Participant Handbook: Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Participant Handbook: Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Participant Handbook: Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Participant Handbook
Sector
Leather
Sub-Sector
Goods and Garments
Occupation
Stitching
Reference ID: LSS/Q5501, Version 1.0
NSQF Level 4
Stitcher
(Goods and Garments)
Participant Handbook
Published By:
Copyright © 2016
Leather Sector Skill Council
LSSC Contact Details:
Address : Annex Building, CFTI Campus, No.65/1, GST Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
Email : info1@leatherssc.org
Phone : 044 22502350
Disclaimer
The information contained herein has been obtained from sources reliable to LSSC. LSSC disclaims all
warranties to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. LSSC shall have no liability for
errors, omissions, or inadequacies, in the information contained herein, or for interpretations thereof.
Every effort has been made to trace the owners of the copyright material included in the book. The
publishers would be grateful for any omissions brought to their notice for acknowledgements in future
editions of the book. No entity in LSSC shall be responsible for any loss whatsoever, sustained by any person
who relies on this material. The material in this publication is copyrighted. No parts of this publication may
be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means either on paper or electronic media,
unless authorized by the LSSC.
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
iii
Participant Handbook
iv
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Acknowledgements
We thank the following organizations for endorsing the contents of this Participant Handbook, thus
contributing towards skilling based on the Qualification pack (QP) and national Occupational Standards
(NOSs).
v
Participant Handbook
Symbols Used
!
Key Learning Steps Time Tips Notes Unit
Outcomes Objectives
Summary Exercise
vi
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Table of Content
S.No Modules and Units Page No
Unit 1.1 - Introduction to Leather Industry and Goods and Garments Stitching Operator 3
Unit 5.1 - Comply with Health, Safety and Security at Workplace 143
vii
Participant Handbook
viii
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
1. Overview on Leather
Industry and Generic Skills
Unit 1.1 - Introduction to Leather Industry and Goods and
Garments Stitching Operator
Unit 1.2 - Hazards, Safety and Health
Unit 1.3 - Workplace Skills
1
Participant Handbook
2
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you will be able to:
1. Explain the importance of leather industry
2. Describe leather manufacturing process
3. Describe the uses of different types of leather products in India
4. List down different types of leather available
5. Describe role of a stitching operator in leather industry
3
Participant Handbook
As per a report by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), although India has gradually
liberalized its cumbersome compliance and documentation policies for global leather trade, it still lags
behind most of the developed countries and even similarly placed developing countries. India's cost of
logistics, as a share of the GDP, is one of the highest in the world (12-13% of the GDP) compared to the
developed markets (below 10% of the GDP). This is reflected in the transportation cost per kilometre,
which may hamper the industry's competitiveness as the leather is export-based and has to reach a wide
retail market. The slow pace of reforms in the Indian power sector has had a specific detrimental effect
on the leather industry in the form of additional cost of power back-up.
The Leather industry is bestowed with an affluence of raw materials as India is endowed with 21% of
world cattle & buffalo and 11% of world goat & sheep population. Added to this are the strengths of
skilled manpower, innovative technology, increasing industry compliance to international
environmental standards, and the dedicated support of the allied industries.
Galloping Exports
India's leather industry has grown drastically, transforming from a mere raw material supplier to a value-
added product exporter. Today, around 50 per cent of India's leather business comes from international
trade.
At 45.3%, footwear accounted for the lion's share of leather exports, followed by leather goods with
22.2 %, and finished leather with 20.6% share in April-Jan 2015. In 2014–15 (up to January 2015),
footwear recorded the maximum increase in exports, followed by saddlery and harness, and leather
goods.
During 2014–15 (up to January 2015), the major markets for Indian leather products were Germany
(12.6%), the US (11.5%), the UK (11.5%), Italy (7.8%), Hong Kong (6.5%), France (5.7%), Spain (5.4%), the
UAE (4.2%), the Netherlands (3.6%) and China (3.0 %).
Indian Leather Industry – Overview, Export Performance and Prospects
The major production centers for leather and leather products in India are located in Tamil Nadu -
Chennai, Ambur, Ranipet, Vaniyambadi, Vellore, Pernambut, Trichy, Dindigul and Erode ; West Bengal –
Kolkata ; Uttar Pradesh – Kanpur, Agra, Noida, Saharanpur; Maharashtra – Mumbai ; Punjab – Jallandhar ;
Karnataka – Bangalore ; Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabad ; Haryana - Ambala, Gurgaon, Panchkula, Karnal
and Faridabad; Delhi; Madhya Pradesh – Dewas ; Kerala – Calicut and Ernakulam / Cochin.
Strengths of Indian leather sector
Ÿ World-class institutional support for Design & Product Development, HRD and R & D.
Ÿ Emerging strengths
4
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Ÿ Delivery compliance
5
Participant Handbook
1.1.2 Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created by the tanning of animal rawhide and skin, often cattle
hide.
Fig 1.1.1 Raw Leather Fig 1.1.2 Grain Leather Fig 1.1.3 Leather Swatches
Grain
Full
Grain
Junction of Top
Grain & Corium Grain
Corium
Genuine
Leather
(Suede)
Flesh
6
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Leather is tanned and finished on the grain side to have a smooth rich surface. Leather, which is tanned
and finished on the flesh side, is called suede. Various types of finished leathers, which are used for
making leather products, are described below:
Natural Grain Finish
The leathers are finished with grain intact. The leathers should have good grain quality without deep
scars or looseness.
7
Participant Handbook
Pigment Finish
Pigment finished leathers are those types of finished leathers with relatively high amount of covering
material. The covering of defects is very good in this finish.
8
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Printed Finish
These leathers are finished similar to corrected grain leathers, but with deeper print on the surface by
embossing with suitable heat and pressure. A variety of print patterns such as crocodile print, lizard print,
etc. can be effected.
Nubuck Finish
The leathers are finished with velvet like surface on the grain layer. Since the fibres in the grain layer are
compact and short, the nap is fine and smooth and the textured surface will show a difference in shading
when run by the hand over it.
9
Participant Handbook
10
Stitcher (Goods and Garments)
Leather Jackets
A leather jacket resists cold. It is usually worn on other clothes. They are manufactured from tanned
hides of animals.
Leather Belts
A belt is usually made up of flexible band or strap. It’s normally made out of leather or heavy cloth, and
worn around the waist. The belts are used to hold the trousers or other apparels of clothing.
11
Participant Handbook
Leather Wallets
A wallet is a flat case which is utilized to have our personal items like money, cards, ID proofs (pan card,
voter ID card, etc.), photos, visiting cards. Wallets are made out of leather or fabrics, and they are of
pocket sized.
Leather Saddle
It is used for the trendy look as well as for comfort (Horse saddle or Bicycle saddle).
12