 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝜆𝑦 ′+4𝜆2 𝑦 = 0; with
BT6 Creating
the boundary conditions are 𝑦 ′(1) = 0, 𝑦(2) + 2𝑦 ′(2) = 0.
2 A beam AB of span ‘l’ simply supported at the ends and carrying a
concentrated load ‘W’ at the centre ‘C’ as shown in figure .Determine
the deflection at the mid span by using Rayleigh-Ritz method and
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compare with exact solution.

BT6 Creating
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3 Determine the expression for deflection and bending moment in a

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simply supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over

entire span. Find the deflection and moment at mid span and compare
with exact solution Rayleigh-Ritz method. Use
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BT5 Evaluating
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4 Calculate the value of central deflection in the figure below by assuming

Y = a sin πx/L the beam is uniform throughout and carries and central
point load P.
BT3 Applying

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. UNIT 2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS
One Dimensional Second Order Equations – Discretization – Element types- Linear and Higher order
Elements – Derivation of Shape functions and Stiffness matrices and force vectors- Assembly of

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Matrices - Solution of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer. Longitudinal vibration
frequencies and mode shapes. Fourth Order Beam Equation –Transverse deflections and Natural
frequencies of beams
PART A

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1 Write the conduction, convection and thermal load matrices for 1D heat BT1
Remembering
transfer through a fin.
2 Define shape function. BT1 Remembering
3 Illustrate shape function of a two node line element BT3 Applying
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List out the stiffness matrix properties. BT1 Remembering
5 Mention the characteristics of shape functions BT2 Understanding
6 Differentiate global and local coordinate. BT2 Understanding
7 Express the element stiffness matrix of a truss element BT2 Understanding
8 Illustrate a typical truss element shown local global transformation BT3 Applying
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9 Define natural coordinate system BT1 Remembering

10 Give the shape function equation for a 1D quadratic bar element. BT2 Understanding
11 List the types of dynamic analysis problems BT1 Remembering
12 Define mode superposition technique. BT1 Remembering
13 Express the mass matrix for a 1D linear bar element. BT2 Understanding
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14 List out the expression of governing equation for free axial vibration of
BT1 Remembering
rod and transverse vibration of beam.
15 Determine the element mass matrix for one-dimensional dynamic
structural analysis problems. Assume the two-node, linear element. BT4 Analyzing
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16 Write down the Governing equation and for 1D longitudinal vibration of

a bar fixed at one end and create the boundary conditions BT6 Creating
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17 Define the transverse vibration. BT4 Analyzing

18 Deduce the stiffness matrix for a 1D two noded linear element. BT5 Evaluating
19 Show that in what way the global stiffness matrix differs from element
stiffness matrix? BT3 Applying
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20 Illustrate the expression of longitudinal vibration of the bar element. BT3 Applying

PART B
1 Formulate the shape function for One-Dimensional Quadratic bar
BT6 Creating
element.
2 A steel bar of length 800mm is subjected to an axial load of 3kN as BT2 Understanding

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shown in fig. Estimate the nodal displacement of the bar and load
vectors. Take E= 2 x 105 N/mm2.

3 For the bar element as shown in the figure. Calculate the nodal

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displacements and elemental stresses. Take E= 2.1 x 105 N/mm2.

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BT3 Applying

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4 Determine the Eigen values for the stepped bar shown in figure

BT5 Evaluating
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5 Consider a bar as shown in figure an axial load of 200kN is applied at a
point P. Take A1=2400 mm2 , E1=70x109 N/mm2 A2=600 mm2 and E2 =
200x109 N/mm2 . Calculate the following (i) the nodal displacement at
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point,P (ii) Stress in each element (iii) Reaction force.

BT4 Analyzing
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6 For a tapered bar of uniform thickness t=10mm as shown in figure.

