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Problems Encountered by the Barangay Tanod in Conducting Night time Patrol in

Selected Barangay of Pagbilao Quezon

Pionilla, Peter Symon D.

Mangaya, Allen D.
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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Barangay is the Philippines' basic unit of government. Each barangay is under the

administration and supervision of cities and municipalities as the lowest level of political and

governmental subdivision in the Philippines. In every barangay there are Barangay Tanod which

play an important part in the development and progress of the barangay (Donald Sumad-On

2020). They conduct nightly patrols, necessarily exposing their lives and limbs to danger in the

hands of criminal elements and other wayward members of society. Barangay Officials create a

policy on the duties and function of the Barangay Tanod and they work together towards a

common goal. They have an important duty in their community to maintain a peace and order.

They are the lowest level of enforcement officials in the community who supervised in their

barangay but still they perform a variety of police function. They are the front of liners in the

preparation and response to any type of calamities that threaten peace and order and public safety

and they are also responsive to unique peace and order in the barangay.

Peace and order is an essential ingredient in maintaining economic development, social

order and political stability (Bayan, 2017). According to the Local Government Code of 1991,

Republic Act No. 7160, the role of the Barangay in assures the peace and order in the barangay

level. Pursuant to DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-42, professionalizing these BPSOs ensures

that peace and order and public reference to public safety. As the basic political unit, the creation

of the Barangay Police Security Officers/ BPSOs, otherwise commonly known as “Barangay

Tanod,” security are sustained as the key factor in Barangay's growth. Provided in the DILG's

trainers guidebook, the barangay tanod's duties and responsibilities include: assisting barangay
 3

officials in crime prevention and promoting public safety through patrolling/"ronda", reporting to

the offices concerned of any disruptions or unjust events, tracking the presence and actions of

criminals and illegal elements; assisting police and “lupong taga-pamayapa” in the execution of

warrants and other judicial proceedings; and assisting barangay officials in the enforcement of

national and local laws; and other means deemed appropriate in the prevention of crime. Public

safety or its absence, impacts the lives of everyone (Moore & Braga, 2004). Under NAPOLCOM

Memorandum Circular 2008-013, the Barangay Police Security Officers serving as an auxiliary

of the Philippine National Police, are considered as force multiplier. Though barangay police or

“tanod” works on a voluntary-basis, they do not hesitate to risk their lives just to ensure the

security of the people in their respective Barangay (Benitez, 2013). According to De Jesus

(2018), Usec. Diño said he would push for a bill that would grant rights for barangay watchmen

to receive medical and housing benefits, as well as legal assistance and right to security of

tenure. According to Shoemaker (1996), It is argued that, due to lack of resources, conventional

socialization practices and the value of the barangay justice system, juvenile courts and

correctional facilities are used less often than the juvenile code would suggest and this situation

is likely to continue. Several businesses are already introducing programs to help motivate the

public even from the level of barangay, as a way to help curb rising crime incidence

(Samaniego,2015).

The barangay and the police working together shows that both realize the importance

of collaborating to achieve crime prevention goals. The police acknowledge that despite their

authority, extensive training, and often considerable resources, the police require the support and

assistance of others. To justly and effectively control and prevent crime and disorder, public

support is necessary because the number of police officers to hand duty at any me is far fewer
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than most citizens imagine. They cannot possibly demonstrate physical presence in all places at

all times in a community. Furthermore, for police to be effective, they should be able to work not

just within the operations of the criminal justice system with which they are most closely

identified but also within other social and governmental networks, such as the schools and local

government units (Plant & Scott, 2009).

Insufficient personnel in an organization brings about an increase in workload and

less supervision. Many managers and supervisors are under the impression that the level of

employee performance on a job is proportional to their size (Engetou, 2017). In contrast,

Chiwokwu (2016) asserts that police in a region does not necessarily result in more or less

International Journal of Advanced Research in ISSN: 2278-6236 Management and Social

Sciences Impact Factor: 7.065 Vol. 9 | No. 6 | June 2020 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 118

crime; effective crime control and prevention rely on proper and effective utilization and

management of police personnel.

