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    WEEK 3 Turbines, Compressors, Steam Tables

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    İzem Osma
    This document provides an overview of a self-study module on thermodynamics that covers turbines, pumps, compressors, and steam tables. It includes objectives, key vocabulary, and conservation laws. Example problems are given to calculate work from turbine and compressor processes, as well as evaporation and boiling processes. Bibliographic references are also included.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    WEEK 3 Turbines, Compressors, Steam Tables

    Uploaded by

    İzem Osma
    56 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of a self-study module on thermodynamics that covers turbines, pumps, compressors, and steam tables. It includes objectives, key vocabulary, and conservation laws. Example problems are given to calculate work from turbine and compressor processes, as well as evaporation and boiling processes. Bibliographic references are also included.

    Original Title

    WEEK 3 Turbines, compressors, steam tables (1)

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    This document provides an overview of a self-study module on thermodynamics that covers turbines, pumps, compressors, and steam tables. It includes objectives, key vocabulary, and conservation laws. Example problems are given to calculate work from turbine and compressor processes, as well as evaporation and boiling processes. Bibliographic references are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views4 pages

    WEEK 3 Turbines, Compressors, Steam Tables

    Uploaded by

    İzem Osma
    This document provides an overview of a self-study module on thermodynamics that covers turbines, pumps, compressors, and steam tables. It includes objectives, key vocabulary, and conservation laws. Example problems are given to calculate work from turbine and compressor processes, as well as evaporation and boiling processes. Bibliographic references are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Prof. Dr.

    Deniz Uner
    Thermodynamics 1

    SELF STUDY MODULE

    Turbines, Pumps, Compressors, Steam Tables

    Objective
    Balances around turbines and compressors. Learning how to use the steam tables.

    Vocabulary
    Turbines are used to generate work. We will see examples of the systems where flow work is
    converted to shaft work. In most cases we will assume turbines operating adiabatically (why?).

    Compressors are used to increase the pressure of gases and vapors.

    Pumps are used to increase the pressure of liquids.

    Entropy a useful, mysterious (!) state variable.

    Interpolation: finding a value for a property between two available values, assuming a straight line

    behavior.

    Extrapolate: finding a value outside the domain assuming a straight line behavior.

    Conservation Laws
    𝑑𝑚
    The general mass conservation law = ∑𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖 − ∑𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑗
    𝑑𝑡

    The general conservation of energy or the first law of thermodynamics

    𝑑𝑈 𝑑𝑣
    = ∑ 𝑚𝑖 ℎ𝑖 − ∑ 𝑚𝑗 ℎ𝑗 + 𝑄̇ + 𝑊̇ − 𝑃
    𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
    𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡
    Prof. Dr. Deniz Uner
    Thermodynamics 1

    Get familiar with the steam table and its graphical representation
    Fill the following table from the given TS diagram or from the steam table. Electronic version of the TS
    diagram is uploaded in ODTUCLASS.

    State ̂ (𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)
    𝐻 𝑉̂ (𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔)
    400 ⁰C, 1 MPa

    400 ⁰C, 5 MPa

    200 ⁰C, 1.6 MPa, q=0.5

    At the critical point of water (T?, P?)

    Calculate
    1. A turbine generates energy using steam at 1 kg/s 800 ⁰C and 4 MPa. If the steam at the turbine
    exit is at atmospheric pressure and 190 ⁰C, how much shaft work can we obtain? Before getting
    numbers, answer the following questions:
    a. What are your assumptions?
    b. Is this process at steady state?
    c. Is this process adiabatic?

    2. A process needs air at 100 m3/h and 10 bar. If you start from air at ambient conditions how much
    shaft work is needed?
    a. What are your assumptions?
    b. Is this process at steady state?
    c. Is this process adiabatic?

    3. 100 l/min water at ambient conditions will be pressurized to 10 atm. How much shaft work is
    needed?
    a. What are your assumptions?
    b. Is this process at steady state?
    c. Is this process adiabatic?

    4. Using the newly acquired knowledge of the steam table, let us solve this problem again. 1 L of
    water initially at room temperature is in a teapot is on the stove. At time t=0, the stove is turned
    on and heat is being transferred at a constant rate of 100 W. Using your skills in material and
    energy balances answer the following questions:
    Prof. Dr. Deniz Uner
    Thermodynamics 1

    a. Derive an expression for the amount of water in the teapot as a function of time until
    water starts to boil. State all of your assumptions clearly.
    b. Derive an expression for the temperature in the teapot as a function of time until water
    starts to boil. State all of your assumptions clearly.
    c. How does the temperature of water change as a function of time after boiling starts?
    d. How does the amount of water change as a function of time after boiling starts?

    5. How much time is needed to evaporate water in a tea glass (approximately 100 ml capacity) at
    room temperature, if the rate of evaporation is considered as constant at 1 ml/hour? List all the
    assumptions you make.

    6. How much energy is required to evaporate all of the water in the tea glass at room temperature?

    Bibliography
    S. Sandler Chemical Biochemical and Engineering thermodynamics, 4th edition, Wiley

    M. Koretsky, Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2013, NY.

    M.J. Moran, H. N. Shapiro, D.D. Boettner, M.B. Bailey, Principles of Engineering Thermodynamics, 7th
    edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2012, NY.
    Prof. Dr. Deniz Uner
    Thermodynamics 1

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