Marcos v. Manglapus Liberty of Abode and Travel

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ROWARD TUBOG

USJR – School of Law


Subject: Constitutional Law 2
Topic: Liberty of Abode and Travel
Title: FERDINAND E. MARCOS, IMELDA R. MARCOS, FERDINAND R. MARCOS. JR.,
IRENE M. ARANETA, IMEE M. MANOTOC, TOMAS MANOTOC, GREGORIO ARANETA,
PACIFICO E. MARCOS, NICANOR YÑIGUEZ and PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
ASSOCIATION (PHILCONSA), represented by its President, CONRADO F. ESTRELLA,
petitioners,
vs.
HONORABLE RAUL MANGLAPUS, CATALINO MACARAIG, SEDFREY ORDOÑEZ,
MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO, FIDEL RAMOS, RENATO DE VILLA, in their capacity as
Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Executive Secretary, Secretary of Justice, Immigration
Commissioner, Secretary of National Defense and Chief of Staff, respectively, respondents.
Citation: G.R. No. 88211 October 27, 1989
Facts:
After being deposed from presidency, then President Ferdinand E. Marcos was forced into
exile. Before he died in Hawaii, he wished to return to the Philippines. However, then
President Corazon Aquino has stood firmly on the decision to prohibit the return of the
Marcoses to the Philippines, due to some possible threats to national security.

Consequently, Marcos filed for a petition of mandamus and prohibition asking the Court to
order the respondents to issue the Marcoses' travel documents and prevent the
implementation of President Aquino's decision to bar Marcos from returning in the Philippines.
The Marcoses contend that the President is without power to impair their liberty of abode of
the Marcoses because only a court may do so "within the limits prescribed by law" nor may
the President impair their right to travel because no law has authorized her to do so.

Hence, the issue.

Issues:
Whether or not the right to travel and liberty of abode of the Marcoses have been impaired.

Ruling:
No.

It must be emphasized that the individual right involved is not the right to travel from
Philippines to others countries or within the Philippines. These are what the right to travel
would normally connote. Essentially, the right involved is the right to return to one's country, a
totally distinct right under international law, independent from although related to the right to
travel. Thus, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights treat the right to freedom of movement and abode within the territory of a
state, the right to leave a country, and the right to enter one's country as separate and distinct
rights.

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