Predict the displacements at the nodes by forming into two element
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model. The bar has a mass density ρ = 7800 kg/m3, the young’s
BT2 Understanding
modulus E = 2x105 MN/m2. In addition to self-weight, the bar is
subjected to a point load P= 1 kN at its Centre. Also determine the
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reaction forces at the support.

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7 Consider a bar as shown in fig Young’s Modulus E=2 x 105 N/mm2 A1=
2 cm2;A2 = 1cm2 and force of 100N. Calculate the nodal displacement.

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BT3 Applying
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8 A metallic fin 20 mm wide and 4 mm thick is attached to a furnace
whose wall temperature is 180 °C. The length of the fin is 120 mm. if
the thermal conductivity of the material of the fin is 350 W/m °C and
BT5 Evaluating
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convection coefficient is 9 W/m2 °C, determine the temperature

distribution assuming that the tip of the fin is open to the atmosphere
and that the ambient temperature is 25 °C.
9 Calculate the temperature distribution in the stainless steel fin shown in
the figure. The region can be discretized in three elements of equal sizes
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BT2 Understanding
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10 Determine the first two natural frequencies of longitudinal vibration of

the stepped steel bar shown in fig. and plot the mode shapes. all the
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BT4 Analyzing
dimensions are in mm E=200GPa. and ρ= 0.78 kg/cc. A=4 cm 2, length
l=500mm.

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11 Examine the natural frequencies of transverse vibrations of the

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cantilever beam shown in figure by applying one 1D beam element.

BT1 Remembering

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12 A two noded truss element is shown in figure. The nodal displacements
are u1=5mm and u2= 8mm. calculate the displacement at x=L/4, L/3 and
L/2
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BT3 Applying
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13 For the two bar truss shown in the fig, Estimate the displacements of
node 1 and the stress in element 1-3.Take E=70GPa A=200 mm2
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BT4 Analyzing
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14 Determine the deflection in the beam loaded as shown in fig. at the mid-
span and at the length of 0.5m from the left support. Determine also the BT3 Applying
reactions at the fixed ends. E= 200 GPa. I1= 20 x 10-6 m4 I2 = 10 x 10-6 m4.
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PART C
1 Develop the Shape function, Stiffness matrix and force vector for
BT6 Creating
one dimensional linear element.

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2 Consider the bar shown in figure axial force P = 30kN is applied as
shown. Determine the nodal displacement, stresses in each element and
reaction forces

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3 For the beam and loading as shown in figure. Calculate the slopes at
nodes 2 and 3 and the vertical deflection at the mid-point of the
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distributed load. Take E=200 GPa and I=4x10-6 m4

BT3 Applying
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4 Calculate the force in the members of the truss as shown in fig. Take
E=200 GPa
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BT3 Applying
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UNIT 3 TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

Second Order 2D Equations involving Scalar Variable Functions – Variational formulation –Finite
Element formulation – Triangular elements – Shape functions and element matrices and vectors.
Application to Field Problems - Thermal problems – Torsion of Non circular shafts –Quadrilateral
elements – Higher Order Elements.

PART A
1 Show the displacement function equation for CST element. BT3 Applying

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2 How will you modify a three-dimensional problem to a Two-
dimensional problem? BT6 Creating
3 List out the application of two-dimensional problems. BT1 Remembering
4 What is meant by steady state heat transfer? Write down its governing

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differential equation. BT2 Understanding

5 Define two-dimensional scalar variable problem BT1 Remembering

6 How do you define two dimensional elements? BT1 Remembering

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7 Define QST (Quadratic strain Triangle) element. BT4 Analyzing
8 Relate path line with streamline. BT3 Applying
9 Formulate the (B) matrix for CST element. BT6 Creating
10 Express the interpolation function of a field variable for three-node
BT2 Understanding
triangular element
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11 List out the CST and LST elements. BT1 Remembering
12 Illustrate the shape function of a CST element. BT3 Applying
13 Distinguish between scalar and vector variable problems in 2D. BT1 Remembering
14 Express the nodal displacement equation for a two dimensional
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triangular elasticity element BT2 Understanding

