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Department of Education – Schools Division of Palawan

Research II – Grade 8
Contextualized Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Ways of Data Presentation
First Edition, 2021

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Arnaldo G. Ventura

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
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check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
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read the instructions carefully before performing each task

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Thank you.
 Research II Lesson 4: Ways of Data
Fourth Quarter
Presentation
Week 4

MELC : The learners should be able to:

 discuss the different methods in data collection, analysis, and

presentation; &
 state the advantages of an orderly arranged data.

Objectives: After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Understand the various ways of presenting data scientifically &

systematically;
2. Cite the differences of data presentation instruments; &
3. Present gathered data correctly.

What I Know

Multiple Choice

Direction: Read the following questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. ___________ means exhibition of data in such a clear and attractive manner

that these are easily understood and analyzed.
A. Presentation of data C. Analysis of data
B. Interpretation of data D. Collection of data
2. What do you call the systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns?
A. Tabulation B. Table C. Diagram D. Scale
3. Which of the following method uses text in conveying information?
A. Tabular B. Graphical C. Textual D. Charting
4. Which of the following is not a recommended type of graph?
A. Pie chart B. Bar chart C. Histogram D. Line plot
5. _____ refers to the method or process of presenting data in the form of rows
and
columns and ____ refers to the actual presentation of data on the form of rows
and columns
A. Tabulation, Graph C. Tabulation, Table
B. Table, Tabulation D. Graph, Table
 What is It

Data can be represented in countless ways. The format for the

presentation of data will depend on the purpose and the information that needs
to be relayed. In the end, data should be presented in such a way that
interpretation and analysis is made easy. Having discussed data collection, the
data collected will have to be presented to show how it looks like at a glance or
even explicitly. Let us see some ways in which we data can be represented.

1. TEXTUAL PRESENTATION
Text is the main method of conveying information as it is used to explain
results and trends as it provides contextual information. Using text to present data,
is fundamentally the use of paragraphs or sentences. Text can be used to provide
interpretation or emphasize certain data.
For instance, explaining the official report of an inquiry commission on labor
force in the year 1999. A text presentation can go like this –
In 1999, out of a total of five thousand workers of a factory, four thousand
and two hundred were members of a Trade Union. The number of female
workers was twenty per cent of the total workers out of which thirty percent were
members of the Trade Union…

2. TABULAR PRESENTATION
A table shows the raw data presented in rows and columns. It is designed
to simplify the presentation and to facilitate quick comparison. A table shows all
data at once and is Precise too. However, when using a table for data
presentation, it can be hard to interpret or see patterns.
For example, the table below shows the number of students that
responded to a questionnaire on saving money according to levels/ amount.
LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

100 26 5.6

200 88 19.0

300 140 30.3

400 171 37.0

500 36 7.8
 TOTAL 462 100

3. PRESENTING DATA WITH CHARTS

A picture, so they say, will tell a thousand words. But what about chart? A
good chart can show as much as several paragraphs of words. But how do you
choose which style of chart to use? There are various types of charts used in the
presentation of data.
A. Pie Chart
A pie chart is one which essentially
displays the relative figures (proportions or
percentages) of classes or strata of a given
sample or population. The pie chart follows
the principle that the angle of each of its
sectors should be proportional to the
frequency of the class that it represents.
A pie chart is used to represent
nominal data (in other words, data
classified in different categories), of a distribution of categories visually. It is
generally the most appropriate format for representing information grouped into
a small number of categories. It is also used for data that have no other way of
being represented aside from a table. It gives a simple pictorial display of the
relative sizes of classes.
B. Bar Chart
A bar chart shows data in separate
columns. It consists a group of equally
spaced rectangular bars, one for each
category (or class) of given statistical data.
The rectangular bars are differentiated by
different shades or colors. The bars starting
from a common baseline must be of equal
width and their length represents the values
of statistical data. Bar charts may be of two
types: vertical and horizontal. The bar chart is one of the most common methods
of presenting data in a visual form. Its main purpose is to display quantities in the
form of bars. Due to the presence of the x and y axis on a bar chart, it is sometimes
called a graph as well.

4. PRESENTING DATA WITH GRAPHS

In research nowadays a lot of emphases is laid upon exceptional
presentation of data. All of this is because, when presented diagrammatically,
data is easy to interpret with just a glance. In such a case we need to learn how
to represent data diagrammatically via graphs. Graphs have two axes, the lines
that run across the bottom and up the side. The line along the bottom is called
the horizontal or x-axis, and the line up the side is called the vertical or y-axis.
The x-axis may contain categories or numbers. You read it from the bottom
left of the graph. The y-axis usually contains numbers, again starting from the
bottom left of the graph. The numbers on the y-axis generally, but not always,
start at 0 in the bottom left of the graph, and move upwards. Some examples of
Graphs are as follows:

A. Bar Graphs
Bar graphs generally have
categories on the x-axis, and numbers on
the y-axis (but these are interchangeable).
This means that you can compare
numbers between different categories.
The categories need to be independent
that is changes in one of them do not
affect the others.

