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    Comparing Covalent and Ionic Lattices S4

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    Fatima Ahmed-Veriter
    Ionic compounds have strong ionic bonds between charged ions that give them high melting and boiling points and the ability to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Covalent compounds have weak attractions between neutral molecules, resulting in low melting and boiling points and insolubility in water. While both have crystalline lattice structures, ionic compounds conduct due to mobile ions and covalent compounds do not conduct due to neutral molecules. [/SUMMARY]

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    Comparing Covalent and Ionic Lattices S4

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    Fatima Ahmed-Veriter
    47 views3 pages
    Ionic compounds have strong ionic bonds between charged ions that give them high melting and boiling points and the ability to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Covalent compounds have weak attractions between neutral molecules, resulting in low melting and boiling points and insolubility in water. While both have crystalline lattice structures, ionic compounds conduct due to mobile ions and covalent compounds do not conduct due to neutral molecules. [/SUMMARY]

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    Ionic compounds have strong ionic bonds between charged ions that give them high melting and boiling points and the ability to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Covalent compounds have weak attractions between neutral molecules, resulting in low melting and boiling points and insolubility in water. While both have crystalline lattice structures, ionic compounds conduct due to mobile ions and covalent compounds do not conduct due to neutral molecules. [/SUMMARY]

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views3 pages

    Comparing Covalent and Ionic Lattices S4

    Uploaded by

    Fatima Ahmed-Veriter
    Ionic compounds have strong ionic bonds between charged ions that give them high melting and boiling points and the ability to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. Covalent compounds have weak attractions between neutral molecules, resulting in low melting and boiling points and insolubility in water. While both have crystalline lattice structures, ionic compounds conduct due to mobile ions and covalent compounds do not conduct due to neutral molecules. [/SUMMARY]

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Comparing ionic and covalent compounds

    Remember:

     Metals and non-metals react together to form ionic compounds.


     Non-metals react together to form covalent compounds. The covalent compounds you have met so
    far exist as molecules.

    Comparing the structures of the solids

    Solids are a regular lattice of particles. In ionic compounds, these particles are ions. In the covalent
    compounds we have studied so far, they are molecules. Let’s compare their lattices.

    A solid ionic compound: Sodium chloride is a typical ionic compound:

    A solid molecular covalent compound: Water is a molecular covalent compound. When you cool it below 0°C
    it becomes a solid: ice.

    So both types of compounds have a regular lattice structure in the solid state, and form crystals. But they
    differ in two key ways:

     In ionic solids the particles (ions) are charged, and the forces between them are strong.
     In molecular covalent solids the particles (molecules) are not charged, and the forces between them
    are weak.

    These differences lead to very different properties.

    Miss Ahmed S4 Chemistry Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds 1


    The properties of ionic compounds

    1) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points. For example:

    This is because the ionic bonds are very strong. It takes a lot of heat energy to break up the lattice. So ionic
    compounds are solid at room temperature. Note that magnesium oxide has a far higher melting and boiling
    point than sodium chloride does. This is because its ions have double the charge (Mg2+ and O2- compared
    with Na+ and Cl-), so its ionic bonds are stronger.

    2) Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water. The water molecules are able to separate the ions from
    each other. The ions then move apart, surrounded by water molecules.

    3) Ionic compounds conduct electricity, when melted or dissolved in water. A solid ionic compound will not
    conduct electricity. But when it melts, or dissolves in water, the ions become free to move. Since they are
    charged, they can then conduct electricity.

    The properties of covalent compounds

    1) Molecular covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points. For example:

    This is because the attraction between the molecules is low. So it does not take much energy to break up the
    lattice and separate them from each other. That explains why many molecular compounds are liquids or
    gases at room temperature – and why many of the liquids are volatile (evaporate easily).

    2) Covalent compounds tend (but not always) to be insoluble in water.

    3) Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity. There are no charged particles, so they cannot conduct.

    Miss Ahmed S4 Chemistry Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds 2


    Miss Ahmed S4 Chemistry Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds 3

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