15 Write down the shape functions for a 4 noded quadrilateral element. BT3 Applying
16 What do you understand by area coordinates? BT2 Understanding
17 Define Isoparametric elements with suitable examples. BT1 Remembering
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18 Write an expression for shape function of four node quadrilateral

BT4 Analyzing
elements.
19 Define geometric Isotropy. BT5 Evaluating
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20 Write the Lagrange shape functions for a 1D, 2noded elements. BT5 Evaluating
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PART B
1
Derive the conductance matrix for a 3 noded triangular element whose
nodal coordinates are known. The element is to be used for two BT6 Creating
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dimensional heat transfer in a plate fin.

2 Determine the shape functions for a constant strain triangular (CST)
BT5 Evaluating
element
3 Compute the element matrices and vectors for the element shown in
fig. when the edges 2-3 and 1-3 experience convection heat loss.
BT5 Evaluating

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4 Calculate the element equations for the element shown in fig. which

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experiences convection on the side jk and its upper face.

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BT4 Analyzing
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5 Find the temperature distribution in a square region with uniform
energy generation as shown in fig. assume that there is no temperature
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variation in the Z-direction. Take k=300W/cm°C, L=10cm, T∞ =50°C

and q=100 W/cm3

BT5 Evaluating
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6 Derive the expression for shape function for heat transfer in 2D element. BT2 Understanding
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7 Calculate the value of pressure at the point A which is inside the 3

noded triangular element as shown in fig. The nodal values are Φ1 = 40
MPa, Φ2 = 34 MPa and Φ3 = 46 MPa. point A is located at (2, 1.5).
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Assume the pressure is linearly varying in the element. Also determine

the location of 42 MPa contour line.
BT3 Applying

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8 For a 4-noded rectangular element shown in fig. Infer the temperature at
the point (2.5, 2.5). The nodal values of the temperatures are T1= 100°C,
T2= 60°C and T3= 50°C and T4= 90°C. Also determine the 80°C
isotherm.
BT4 Analyzing

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9 Calculate the element stiffness matrix and temperature force vector for
the plane stress element shown in fig. The element experiences a 20ºC
increase in temperature. Assume α= 6x10-6 C. Take E=2x105 N/mm2,

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v= 0.25, t= 5mm.

BT3 Applying

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10 For a 4-noded rectangular element shown in fig. Estimate the
temperature point (7,4). The nodal values of the temperatures are T 1 =
42˚C, T2 = 54˚C and T3 = 56˚Cand T4 = 46˚C. Also determine 3 point
on the 50˚C contour line.
BT2 Understanding
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11 The figure below shows a shaft having rectangular cross section with 8
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cm x 4 cm sides. The material has shear modulus 80 x 10 5 N/mm2 .

Shaft length is 100 cm. the shaft is fixed at one end and subjected to
torque T at the other end. Determine the total angle of twist if the
applied torque is 10 x 103 N-cm
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BT5 Evaluating
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12 Determine the pressure at the location (7, 4) in a rectangular plate with

the data shown in Fig and also draw 50 MPa contour line. BT4 Analyzing

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13 Develop the shape function derivation for a two-dimensional quadratic

BT6 Creating
element
14 Estimate the stiffness matrix for the triangular element with the (x,y)

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coordinates of the nodes are (0,-4), (8,0) and (0,4) at nodes i, j, k. BT5 Evaluating
Assume plane stress condition E= 200 GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.35

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PART C
1 The x,y coordinates of nodes i,j and k of a triangular element are given
by (0,0) (3,0) and (1.5,4) mm respectively. Evaluate the shape functions
N1,N2 and N3 at an interior point P(2,2.5)mm of the element. Evaluate