B. Histogram
A histogram is a specific type of bar graph, where the categories are
ranges of numbers. Histograms therefore show combined continuous data. It
shows continuity of data categories. It can be vertical or horizontal. However, the
histogram should be clearly
distinguished from the bar graph. The
most striking physical difference
between these two diagrams is that,
unlike the bar chart, there are no ‘gaps’
between successive rectangles of a
histogram. A bar chart is one-
dimensional since only the length, and
not the width, matters whereas a
histogram is two-dimensional since
both length and width are important.
 C. Pictograms
A pictogram is a special type of
bar graph. Instead of using an axis
with numbers, it uses pictures to
represent a particular number of
items. For example, you could use a
pictogram for the data above about
ages, with an image of a person to
show the number of people in each
category.
D. Line Graphs
A line graph is usually meant
for showing the frequencies for
various values of a variable.
Successive points are joined by
means of line segments so that a
glance at the graph is enough for
the reader to understand the
distribution of the variable. It shows
all data points very is simple to look
at. It can show multiple data sets.

E. Cartesian Graphs
Cartesian graphs are what mathematicians really mean when they talk
about graphs. They compare two sets of numbers, one of which is plotted on the
x-axis and one on the y-axis. The numbers can be written as Cartesian
coordinates, which look like (x, y), where x is the number read from the x-axis, and
y the number from the y-axis.
 Plotting the two lines on graph, with Mary’s age as the x-axis, you can see
that there is a point at which the lines cross. This is the only point at which a) John
is two years older than Mary and b) their ages add up to 12. This must be their
current ages, which are therefore 5 for Mary and 7 for John.

What I Can Do

Activity 1. Label it Baby!

Direction: Identify the ways of data presentation the illustration below is referring
to. Give your reason/s for your answer.
 Answer :____________________________ Answer :___________________________
Reason/s:____________________________ Reason/s:___________________________
_____________________________________ ____________________________________

Answer :____________________________ Answer :___________________________

Reason/s:____________________________ Reason/s:___________________________
_____________________________________ ____________________________________

What’s More
Activity 2. It’s Showtime for data
Direction: Provide ways in which data can be presented in the following situations
below.
1. Make a textual Presentation/analysis out of the pictograph below.

2. Craft a table consisting of your monthly expenditures.

 3. Draw a pie chart of your daily activities at home
4. Device a Bar graph showing your height from elementary years until now.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3. Graphics of Learning

Direction: Fill in the needed information in the graphic organizer below.

Assessment
Direction. Read the statements below carefully. Identify as to which way of data
presentation is being referred to. Write TE for Textual Presentation, TB for Tabular
presentation, CH for presenting data using Charts and GP if it talks about
presenting data though graphs. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.
_____ 1. Used to represent nominal data into different categories.
_____ 2. Shows table in which raw data is presented in rows and columns.

_____ 3. Have two axes, the X and Y axis.

_____ 4. Displays relative figures of classes or strata of a given data.

_____ 5. Text is the main method of conveying information.

_____ 6. Meant for showing the frequencies for various values of a variable.
_____ 7. Compare two sets of numbers, one of which is plotted on the x-axis and
one on the y-axis.

_____ 8. Present data by the use of paragraphs or sentences.

_____ 9. It facilitates comparison of data.

_____ 10. Most appropriate format for representing information grouped into a
small number of categories.
_____ 11. It is a table that helps to represent even a large amount of data in an
engaging, easy to read, and coordinated manner.
_____ 12. It shows continuity of data categories.
_____ 13. Designed to simplify the presentation & to facilitate quick comparison.

_____ 14. Its main function is to display data and invite further exploration.
_____ 15. Used to explain results and trends through contextual information.
Answer Key

15. TE 14. CH 13. TB 12. GP 11. TB

10. CH 9. TB 8. TE 7. GP 6. GP
5. TE 4. CH 3. GP 2. TB 1. CH
Assessment
What’s More & What I Have Learned: Students Answers may vary
What I Can Do: Students Answers may vary
5. C 4. A 3. C 2. B 1. A
What I Know

References
 Article title: Presentation of Data - Objective type Online Test Questions and Answers
with Solution, Explanation, Solved Problems 1
Website title: Objective type BrainKart
URL: http://aptitude.brainkart.com/topic/presentation-of-data-160/
 Website title: Bowenstaff.bowen.edu.ng
URL: http://bowenstaff.bowen.edu.ng/lectureslides/1586409207.pdf
 Article title: Presentation of data
Website title: Slideshare.net
URL: https://www.slideshare.net/rubyocenar/presentation-of-data-
37973327?from_action=save
 toppr. 2021. Presentation of Data. [online] Available at:
<https://www.toppr.com/guides/economics/presentation-of-data/> [Accessed 5 May
2021].
 Article title: Textual Presentation of Data
Website title: onlinemath4all
URL: https://www.onlinemath4all.com/textual-presentation-of-data.html
 Author (c) 2011-2021
Article title: Graphs and Charts | SkillsYouNeed
Website title: Skillsyouneed.com
URL: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/graphs-charts.html
 Article title: Presenting Data - How your students can display detail
Website title: Collins | Freedom to Teach
URL: https://freedomtoteach.collins.co.uk/presentingdata/
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