The barangay officials and barangay tanod are patrolling every night to lessen night

time crime and some of their duties is to implement the curfew policy in every community to

maintain peace and order in barangay. In this times of pandemic where Corona Virus is at peak

the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) here in the Philippines made some rules and regulations to

avoid the spread of the Corona Virus in the entire country. The barangay tanod conduct a night

time patrol as one of their ways to see some persons in their respective barangay who commits a

crime like going outside during curfew hours and having a party without social distancing.

However, they still encountered lot of problems during night patrolling like lack of vehicle when

conducting patrol; insufficient training like self-defense techniques; insufficient equipment like

baton; handcuff and other equipment use for crime prevention; lack of coffee specially when on
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night duty to keep them awake; insufficient budget support; Barangay Tanod does not report on

scheduled duty; some Barangay Tanods are absent during scheduled duty; lack of cooperation

among members of the Barangay Tanod; insufficient supervision and monitoring from Barangay

Officials; lack of cooperation among the residents; honorarium/salary is not given on time;

Barangay Tanods are not aware on duties and responsibilities; and lack of dissemination on new

policy to enforce within the Barangay.

This research paper will be analyzing some of the problem encountered by barangay

tanods in conducting nighttime patrol in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon. This will also

serve as basis of barangay tanods to improve their patrolling style during night time. The impact

is on the barangay tanods success or failure in the performance of their duties during nighttime

patrol and the degree of relationship of each respondent in the exercise their responsibilities to

the community despite of the problems they have encountered.

Research Objectives

The purpose of this study plans to seek the Problems encountered by the barangay tanods in

conducting night time patrol in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon and propose an activity

plan to solve it.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following research objectives;

1. To determine the demographic profile of the barangay tanod respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Years of Service

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1.4 Educational Attainment

2. To determine the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in conducting night time

patrol.

3. To propose activity plan to solve the problems encountered by the barangay tanod.

Literature review

Performance of Barangay Police Security Officer (BPSO) or Tanod in Maintaining Peace

and Order by: Mary Chris Austria-Cruz

Peace and order is an essential ingredient in maintaining economic development, social order and

political stability (Bayan, 2011). According to the Local Government Code of 1991, Republic

Act No. 7160, the role of the Barangay in assures the peace and order in the barangay level.

Pursuant to DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-42, professionalizing these BPSOs ensures that

peace and order and public reference to public safety. As the basic political unit, the creation of

the Barangay Police Security Officers/ BPSOs, otherwise commonly known as “Barangay

Tanods,”security are sustained as the key factor in Barangay's growth. Provided in the DILG's

trainers guidebook, the barangay tanod's duties and responsibilities include: assisting barangay

officials in crime prevention and promoting public safety through patrolling "ronda", reporting to

the offices concerned of any disruptions or unjust events, tracking the presence and actions of

criminals and illegal elements; assisting police and “lupongtagapamayapa” in the execution of

warrants and other judicial proceedings; and assisting barangay officials in the enforcement of

national and local laws; and other means deemed appropriate in the prevention of crime.
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As emphasized to the above statement, one of the duties and responsibilities of the barangay

tanod is to promote public safety trough patrolling “ronda”. This literature is related to the study

because it highlights the different roles of the barangay tanods which are very important.

Therefore, it is very important for them to be recognize in the community where they rendered

service. They encountered lots of problems during night time patrol in order to prevent a crime

so they need this study in order for them to have necessary knowledge on how they are going to

solved the said problems within their community. They will be able to perform their duties and

responsibilities through this study and solve the problems they encountered .

Public safety or its absence, impacts the lives of everyone (Moore & Braga, 2004).

Under NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2008-013, the Barangay Police Security Officers

serving as an auxiliary of the Philippine National Police, are considered as force multiplier.

Though barangay police or “tanod” works on a voluntary-basis, they do not hesitate to risk their

lives just to ensure the security of the people in their respective Barangay (Benitez, 2013).

This literature is related to the study because it revealed that barangay tanods do not hesitate to

risk their lives just to ensure the security of the people in their respective barangay. We cannot

erase the fact that most of the crime happens during night time which is the reason why they are

conducting night time patrol. This strategy is very dangerous for them but they are willing to risk

everything just to serve the people within their barangay. They are flexible enough in order to

solve the problem that they encountered in conducting night time patrol.