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BT5 Evaluating
the strain displacement relation matrix B for the above same triangular
element and explain how stiffness matrix is obtained assuming scalar
variable problem.
2 For the triangular element shown in the figure determine the strain-
displacement matrix [B] and constitutive matrix [D]. Assume plane
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stress conditions. Take µ=0.3 , E=30 x 106 N/m2 and thickness t= 0.1 m.
And also calculate the element stiffness matrix for the triangular
element
BT4 Analyzing
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3 Determine the temperature distribution in the rectangular fin shown in

Fig. The upper half can be meshed taking into account symmetry using
triangular elements.
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BT4 Analyzing
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4 For the square shaft of cross section 1 cm × 1 cm as shown in Fig. It

was decided to determine the stress distribution using FEM by solving
for the stress function values. Considering geometric and boundary BT3 Applying
condition symmetry 1/8th of the cross section was modeled using two
triangular elements and one bilinear rectangular element as shown. The

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element matrices are given below. Carry out the assembly and solve for
the unknown stress function values.

1 −1 0 29.1
For triangular K = 1⁄2 [−1 2 −1] r = [29.1]
0 −1 1 29.1
 4  1  2  1 43.6
  1 4  1  2 43.6
1
For rectangle K = ⁄6   r=  
 2  1 4  1  43.6
   

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 1  2 1 4  43.6

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UNIT 4 TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Equations of elasticity – Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric problems – Body forces and
temperature effects – Stress calculations - Plate and shell elements
PART A
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1 Illustrate the Stress-Strain relationship matrix for an axisymmetric

BT3 Applying
triangular element.
2 Classify the types of shell element. BT4 Analyzing
3 Define 2D vector variable problems BT1 Remembering
4 List out the various elasticity equations. BT1 Remembering
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5 Define plane stress and plane strain. BT1 Remembering

6 Discuss ‘Principal stresses”. BT2 Understanding
7 Mention the difference between the use of linear triangular elements
BT2 Understanding
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and bilinear rectangular elements for a 2D domain.

8 Write the strain displacement matrix for a 3 noded triangular element. BT1 Remembering
9 Distinguish between plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric
analysis in solid mechanics. BT2 Understanding
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10 Distinguish between plate and shell elements. BT3 Applying

11 Define axisymmetric formulation. BT2 Understanding
12 Develop the Shape functions for axisymmetric triangular elements BT6 Creating
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13 Express finite element modeling for axisymmetric solid. BT4 Analyzing

14 Develop the Strain-Displacement matrix for axisymmetric solid BT6 Creating
15 Show the Stress-Strain displacement matrix for axisymmetric solid BT3 Applying
16 Deduce the Stiffness matrix for axisymmetric solid BT5 Evaluating
17 Assess the requried conditions for a problem assumed to be
BT5 Evaluating
axisymmetric.
18 State whether plane stress or plane strain elements can be used to model BT4 Analyzing

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the following structures. Explain your answer.
A wall subjected to wind load
A wrench subjected to a force in the plane of the wrench.
19 Define a plane strain with suitable example. BT1 Remembering
20 Define a plane stress problem with a suitable example. BT1 Remembering

PART B
1 Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in
figure. Take E=2.1 x 105 N/mm2, v=0.25 The coordinates are in mm.

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BT3 Applying

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2 Develop shape function for axisymmetric triangular elements BT6 Creating
3 Triangular element are used for the stress analysis of plate subjected to
inplane loads. The (x,y) coordinates of nodes i, j, and k of an element
are given by (2,3), (4,1), and (4,5) mm respectively. The nodal
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displacement are given as : BT1 Remembering
u1=2.0 mm, u2=0.5 mm, u3= 3.0 mm v1=1.0 mm, v2= 0.0 mm, v3= 0.5
mm Examine element stress. Let E=160GPa, poisson's ratio = 0.25 and
thickness of the element t=10 mm
4 The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element are given
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in figure. Evaluate the strain-displacement matrix

BT5 Evaluating
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5 The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element shown in

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fig are givenbelow. Examine the strain-displacement matrix for that

element
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BT1 Remembering
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6 Calculate the element stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric triangular

element shown in fig. The element experiences a 15ºC increase in
BT3 Applying
temperature. The coordinate are in mm. Take α=10x10 -6/ºC, E=2x105
N/mm2, v=0.25.

