An Overview of Short Circuit Current (Part 3) : Sample Calculation For Small LT System

An Overview Of Short
Circuit Current (part 3)
Sample calculation for small LT

system
Fault calculations are carried out to find the magnitude of fault current at various
voltage levels of electrical system. One of the key components in the calculation
process is to determine the total impedance of the circuit from the utility /
source, through the transmission system, transformers, and conductors, down
to the point in question such as a panel or switchboard location.
An Overview Of Short Circuit Current (part 3)

Continued from previous technical article: An Overview Of Short Circuit Current
(part 2)
The impedances of the various circuit elements have

both resistance and reactance and are often referred to as the “ complex
impedance” or “polar notation ”. Short circuit calculations are actually just an
elaborate version of Ohm’s Law.
Fault current values and time helps in deciding equipment short time withstand
capacity and deriving settings of protection relays. Interrupting capacity of
protection equipment should be high enough to open safely the maximum short
circuit current which the power system can cause to flow through that
equipment.
One sample calculation for calculating the short circuit current at

downstream of transformer is shown below.
Purpose and intent of this calculation is to calculate the short term current
rating of a marshalling kiosk to be fed by AC distribution board (ACDB) .
ACDB being fed by a source of 630kVA transformer .
Calculation basis
1/ The busbar and switchgear of Marshalling kiosk is sized for short time rating
as per contribution from MV source through LT transformer.
2/ For circuits connected by transformer PU system is particularly suitable. By
selecting suitable base kV for circuits the per unit reactance and resistance
remains same, referred to either side (HV or LV) of transformer.
3/ For circuits connected by transformer same base kVA is selected for both
the circuits (HV and LV) because power remains constant throughout so same
base kVA should be considered throughout.
4/ As a rule only two bases should be selected first and from these two the
remaining bases should be calculated. This is so because kV, kVA, I and Z are
interrelated. They must obey ohms law. If we select base kVA and base kV than
other base like base I and base Z are calculated from base kV and base kVA.
Vice-versa will be inconvenient that is selecting base I and Z and calculating
other bases like kV and kVA will make calculation difficult.
Input data to be collected:

1. Transformer Rating = 0.63 MVA
2. Transformer Voltage ratio = 11/0.433 kV
3. Frequency = 50Hz
4. Transformer Impedance = 5% = 0.05 PU
5. MV System fault level (Maximum) = 40 kA
6. MV System fault MVA = √3 x 40 x 11 = 762 MVA
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Calculation
Actual Fault Current available at AC distribution board
Base MVA = 0.63
Base kV = 11
Base Current in kA = Base MVA/(√3 x Base kV) = 0.63/(√3 x
11) = 0.033
Base Impedance = (Base kV) 2 / Base MVA = 192.1
Source Impedance = MV System fault MVA / = 0.0008
Base MVA
LT Transformer impedance at 0.63MVA & = 0.05
11kV Base
Total MV system impedance (MV System + LT = 0.0508
Transformer)
Fault MVA contributed by Source through LT = Base MVA / Total Impedance
Transformer
= 0.63 / 0.0508 = 12.40
Fault current contribution in kiloAmpers from MV system at LV side through (Switchyard) LT
Transformer:
= Fault MVA x 1000 x 1000 / (√3 x 0.433 x
1000 x 1000)
= 12.40 x 1000 x 1000 / (√3 x 0.433 x 1000 x
1000)
= 17.245 kA
Actual Fault Current available at

marshalling kioskbusbar
Busbars and switchgear components of marshalling kiosk shall be braced for
the peak value of the faultcurrent contribution from the MV system through
630kVA rated source transformer .
Hereafter Marshalling kiosk to be referred as BMK and AC distribution board to

be referred as ACDB.
Actual Fault Current available
at marshalling kioskbusbar
Base kVA = same as above, since this parameter remains constant throughout
the circuit
Base kV = 0.415V Base kV at LV circuit
Distance in meters of transformer from ACDB = 20
Distance in meters of BMK from ACDB = 50
Size of connecting cable in Sq mm from transformer to ACDB = 3.5C x 300 Sq
mm Al, XLPE
Resistance in Ohms/kM of connecting cable from transformer to BMK =
0.128
Total resistance over route length = 20×0.128 /1000 = 0.003
PU resistance = Actual Resistance x Base kVA/ (BasekV 2 x 1000)
= 0.003 x 0.63 x 1000 / (0.415 x 0.415 x 1000) = 0.009
Reactance in Ohms/kM of connecting cable from transformer to BMK = 0.0705
Total reactance over route length = 0.0705×20 /1000 = 0.001
PU reactance = Actual Reactance x Base kVA/(Base kV 2x 1000)
= 0.001 x 0.63 x 1000 / (0.415 x 0.415 x 1000) = 0.0052
PU impedance of cable from LT transformer to ACDB
= √((PU resistance) 2+(PU reactance) 2)= √(0.0092+ 0.07052) = 0.011
Size of conecting cable in Sq mm from ACDB to BMK = 3.5C x 35 Al, XLPE
Resistance in Ohms/kM of connecting cable from ACDB to BMK = 0.671
Total resistance over route length = 0.671 x 50 /1000 = 0.034
PU resistance = Actual Resistance x Base kVA/(Base kV 2 x 1000)
= 0.034 x 0.63 x 1000 / (0.415 x 0.415 x 1000) = 0.12
Reactance in Ohms/kM of connecting cable from ACDB to BMK = 0.0783
Total reactance over route length = 0.0783 x 50 /1000 = 0.004
PU reactance = Actual Reactance x Base kVA/(Base kV 2x 1000)
= 0.004 x 0.63 x 1000 / (0.415 x 0.415 x 1000) = 0.14
PU impedance of cable from ACDB to BMK = √((PU resistance) 2+(PU
reactance)2) = √((0.12)2+(0.14)2) = 0.124
Total PU Impeadnce of connecting cable from LT transformer to BMK = 0.011 +
0.124 = 0.134
Total PU Impedance from LT Transformer to BMK = PU Impedance of
Transformer + Total PU
Impedance of connecting cable from LT transformer to BMK = 0.05 + 0.134 =
0.1842
Fault MVA at BMK busbar = Base MVA/Total Impedance = 0.63 / 0.1842 =
3.42
Fault current in kiloAmps at BMK busbar = Fault MVA x 1000x 1000 / (√3 x
0.415 x 1000 x 1000)
= 3.42 x 1000 x 1000 / (√3 x 0.415 x 1000 x 1000) = 4.757 kA
Hence selection of 10kA busbar and switchgear components like MCB is safe
and appropriate as per the actual fault level existing at BMK main busbar .
Si. No Equipment CURRENT RATING

CALCULATED SHORT OPTIMUM SELECTION
TERM CURRENT OF SHORT TIME
RATING IN kA CURRENT RATING IN kA
RMS Assymmetrical RMS Assymmetrical
Symmetrical peak value = Symmetrical peak value =
nxRMS nxRMS
Symmetrical Symmetrical
1 Main LT board 17.24 34.5 (n=2) 35 73.5 (n=2.1)
2 Marshalling kiosk 4.75 7.1 (n=1.5) 10 17 (n= 1.7)
References:

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An Overview Of Short

Circuit Current (part 3)

Sample calculation for small LT

An Overview Of Short Circuit Current (part 3)

The impedances of the various circuit elements have

One sample calculation for calculating the short circuit current at

Input data to be collected:

Actual Fault Current available at

Hereafter Marshalling kiosk to be referred as BMK and AC distribution board to

Si. No Equipment CURRENT RATING

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