. According to Shoemaker (1996), It is argued that, due to lack of resources, conventional

socialization practices and the value of the barangay justice system, juvenile courts and
 8

correctional facilities are used less often than the juvenile code would suggest and this situation

is likely to continue.

The literature is related to study because it revealed that lack of resources, socialization

practices and value of barangay justice system are used less often. It could become a problem to

be encounter by the barangay tanod in conducting necessary strategies like night time patrolling.

Sometimes the barangay tanods do not have an enough knowledge to defend himself/herself.

He/she do not know how to socialized to the people within their community. Sad to say, some of

them is the one who commits a crime. As a result, They cannot gain respect from the people

because they don’t act as a role model.

An Assessment of the Role of Barangay Tanods in Mainstreaming

Peace and Order

The present weak economic condition that we confront increases the risk of securing life and

property and maintaining Peace and Order. Day by day, crimes happen around us, which we

cannot simply disregard. The limited number of our policemen given the low salary they receive

can hardly cope in reducing the rate of criminality. Given this scenario, the Barangay can

provide some assistance in terms of providing supplementary force to our police officers and

Barangay officials and complementing the effort of deterring crimes in the community level.

Barangay Tanods are at the forefront in maintaining Peace and Order in every Barangay. They

serve as effective and indispensable instrument of even the smallest Local Government Unit

(LGU) in pursuing its vision of effective and efficient governance. They are composed of

civilian volunteers guarding our own neighborhood from lawless elements and they have proven

their worth in the prevention of crime by serving as deterrent to criminals especially in areas
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where policemen are scarce. Armed with nightsticks, they are often exposed to dangers.

Although they are given some incentives pursuant to the Local Government Code, these are

often not commensurate to the type of risks that are inherent in the nature of the job that they

perform. Given this setting, a look into the nature of the jobs of Barangay Tanod, its impact and

limitations as well as prospects of maximizing their services to enhance national security proved

to be not only timely but also necessary.

The study was conducted in order to provide policy makers some ideas on nature of the job

Barangay Tanods perform, the risks involved and the type of support that they need from the

community and other government institutions. It is actually an attempt to assess whether the

functions and duties of Barangay Tanods are defined in appropriate legislation’s or issuance’s

and is there a need for any remedial legislation that can help maximize the potential of the

Tanods in maintaining Peace and Order and eventually, ensuring National Security.

What factors contribute to the maximum utilization of the services of Barangay Tanods in

maintaining Peace and Order? These have been answered in this study including the

identification of problems and issues that affect the effective performance of the Tanods.

Local Government Officials and practitioners can also benefit from the study for they can have a

first hand account of how Barangay tanods perceived their role as well as how the community

can better support them. Understanding their role can lead to better execution of existing laws

affecting Barangays and adoption of policies that may enhance Barangay Tanods participation in

the area of monitoring peace and order.

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The result of the study highlights the need to professionalize our Barangay Tanods thus,

facilitating the standardization of their selection and recruitment that can ultimately contribute to

boosting their morale.

An enhanced performance of the Barangay Tanods definitely redounds to the benefit of every

individual consisting of the community, while a peaceful community help support a stable

country.

The assessment is limited only to the Province of Laguna, consisting of selected municipalities

and the City of San Pablo. In conducting the study, the researcher deeply immersed himself in

the local environment of each constituent Barangay, talking with ordinary folks, listening to their

thoughts before starting the conduct of survey. As a duly elected official of the province, he

started informally his research by making the intended subject a recipient of his provincial

allocation. In distributing bicycles for Peace and Order Patrol, he did not only win the heart of

the community but also the support of the unrecognized force multipliers who risked their lives

and limbs over a little above P450.00. An array of existing related literature as well as newspaper

articles helped the author complete his assessment. Interview with stakeholders, local

government officials, as well as focused group discussion among experts, were also conducted to

deepen the assessment of Barangay Tanods Performance.