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7 The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element shown in
fig are given below. Evaluate the strain-displacement matrix for that
element

BT4 Analyzing

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8 Calculate the element strains for an axisymmetric triangular element
shown in fig the nodal displacement are. u 1= 0.001, u2 = 0.002, u3 = -
0.003, w1 = 0.002, w2 = 0.001 and w3 = 0.004 all dimensions are in mm.

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BT3 Applying

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9 Estimate the global stiffness matrix for the plate shown in fig. Taking
two triangular elements. Assume plane stress conditions
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BT2 Understanding
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10 Explain the classification of the shell elements and also brief the
BT4 Analyzing
assumptions used in Finite element Analysis of Shell element.
11 A tin plate of thickness 5mm is subjected to an axial loading as shown BT4 Analyzing
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in the fig. It is divided into two triangular elements by dividing

diagonally. Determine the Strain displacement matrix [B], load vector
and the constitutive matrix. How will you derive the stiffness matrix?
(Need not be determined). What will be the size of the assembled
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stiffness matrix? What are the boundary conditions? E=2x107 N/cm2

µ=0.3.
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BT1 Remembering
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12 Evaluate the Stress-Strain relationship matrix for axisymmetric
BT5 Evaluating
triangular element
13 Develop Strain-Displacement matrix for axisymmetric triangular
BT6 Creating
element
14 Derive the Finite element equation for triangular plate bending element
BT4 Analyzing
with 9 degrees of freedom.

PART C
1 Develop the four basic sets of elasticity equation BT6 Creating
2 A long hollow cylinder of inside diameter 100mm and outside diameter

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120mm is firmly fitted in a hole of another rigid cylinder over its full
length as shown in fig. The cylinder is then subjected to an internal
pressure of 2 MPa. By using two element on the 10mm length shown
calculate the displacements at the inner radius tame E = 210 GPa. μ =

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0.3
BT3 Applying

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3
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Triangular element are used for the stress analysis of plate subjected to
in plane loads. The (x,y) coordinates of nodes 1, 2, and 3 of an element
are given by (5,5), (25,5), and (15,15) mm respectively. The nodal
BT5 Evaluating
displacement are given as : u1=0.005 mm, u2=0.002 mm, u3= 0.0 mm,
u4=0.0 mm, u5= 0.005 mm, u6= 0.0 mm. Evaluate element stress. Let
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E= 200 GPa, poisson's ratio = 0.3 and use unit thickness of the element
4 For an axisymmetric triangular elements as shown in fig. Evaluate the
stiffness matrix. Take modulus of elasticity E = 210 GPa. Poisson’s
ratio = 0.25. the coordinates are given in millimeters

BT5 Evaluating
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UNIT 5 ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION

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Equations of elasticity – Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric problems – Body forces and temperature
effects – Stress calculations - Plate and shell elements.
PART A
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1 Illustrate the purpose of Isoparameteric element. BT4 Analyzing

2 Differentiate between Isoparametric, super parametric and sub-
BT1 Remembering
parametric elements.
3 Define Isoparametric formulation BT5 Evaluating
4 Explain the Jacobian transformation BT2 Understanding
5 Give the shape functions for a four-noded linear quadrilateral element in Understanding
BT2
natural coordinates.
6 Describe the Jacobian of transformation for two-noded Isoparametric BT1 Remembering

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element.
7 List out the advantages of Gauss quadrature numerical integration for
BT1 Remembering
Isoparametric element
8 Define Isoparametric element BT2 Understanding
9 Discuss about Numerical integration BT2 Understanding
10 Discuss about Gauss-quadrature method. BT4 Analyzing
11 Differentiate between implicitly and explicitly methods of numerical Analyzing
BT4
integration
12 Differentiate between geometric and material non-linearity. BT1 Remembering
13 List out the significance of Jacobian transformation BT1 Remembering

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14 Define Isoparametric element with suitable examples. BT6 Creating
15 Develop Stress- displacement matrix for Four noded quadrilateral Creating
BT6
element using natural coordinates.

