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    Chapter 1 Intro

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    Trần Quốc Khang
    The document outlines an introduction to artificial intelligence course. It discusses definitions of AI, approaches including thinking rationally and acting rationally. Example introductory problems are presented, such as tic-tac-toe and question answering. An assessment breakdown is given and the state of AI technologies is briefly reviewed. The document concludes with suggestions for more problems to explore.

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    Chapter 1 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Trần Quốc Khang
    73 views19 pages
    The document outlines an introduction to artificial intelligence course. It discusses definitions of AI, approaches including thinking rationally and acting rationally. Example introductory problems are presented, such as tic-tac-toe and question answering. An assessment breakdown is given and the state of AI technologies is briefly reviewed. The document concludes with suggestions for more problems to explore.

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    The document outlines an introduction to artificial intelligence course. It discusses definitions of AI, approaches including thinking rationally and acting rationally. Example introductory problems are presented, such as tic-tac-toe and question answering. An assessment breakdown is given and the state of AI technologies is briefly reviewed. The document concludes with suggestions for more problems to explore.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views19 pages

    Chapter 1 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Trần Quốc Khang
    The document outlines an introduction to artificial intelligence course. It discusses definitions of AI, approaches including thinking rationally and acting rationally. Example introductory problems are presented, such as tic-tac-toe and question answering. An assessment breakdown is given and the state of AI technologies is briefly reviewed. The document concludes with suggestions for more problems to explore.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Introduction

    Vuong Ba Thinh

    Department of Computer Science - CSE Faculty - HCMUT


    [email protected]

    January 9, 2017

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 1 / 19


    1 Outline

    2 What is AI?

    3 Introductory Problems

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 2 / 19


    References

    Tri tue nhan tao = Thong minh + Giai thuat (2008) - Cao Hoang Tru
    Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2009) - Stuart Russell
    and Peter Norvig
    Machine Learning (1997) - Tom Mitchell
    Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic (1995) - George J. Klir and Bo Yuan
    Slides (Sakai)

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 3 / 19


    Outline

    1 Introduction
    What is AI?
    History
    Introductory Problems
    PROLOG
    2 Solving Problems as Searching
    State space
    Search strategies
    Problem Characteristics
    3 Heuristic Search
    Generate and Test
    Hill Climbing
    Simulated annealing
    Best-first search

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 4 / 19


    Outline

    4 Game Playing
    Minimax procedure
    Alpha-beta cutoffs
    Additional refinements
    5 Planning
    Linear Planning
    Non-linear Planning
    6 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
    What is knowledge representation?
    Using propositional logic
    Using predicate logic

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 5 / 19


    Outline

    7 Structured knowledge
    Semantic networks
    Frames
    Conceptual graphs
    8 Uncertainty and Imprecision
    Review of probability theory
    Bayesian networks
    Fuzzy sets and fuzzy relations
    Fuzzy rules and fuzzy control
    9 Machine Learning
    Learning problem
    Concept learning
    Candidate-elimination algorithms
    Decision trees

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 6 / 19


    Assessment

    20% Assignments
    80% Final Exam

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 7 / 19


    What is AI?

    Intelligence: ability to learn, understand and think (Oxford dictionary)

    Artificial: made or produced to copy sth natural; not real (Oxford


    dictionary)

    Thinking Humanly Thinking Rationally


    Acting Humanly Acting Rationally

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 8 / 19


    Acting Humanly: Turing Test

    The computer would need to possess


    the following capabilities...

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 9 / 19


    Acting Humanly: Turing Test

    The computer would need to possess


    the following capabilities:
    natural language processing
    knowledge representation
    automated reasoning
    machine learning
    ???
    ???

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 10 / 19


    Thinking humanly: The cognitive modeling approach

    We need to get inside the actual workings of human minds

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 11 / 19


    Thinking rationally: The “laws of thought” approach

    Example
    “Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore, Socrates is mortal”

    Logic
    Two main obstacles: ???

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 12 / 19


    Acting rationally: The rational agent approach

    An agent is just something that acts


    A rational agent is one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome
    or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome
    Advantages???

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 13 / 19


    The Foundations and History of AI

    Reading in “Introduction” in Chapter 1 AIMA Russel & Norvig.

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 14 / 19


    Problem 1: Tic - Tac - Toe

    X X
    O

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 15 / 19


    Problem 2: Question Answering

    Facts
    “Mary went shopping for a new coat. She found a red one she really liked.
    When she got it home, she discovered that it went perfectly with her
    favorite dress”.

    Questions
    Q1: What did Mary go shopping for?
    Q2: What did Mary find that she liked?
    Q3: Did Mary buy anything?

    Answers
    A1: ..................................
    A2: ..................................
    A3: ..................................

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 16 / 19


    What is AI?

    Not about what human beings can do!

    About how to instruct a computer to do what human beings can do!

    AI = Algorithm + Intelligence

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 17 / 19


    The state of the art

    Robotic vehicles
    Speech recognition
    Game playing
    Spam fighting
    Logistics planning
    Robotics
    Machine Translation

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 18 / 19


    More Problems

    Missionaries & Cannibals


    8-queens
    8-puzzle
    2048
    UnBlock Me
    The Tower of Hanoi
    Pacman
    Battle City (AKA Tank 1990)
    Chicken Invaders
    Tower Defense

    Vuong Ba Thinh (CSE Faculty - HCMUT) Introduction January 9, 2017 19 / 19

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