The study has shown that indeed Barangay Tanods are useful to the community. At present,

Barangay Tanods are considered not only as force multipliers but also important partners in

preserving the environment and useful public information dissemination agents: No less than the

President of the land had admitted the usefulness of our Barangay Tanods not only in anti-
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terrorist campaign but also in equally important government operation such as the recent Severe

Acute Respiratory Syndroms (SARS) campaign.

The results show the positive approval rating of the respondents when asked about the

effectiveness of Barangay Tanods on various services that they render.

As shown in the table, not only are our Barangay Tanods perceived as effective in maintaining

Peace and Order and in reducing crimes but also they proved helpful in gathering and giving of

information.

It was observed that the lowest mark was attained at the area where presence of Barangay

Tanods was perceived as deterrence to commission of crimes. However, in a speech delivered by

Her Excellency GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO, the President also noted the important role

community watchmen play in deterring the commission of crimes.

“The Barangay Tanod is a potent force to reckon with in terms of extending technical and

operational support to our policemen in the campaign against criminality especially street

crimes,” The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) chief, Secretary Jose D.

Lina Jr., said. They could be tapped for intelligence gathering and patrolling thus, enhancing

police visibility in the Barangay, and even during emergency and disaster operations, he added.

An interesting observation can be traced in the result of the survey. While majority of the

respondents feel that the Barangay Tanod should be clothed with police power, a significant

portion of the respondent also do not believe that they should be provided with firearms. The

delegation of police power will all the more put into significance the professionalization of the

Barangay Tanods so as to ensure that they are not prone to abuse the powers delegated to them.
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Among the perceived problems, the low salary and incentives given proved to be the most

pressing.

In terms of public awareness of success stories of Tanods participation in cases that lead to arrest

or crime resolution, only 20.7% are not aware. At least 22.5% of the respondents know a lot

while 47.4% know some.

When asked about what options or alternatives can help improve the service delivery of the

Barangay Tanods, professionalization proved to be the top most choice.

The state recognized the integral role of Barangay Tanod in community governance and as an

indispensable instrument in the maintenance and protection of peace and order as evidenced by

specific provisions in the Local Government Code providing limited benefits and privileges for

its members. However, such benefits are still not commensurate with the services and the

commitment being provided by the Barangay Tanod members.

Barangay Tanods share with law enforcers a coordinative role in the total effort to check social

and economic problems that affect their communities. They serve as partners of law enforcers in

the fight against criminality especially street crimes. Not only are they considered as effective

force multipliers but also reliable partners of the government in its various program, from

information dissemination to protection of the environment.

The study has shown that the effectiveness of the performance of Barangay Tanod depends on

the support of the community and the institution where he belongs and his own perception and

attitudes towards his role. Results have shown the willingness of respondents consisting of local

community residents to provide him with support, be it food during ronda or even legal support.

The state or condition of the Barangay Tanods at present leaves them highly vulnerable to the
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weaknesses of the very institutions where they belong. Unless the hiring and selection process

are professionalized, they will continue to be eternally beholden to those who appointed them.

The following are the recommended courses of actions based on the results of the study.

1. Conduct further professionalization and other skills training for the Tanods to enable them to

muster enough confidence in the performance of their duties. Appropriate basic and advanced

knowledge, attitude and skills vital to the performance of their function should likewise be

provided.

2. Given the important contribution of the Tanods, the Local Government Units should endeavor

to lobby for the approval of pending bills at the lower and upper houses that would increase the

benefit of the Tanods such:

3. Utilization of tri-media should be fully optimized highlighting the role of Barangay Tanods in

keeping the community safe and secured and its role in national security. Cases where Barangay

Tanods had helped in the resolution should be compiled and if possible should be given wide

dissemination.

4. The LGUs should tap the service of “Karate groups, Judo enthusiasts, and the likes and

enter into Memorandum of Agreement with these organizations to tap their services in the

enhancement of fighting skills of Tanods. When it comes to investigation skills and ability, the

LGUs may invite resource speakers from the DILG and NBI.

5. The LGUs my also explore the possibility of building linkages with church organizations and

civil society at large who can readily help in the recognition and promotion of assistance to the
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Barangay Tanods. This can further encourage mobility and support for the plight of the Barangay

Tanods that can hardly be attended to by the Government due to limited resources.