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16 Develop Stiffness matrix for Isoparametric quadrilateral element BT1 Remembering
17 Define Newton cotes quadrature method BT2 Understanding
18 Distinguish between trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule BT2 Understanding
19 Distinguish between trapezoidal rule and Gauss quadrature. BT5 Evaluating

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20 State the transformation for mapping x-coordinate system into a natural
coordinate system for a linear spar element and for a quadratic spar BT4 Analyzing
element ee PART B
1
For the four noded element shown in fig. determine the Jacobian
and evaluate its value at the point (0,0)
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BT1 Remembering
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2 Evaluate the Jacobian matrix for the isoparametric quadrilateral element

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shown in the figure

w

BT3 Applying
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3 Develop the shape function for 4 noded isoparametric quadrilateral element BT6 Creating
4 Develop the strain displacement matrix, stress-strain matrix and
BT6 Creating
stiffness matrix for an isoparametric quadrilateral element
5 Evaluate the Jacobian matrix at the local coordinates ε=η= 0.5 for
BT5 Evaluating
the linear quadrilateral element with its global coordinates as shown in

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fig. Also evaluate the strain-displacement matrix

et
6 For the four noded quadrilateral element shown in fig analysis the
Jacobian and evaluate its value at the point (1/2, 1/2)

.n
BT4 Analyzing

pz
Calculate the Cartesian coordinates of the point P which has local
ee
coordinates ε = 0.8 and η = 0.6 as shown in figure

BT3 Applying
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 x 
8 1
Evaluate 4
 x 2 dx by applying 3 point Gaussian quadrature. BT5 Evaluating
1
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9 1
Evaluate  e  x dx by applying 3 point Gaussian quadrature. BT5 Evaluating
1
10 1
x
Evaluate the integral, I =  Cos 2 dx by applying 3 point Gaussian
w

1
BT4 Analyzing
quadrature and compare with exact solution.
11 For a four noded rectangular element shown in fig. Estimate the
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following
a. Jacobian matrix b. Strain-Displacement matrix c. Element strain BT2 Understanding
and d. Element stress
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12 For the element shown in the figure. Calculate the Jacobian matrix.

et
.n
BT3 Applying

pz
13 Consider the isoparametric quadrilateral element with nodes 1 to 4 at
(5,5), (11,7),(12,15), and (4,10) respectively. Estimate the jacobian BT2 Understanding
matrix and its determinant at the element centroid
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14 Tabulate the element characteristics of a four node quadrilateral element BT1 Remembering

PART C (15 MARKS)

1 Evaluate the integral by two point Gaussian Quadrature, I=
1 1
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  (2 x  3xy  4 y 2 )dxdy .Gauss points are +0.57735 and -0.57735

2
BT3 Applying
1 1
each of weight 1.0000
2 i) Derive the shape function for all the corner nodes of a nine noded
quadrilateral element.
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ii) Using Gauss quadrature evaluate the following integral using 1,2 and BT6 Creating
3 point integration.
𝟏 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐒
∫−𝟏 𝐒 (𝟏−𝐒𝟐 ) 𝐝𝐬
3 For the four noded element shown in Fig,
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(i) determine the Jacobian and evaluate its value at the point (1⁄3, 1⁄3)
(ii) Using energy approach derive the stiffness matrix for a 1D linear
isoparametric element.
w

BT5 Evaluating
w

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4 For the isoparametric quadrilateral element shown in figure, the
Cartesian coordinates of point ‘P’, are (6,4). The loads 10 kN and 12 kN
are acting in x and y
direction on that point P.
Evaluate the nodal
forces.
BT4 Analyzing

et
.n
pz
ee
ad
.p
w
w
w

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