The literature is related to study because it is undeniable that in the governments drive

against criminality, Barangay Tanods play a critical role and in the process, which contributes in

maintaining Peace and Order and eventually ensuring National Security. Peace and Order creates

a stable political environment that encourages growth and development. The the study has shown

that the Barangay Tanods are not only efficient force mutipliers and an effective agent at the

cutting edge of the Governments fight against crime for they had also helped the government win

the hearts and minds of the people. Problems encountered by the barangay tanod will be solved

by implementing the results and findings of this literature.

Theoretical Framework

These are the following theories which support or hold my research or study.

Routine activities theory

Routine activity theory, developed by Cohen and Felson, revolves around three things: a

“potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian” (Bottoms & Wiles,

1997, p. 320). All three must come together in order for criminal activity to be realized. Routine

activity theory relies on the same rational choice methodology as situational crime prevention

techniques.
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Therefore, it has important implications for the prevention of crime made by the

barangay tanod. They conduct night time patrol as one of their prevention strategies that are

informed by routine activities theory attempt to alter these opportunity structures to prevent

criminal events. It has been increasingly used much more broadly to understand and prevent

crime problems. It also has very practical implications for prevention; therefore, practitioners

like barangay tanod have applied routine activities theory in applying some practices and

prevention strategies in conducting night time patrol.

Social Control Theory

The intellectual roots of social control theory reach back several centuries, but it was

not until the middle of the 20th century that this theory began to generate broad interest among

crime researchers. Since then, it has been among the most frequently tested in the scientific

literature and has garnered substantial empirical support. The first task of the control theorist is

to identify the important elements of the bond to society. The second task is to say what is meant

by society—to locate the persons and institutions important in the control of delinquent and

criminal behavior. The following list of elements of the bond— attachment, commitment,

involvement, and belief—has proved useful in explaining the logic of the theory and in

summarizing relevant research. It has also provided guidelines for evaluation of delinquency

prevention programs.

Therefore, this theory also be on how an authority can prevent a crime. It is important for an

authority to know the whole community and its people including areas wherein crime is at peak

so that they will think of necessary strategies within their community. They should know how to

communicate well with the people within their community in order to build a positive
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relationship among them. He/she must be involved in some activities that promotes positive

outcomes. He/she must know how to implement the task given by higher authority so that the

people around him/her will follow him/her without any hesitation.

Symbolic Interaction Theory

The labeling perspective has its origins in the work of Mead and Cooley in the sociological

theory of symbolic interactionism. Mead (1934) believed that the self arose through social

processes, or social experiences, which involved play, game, and the generalized other. A

person’s self is generated when an individual takes the attitudes of other people in the group

around him or her (whom Mead called the generalized other) and superimposes those attitudes

upon behavioral patterns; thus, a person will generally behave in a manner that is consistent with

the way in which that person believes others view him or her. Mead differentiated between the

“me” and the “I,” and Cooley (1926) referred to this process as the looking-glass self, which is a

reference to the socially shaped self. This process is not a static one; instead, it is a dynamic

process of the individual “reacting back against society,” which in turn is constantly reacting to

the individual (Mead, 1977, p. 235).

In this way, an individual will behave in a manner that is consistent with others’ beliefs and

expectations. Human behavior revolves around the meanings of things and situations; the

interpretation of these meanings through interactions with others; and the interpretive process an

individual undergoes concerning interactions, both present and past (Blumer, 1969). Mead

(1977) viewed this role taking as the foundation for social control (formal and informal). This

two-way, symbolic interaction between the self and society forms the foundation of labeling

theory.
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Therefore, this theory pertains to interactions between self and society and that is how a

barangay tanod and the people within the community interact with each other. There must be a

positive relationship among them but not to the extent that he/she will tolerate the bad behavior

of his/her fellowmen. It is important that everybody will be treated fairly in order to have a

peaceful community.

Significance of the Study

The researcher envisions that an investigation of this kind will greatly benefits the

barangay tanods of selected barangay in Pagbilao Quezon.

The result of this study will serve as a basis for improvement of the performance of

barangay tanods through nighttime patrol and make more challenging on the part of the people

under their barangay and make them realize that conducting patrol during at night will be of

great help to lessen the crime in their barangay.

This study is also important to;

(1) People living in selected barangay in Pagbilao, Quezon.

(2) Non-Government Employees

(3) Barangay Officials, and

(4) Higher officials, that they give more stress or emphasis to the development of conducting

nighttime patrol and give necessary trainings for the barangay tanods in order to provide better

understanding about the things that they need to do.

Research Impediments
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This study covers 50 selected barangay tanods of selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon. Their

answers to the questionnaire would be used as basis of the findings leading to conclusions and

recommendation that will be great help to those who like to develop or improve the conducting

of night time patrol. This study is limited to barangay tanods of selected barangay in Pagbilao,

Quezon. The focus of this study is about the Problems Encountered by the Baragay Tanods in

Conducting Night time Patrol in Selected Barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon. This study is limited to

barangay tanods with at least three years or above in the service.

Definition of Terms

Barangay Tanod, Someone whose primary role is to maintain peace and order in a particular

barangay.

Crime, it is unlawful acts of some people in a particular community or barangay.

Patrol, it is something which is necessary to do as a barangay tanods just to lessen the crime in

particular barangay

Conceptual Framework

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE

BARANGAY TANODS IN CONDUCTING NIGHT
TIME PATROL IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF
PAGBILAO QUEZON

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
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THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE BARANGAY TANOD IN

SELECTED BARANGAY OF PAGBILAO, QUEZON

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES

PROPOSED ACTIVITY PLAN

RESULTS AND FINDINGS

Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework

METHODOLOGY

This will tackle the different methodologies and procedures used by the researcher in

doing his research study. It includes research design through the use of descriptive survey

method, the population and sampling wherein the study is conducted and the numbers of

respondents are stipulated. It also includes data gathering procedures wherein the instruments

used in collecting and gathering the data is stipulated, as well as the data analysis wherein the so-

called statistical tools used in interpreting and analyzing the data is stipulated. Ethical

consideration to be considered is also included here.

Research Design
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The study is a descriptive-quantitative research. As a descriptive research, it is concerned

with the prevailing or existing status of the present study. In this method, the researcher aims to

determine the Problems encountered by the barangay tanod in conducting night time patrol in

selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon. For quantitative research, statistical operations will be

used to concretize its results. According to Manuel and Mendal (1998), descriptive research

involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition

of processes of phenomena. The term descriptive research refers to the type research question,

design, and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic. Descriptive statistics tell what is,

while inferential statistics try to determine cause and effect. This type of question asked by the

researcher will ultimately determine the type of approach necessary to complete an accurate

assessment of the topic at hand. The main goal of this type of research is to describe the data and

characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study

frequency, averages, and other statistical circulations. To achieve the aim of the study, purposive

quota sampling method to the focused barangay tanod in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon

using survey questionnaires will be initiated. Selected fifty (50) barangay tanod will be

responding on the survey questionnaire designed to collect the quantitative data. The

aforementioned instrument will explain the purpose of the study and provide the consent form of

the participants. The instrument will be divided into 3 sections. Each section is described on the

research instruments.

Population and Sampling

The aim of the study is to determine the problems encountered by the barangay tanod in

conducting night time patrol of selected barangay in Pagbilao Quezon. In choosing the

respondents, a purposive quota sampling technique will be used. As the term implies, the sample
 21

will contain people who meet a certain criteria – Fifty (50) Barangay tanods in selected barangay

of Pagbilao, Quezon will be the respondents of the study. They will be described according to

their demographic profile such as age, gender, years in service, and educational attainment. The

fifty (50) respondents will be required to respond on the 4 point Likert scale. Scores of the

respondents were taken for overall score of an item.

Data Gathering Procedures

To gather and measure information on the variables presented in this research, a

systematic quantitative data collection will be employed. Quantitative data collection is

numerical in nature and can be mathematically computed. This research will use the Likert scale

to respond on the standardized self-administered survey questionnaires. Thus, it is convenient to

implement and the effects can be measured. In choosing the respondents, a purposive quota

sampling technique will be used. Research instruments will include demographic questions to

help respondents to start comfortably. After administering the questionnaires with utmost

confidentiality, the data gathered will be organized, summarized, interpreted, and generalized.

First, the data will be organized to check for completeness and accuracy. Data will be entered by

hand and by computer (excel spreadsheet) to compute the frequencies, percentage, mean, mode,

median, range, standard deviation, variance, ranking and cross tabulation. Second, information

will be interpreted through fair and careful judgments. Next, the scope and limitations of the

study will be explicitly reported through graphical representations to show and give overview of

the data. Finally, findings and conclusions will be presented and supported by relevant theories

and researches.

Data Analysis
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Since the study is a descriptive research, some descriptive statistics will be used like

frequency and percentage distribution of the statistical needed in certain problems depend upon

the nature of it.

To solve the problem presented in the study, the researcher will use the following statistical

tools:

1. Percentage. It will be used in describing the demographic profile of the respondents in terms

of birth year and age and gender. The percentage formula can be defined as the result of the

quotient of the number of responses (ƒ) divided by the total number of the respondents (n)

multiplied by one hundred, in mathematical terms:

f
P= x 100
n

2. Weighted Value. It was used in determining the value of each scale per statement. The

formula for weighted value can be defined as the product of the frequency (ƒ) and scale (x), in

mathematical terms:

WV =fx

3. Total Weighted Value. It was used in determining the final value of each item in the

questionnaire. The formula can be defined in the summation of the weighted values (WV) per

item, in mathematical terms:

TWV =∑ WV
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4. Weighted Mean. It will be used in determining the final weight of each item in the

questionnaire. The formula for mean can be defined as the summation of the frequency (ƒ) and

scale (x) divided by the total number of the respondents (n), in mathematical terms:

fx
WM=∑
n

5. General Weighted Mean. It will be used in determining the final weighted mean of all the

items in each part in the questionnaire. The formula for general weighted 22 | Page mean can be

defined as the summation of weighted means (WM) divided by the total number of items (n). In

mathematical terms:

GWM =
∑ WM
n

Ethical Consideration

Addressing the ethical consideration relies on the design of the research and the

methodologies that will be used. Thus, appropriate choice of methodologies is important and

must consider the research context, the research question being addressed, and the researcher’s

skills and capabilities.

The following are the ethical considerations on the process of data collection of this research.

a. The researchers will consider the willingness of participants to provide explicit, active, and

signed consent to take part on the research. The said consent will serve as the contract of both

researcher and the participants. Assurances that participants identity will be kept confidentially

with the right to access their data and ask for more information. The researcher will also ensure

the research design will not harm the participants, the wider community, and the institution.
 24

b. The researchers should also consider that this research may encounter insufficient resources

such as time, recruitment of participants, and financial support.

c. The researchers should also consider their skills and capability to analyze and avoid biases

when interpreting the data collected. Analysis and evaluation must be supported by acceptable

and relevant theories and researches.

References:
Local Government Code of the Philippines, 1991 Chapter 4 Section 391

Leones, C.S, (1993). Alternate Policing in the Philippines From Alternative Policing Style:

Cross-Cultural Perspective, p 101-108, 1993, Mark Findlay and Ugljesa Zvekic, eds –See NCJ

146911.
 25

Caparas, D.L, (2000). Participation of the Public and Victims for More Fair and Effective

Criminal Justice Administration in the Philippines (From Resource Material Series No. 56, P

241-258, 2000, Hiroshi Iitsuka and Rebecca Findlay-Debeck, eds. -- See NCJ-191475)

Leones, C.V (2006). The current situation of crime associated with urbanization: Problems

experienced abd countermeasures initiated in the Philippines, unafei.or.jp

Cadorna, A.L, (2008). Productivity and Performance of Barangays: The Case of the Heritage

City of Vigan, Philippines. World academy of science and technology 46 2008

Aquino, T.A and Ramizo, G.R, (2009). A Study of Barangay Little Baguio.Unpublished

Master’s Thesis

Hulslander and Spivey(2012). Village Stability Operations and Afghan Local Police PRISM Vol.

3, No. 3 (06/2012), pp. 125-138 (14 pages) Published by: Institute for National Strategic

Security, National Defense University

Martinez, J.M, (2013). Towards a Participatory Crime Prevention: Awareness of Community on

Crime Mapping and Hotspots, Tanguyob journal vol 1, 2013.
Dantic, R.G, (2013). titled “Perception of the Philippine National Police personnel and the
community in the participation in crime prevention in the Municipality of Aparri”.
Garcia, M.A, (2014). Police Patrol Plans and Procedure with Public Communication System.
Manila: Mary Jo Educational Supply.
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHER RESPONDENTS
This questionnaire is distributed in order to gather information regarding the “Problems

Encountered by the Barangay Tanod in Conducting Nighttime Patrol in Selected barangay of

Pagbilao, Quezon”. The following questions that you will read below pertain to your

demographic profile, the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in in conducting night

time patrol in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon, and the activity plan which can be
 26

proposed to solve the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in Selected barangay of

Pagbilao, Quezon.

Part 1: Demographic Profile of the respondents

The following are questions about you. Please tick what applies to you.

1. Please identify your gender, (tick one)

______ Male ______ Female

2. Tick the number that represents your age.

_____20-25 years old ______41-45 years old

_____26-30 years old ______46-50 years old

_____31-35 years old ______exp51-55 years old

_____36-40 years old ______56 years old and above

3. Tick the number that represents the years of your service as barangay tanod of your

barangay.

_____1-5 years ______21-25 years

_____6-10 years ______26-30 years

_____11-15 years ______31- 35 years

_____16-20 years ______36 years and above

4. Please identify your educational attainment, (tick one)

_____ ELEMENTARY

_____ HIGHSCHOOL

_____ VOCATIONAL

_____ COLLEGE
 27

Part 2: This part aims to determine the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in

conducting night time patrol in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon.

Direction: Identify your opinion as to what extent you either agree or disagree to the following

problems encountered by the barangay tanod in selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon by

checking below each of the corresponding numbers.

4= Strongly Agree (SA),

3= Agree (A),

2= Disagree (DA),

1= Strongly Disagree (SDA).

SA A DA SDA
STATEMENTS 4 3 2 1

The barangay has lack of vehicle when conducting patrol.

The LGU do not provide sufficient training like self-defense

techniques
The barangay hall do not have sufficient equipment like baton,
handcuff and other equipment use for crime prevention

The barangay captain does not provide a coffee specially when on

night duty to keep the barangay tanods awake.
The LGU doesn’t have a sufficient budget to support the needs of
the barangay tanods
Barangay Tanod does not report on scheduled duty

Some Barangay Tanods are absent during scheduled duty.

lack of cooperation among members of the Barangay Tanod.

Insufficient supervision and monitoring from Barangay Officials

Lack of cooperation among the residents.

Honorarium/salary is not given on time.

Barangay Tanods are not aware on duties and responsibilities
 28

Lack of dissemination on new policy to enforce within the

Barangay.
Slow response of Police Officer when Barangay Tanod needs
assistance

Others: Please include here some other problems that you

encountered which is not listed or included in the given problems
mentioned above. Then tick the appropriate box as to what extent
you either agree or disagree.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5..

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Part 3 – This part aims to propose activity plan to solve the problems encountered by the

Barangay Tanod in Selected Barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon.

Direction: Identify your opinion as to what extent you either agree or disagree in the following

activity plan which can be proposed to solve the problems encountered by the barangay tanod in

selected barangay of Pagbilao, Quezon by checking below each of the corresponding numbers.
 29

4= Strongly Agree (SA), 2= Disagree (DA),

3= Agree (A), 1= Strongly Disagree (SDA).

STATEMENTS SA A DA SDA
4 3 2 1
Conduct Patrolling during night time

Fire Prevention

Conduct Surveillance

Conduct proper arrest

Coordination to Barangay Officials

Conduct traffic

Conduct night patrolling

Conduct seminars on how to solve the problems encountered by the

barangay tanod
Conduct trainings which improve the tanod’s capabilities in solving the

problems they have encountered during night time patrol

Conduct workshops which develop the ability of tanods in solving the

problems they have encountered during night time patrol

Thank you very much and God bless!

30